输水管网模糊地震可靠性的 Monte Carlo 法分析程序

本文详细介绍了笔者所建议的运用模糊图理论和方法进行城市输水管网的地震可靠性分析途径和计算程序。对于输水管网中每段管道的震害预测,建立了相应的专家系统。在此基础上,定义了管网系统的模糊可靠性,更好地反映了人们对于管道损坏状态估计的模糊性和对可靠性要求上的模糊性。以模糊矩阵来描述输水管网的状态是十分方便的。通过计算模糊矩阵的传递闭包,极易找出最短路、关键段等。由于地震作用和管道抗震能力都是随机的,因此整个管网系统的可靠性分析是藉助Monle Carlo法进行的。以Monle Carlo法对模糊图进行分析,从而得到管网的地震可靠性,这还是首次。用PASCAL和PROLOG编制了在微机上实用的计算机程序,特别是以智能语言PROLOG编制的程序,更有许多特色。由于采用了一些技巧,使在微机上可以分析相当大的系统,为城市抗震防灾工作提供了一个有力的工具。     

Shear resistance of jointed rock masses and stability calculation of rock slopes

Summary Based on an extension to a model originally proposed by Zhang (1990), a method for estimating the shear strength of a jointed rock mass containing two joint sets is developed. Compared to the original method in which only a single en-echelon joint set was considered, the new method has the following advantages: (1) it allows a much more realistic joint pattern to be incorporated; (2) the effects of joint connectivity and intersection angle between joint sets on shear strength are included. Use of the new method is demonstrated by application to the calculation of the stability of slopes in jointed rock. The importance of joint connectivity, joint persistence and joint set intersection angle on slope stability, as predicted by the model, is revealed.     

矿物热敏参数测试仪及其在地质找矿中的应用

介绍了国内外第一台矿物热敏参数测试仪研制的原理、应用范围和对一些金属矿物、半导体矿物的测试情况以及仪器在浙江、赣南等地区金矿找矿中的初步应用。     

On the general character of coastal flow

It is well-known that some coastal currents such as the Florida Current have a recirculating region on their coastal side, while other currents such as the East Australian Current have no such region. Under the hypothesis that the form drag on a coastal current by an irregular coastal topography reduces the momentum transport of the current to a minimum for the given flow within the current, the hydraulic theory of coastal currents is used to explain this behaviour.     

Hydraulics of sediment-laden sheetflow and the influence of simulated rainfall

Laminar sheetflows, transporting sediment at their capacity rates, both with and without rainfall disturbance, were investigated. Values of flow depth and relative submergence were very small. In the flows without rainfall, measured velocities exceeded the predictions of the smooth-surface, clear-water laminar model by an average of 12 per cent. Reduced flow resistance due to high sediment concentrations may explain this result. Velocities in the rainfall-disturbed flows were not significantly different from the predictions of the smooth-surface, clear-water model, and the velocity reduction due to rainfall was about 12 per cent. Although the uniformity of rainfall intensity under the single-nozzle rainfall simulator is high, variation of momentum and kinetic energy fluxes along the 1-5 m long flume was significant. The rainfall angle of incidence was highly correlated with deviations from expected flow velocities in the upper and lower sections of the flume.     

遥感瞬时作物表面温度估算农田全日蒸散总量

本文介绍了用一日一次观测资料计算全日农田蒸散总量的模式,该模式由二部分公式组成,一是计算瞬时农田蒸散量的空气动力学阻抗——能量平衡公式,另一是根据遥感作物表面温度、农田净辐射、土壤热通量等参数的一次观测资料,计算全天蒸散总量。     

电法勘探在常德市松散孔隙含水层中涌水量预测的应用

常德市水文地质及电测深、电测井的资料反映了孔隙水含水层涌水量的大小与含水层厚度、颗粒组分及其结构的多因素的复杂组合──—厚度（Ｍ）与视电阻率（ρ＿ｓ）的乘积密切相关，据此可预测单井涌水量。     

WH-1型电镀金刚石钻头的研制及其在坚硬、致密和弱研磨性地层中的应用

本文阐述了电镀金刚石孕镶钻头的研制方法和原理。此种钻头适用于坚硬、致密、弱研磨性(即所谓打滑)地层的钻进。攻克“打滑地层”的途径是:(1)降低钻头胎体耐磨性,促使金刚石出刃;(2)改变钻头底唇形状,提高金刚石破碎岩石的比压,增多孔底破碎岩石的自由面,使之易于破碎岩石。从4个钻探队、39个钻头的生产试验结果来看,上述研制工作既合理又有成效。     

The influence of weathering on the geotechnical properties and slope angles of mudstone in the Mineoka earth-slide area,Japan

Three active earth-slide slopes of Tertiary mudstone were investigated: Slope 1 has an angle of 17 ?4°, Slope 2 of 12.9°, and Slope 3 of 11.6°. Infinite slope analysis indicated that the instability of these three slopes can be well explained by using the residual strength parameters of earth-slide soils near the sliding surface in conjunction with the highest ground water table. The residual angle of shearing resistance, ø'_r, plays an important role in the determination of slope angle because it differs greatly among slopes. Mineralogical studies and X-ray diffraction analyses were performed for the clay minerals included in the slope material. The results showed that illite and chlorite were found in Slope 1, and also in Slopes 2 and 3 together with interstratified illite/montmorillonite and montmorillonite. The degree of weathering is progressive in order of Slopes 1, 2 and 3. The alteration of clay minerals by weathering causes the reduction in ø'_r -values, i.e., 19.4° in Slope 1 (steep, less weathered) and 12.1-9.2° in Slopes 2 and 3 (gentle, much more weathered). This result indicates that the degree of weathering has a great influence on the value of ø'_r, which in turn determines the slope angle.     

改进磁变仪布局的研究

本文讨论了各分量磁变仪磁针之间的相互影响以及地磁场各分量的变化、记录光入射角对记录的影响，并由此认为一套磁变仪的布局应满意三项标准：（１）各分量仪磁针间的相互静磁影响要小，且任一磁针受其它磁针工作的影响要低于该分量仪记录的分辨率；（２）各分量仪的状态函数稳定，即保持定向能力强；（３）可产生较高精度的线性记录磁照图。鉴于目前的磁变仪布局与此三标准有明显差距，故本文提出了一种新的布局方案，可满足此三项