Evaluation of fixed wavelength fluorescence and synchronous fluorescence spectrophotometry as a biomonitoring tool of environmental contamination

A field study was carried out to investigate whether polyaromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) contamination in shore crabs (Carcinus maenas) could be measured using fluorescence spectrometry. Crabs were collected as part of an integrated study to assess PAH contamination in Southampton Water, UK. Urine was collected from crabs via a non-destructive technique and analysed using fixed wavelength fluorescence (FF) and synchronous fluorescence spectrophotometry (SFS) in order to determine the presence of PAH metabolites, indicative of PAH exposure. By scanning at wavelength pairs specific to a variety of PAH groups the fluorescence of metabolites was analysed and attributed to the following PAH groups; naphthalenes, pyrenes and benzo[a]pyrene (BAP). Naphthalene-type, pyrene-type and BAP-type metabolites were detected using FF and SFS techniques and two distinct parameters were measured; Peak Intensity and Peak Area. Results showed that crabs obtained near a petroleum refinery, a point source of PAH discharge, exhibited significantly higher PAH metabolites for all PAH groups, than at sites sampled along the estuary (ANOVA, p<0.05). This study highlights the effectiveness of using FF and SFS as a rapid and cost-effective biomonitoring tool for detecting PAH contamination.     

矿石中稀土总量快速分离法的改进

半微量量取样,碱熔,掩蔽剂提取,用２０ｇ／Ｌ Ｎａ２ＣＯ３－１ｇ／Ｌ水杨酸钠混合洗涤济洗除在稀土沉淀中的铀和钍,分取制得的试液用偶氮胂ＩＩＩ光度法测定稀土总量。可测范围的质量分数（Ｗ／１０＾－２）为０．０１～１２．００,准确度与ＰＭＢＰ－苯萃取法所得结果相符,精度度（ＲＳＤ,ｎ＝１２）为２．８％。     

2—（5—溴—2—吡啶偶氮）—5—二甲氨基苯胺与铂显色反应的研究及应用

研究了显色剂２ （５ 溴 ２ 吡啶偶氮） ５ 二甲氨基苯胺（５ Ｂｒ ＰＡＤＭＡ）与Ｐｔ（Ⅱ）的显色反应。结果表明,在乙醇存在下,１０～３２ｍｏｌ／ＬＨ３ＰＯ４介质中,试剂与Ｐｔ（Ⅱ）１５ｍｉｎ即形成稳定的紫蓝色配合物,并至少稳定２４ｈ。该配合物的最大吸收波长位于６２８ｎｍ处,表观摩尔吸光系数为８７３×１０４Ｌ·ｍｏｌ－１·ｃｍ－１,其组成为ｎＰｔ（Ⅱ）∶ｎ５ Ｂｒ ＰＡＤＭＡ＝１∶１,Ｐｔ（Ⅱ）的质量浓度在０～１０ｍｇ／Ｌ符合比尔定律。所拟方法用于二次合金管理样及催化剂中铂的直接测定,结果与推荐     

Near infrared coronal line emission in Nova Herculis 1991

Near infrared coronal line emission at 1.98 ± 0.02Μm due to [Si VI] detected in the spectrum of Nova Herculis 1991 about 17 days after optical maximum is reported. The early appearance of coronal emission is yet another unusual feature of this fast nova in which early onset of dust formation processes and X-ray detection five days after outburst have already been reported. The coronal line observations reported here are consistent with X-ray detection and support a hot shocked circumstellar envelope at the periphery of the dust formation zone in the nova.     

混合表面活性剂存在下锰的高灵敏显色反应研究

研究了碱性介质中,Ｍｎ（Ⅱ）被空气氧化生成Ｈ２ＭｎＯ３,然后在Ｈ３ＰＯ４介质中,Ｃｕ（Ⅱ）和阳离子型有机相／水相微乳液（ＣＴＭＡＢ／戊醇／正庚烷／水）的存在下,Ｍｎ（Ⅳ）与二安替比林对乙氧基苯基甲烷（ＤＡｐＥＭ）生成橙色产物,λｍａｘ为４５０ｎｍ,ε＝１．９５×１０５Ｌ·ｍｏｌ－１·ｃｍ－１。Ｍｎ（Ⅱ）的质量浓度在０～３２０μｇ／Ｌ内符合比尔定律。方法用于合金中锰的测定,结果与标准值符合,５次测定结果的ＲＳＤ＜３％。     

铌-硫氰酸盐-罗丹明B体系光度法测微量铌

在聚乙烯醇（ＰＶＡ）存在下,铌与硫氰酸盐形成配阴离子,再与罗丹明Ｂ阳离子形成能稳定３ｈ的离子缔合物,可直接在水相中光度法测定Ｎｂ。体系的λｍａｘ＝５６４ｎｍ,ε＝７８×１０５Ｌ·ｍｏｌ－１·ｃｍ－１,线性范围０～０２ｍｇ／ＬＮｂ。试验了近３０种共存离子的影响,采用盐酸羟胺和ＥＤＴＡ掩蔽可消除干扰。经标样分析验证,结果与标准值相符,其ＲＳＤ（ｎ＝６）在２６％～４３％。     

流动注射－催化动力学光度法测定地质样品中的金

本文利用Ａｕ（Ⅲ）对Ｃｅ（Ⅳ）＋Ｈｇ２＋２反应体系的催化作用，采用停留－流动注射分光光度法测定了地质样品中微量金，取得了令人满意的结果。方法检出限可达０．５×１０－９ｇ，测定相对偏差不大于９．０％。     

On the use of UV spectrophotometry to assess dissolved organic carbon origin variations in the Upper Rhône River

To detect temporal changes and the origin of the refractory dissolved organic matter in the Upper Rhône River, UV light absorbance (A) at 285 nm and quantitative dissolved organic carbon (DOC) measurements were carried out. Data from 63 visits to the main channel over a period of two years and from visits to different waterbodies in the alluvial plain before and after a flood are presented. There was a good correlation between A (0.019–0.160) and the DOC content (1.40–9.81 mg/L) for the waterbodies, but not for the river axis with lower A (0.013–0.044) and DOC content (1.13–2.20 mg/L). Due to this good correlation, the DOC content could be quantified for the waterbodies by absorbance measurements only. For the river water this indirect determination of the DOC content was not possible. However, the A/DOC ratio showed changes in the composition of DOC of river water and provided indications about the origin of the dissolved organic matter in the Upper Rhône River.     

硅钼黄分光光度法测定地下水中偏硅酸的不确定度评定

采用不确定度连续传递模型,对硅钼黄分光光度法测定地下水中偏硅酸(DZ/T0064.62—93)的不确定度进行评定。测量结果的不确定度主要来源于标准溶液引入的不确定度、曲线拟合产生的不确定度和测量过程引入的不确定度三部分,而二氧化硅和偏硅酸的摩尔质量不确定度较小,可以忽略不计。采用双误差回归的方式对标准曲线进行拟合,在对各个不确定度分量进行量化的基础上,通过合成得到测量结果的标准不确定度,再乘以95%置信概率下的扩展因子2,得到测量结果的扩展不确定度。     

新显色剂o—Br—DMHFCDA与铝的显色反应研究

本文研究了邻溴二甲基二羧基羟基品红酮与Al的显色反应,在CTMAB存在下,pH为4.6—5.6时能形成稳定的配合物。其最大吸收在640nm处,表观摩尔吸光系数为1.26×10~5L·mol~(-1)·cm~(-1),Al量在0—5μg/25ml范围内遵守比耳定律。方法灵敏度高,用于石英和石灰石的分析可以得到满意结果。