黄土高原沟壑区干旱阳坡的地域分异特征

针对黄土高原沟壑区干旱阳坡这种典型的困难立地进行因地制宜的植被恢复建设。本文选取甘肃西峰、山西吉县、陕西安塞、宁夏固原为研究区,采用25 m分辨率的DEM为数据源,基于GIS提取相关地形信息研究其干旱阳坡的地域分异特征。结果表明：①不同类型沟壑区干旱阳坡面积比例占45%～54%,表现为高塬沟壑区＞过渡地带＞丘陵沟壑区。②不同类型沟壑区干旱阳坡面积比例随坡度的变化规律不同,高塬沟壑区呈左偏态分布,其他样区均基本呈近似正态分布,且丘五区和过渡地带呈双峰现象。③不同类型沟壑区梁峁坡面积比例关系为：高塬沟壑区>过渡地带>丘陵沟壑区;沟坡面积比例为：丘陵沟壑区>过渡地带>高塬沟壑区;川台地面积比例为：丘五区＞过渡地带＞丘二区＞高塬沟壑。④不同类型沟壑区各立地类型组所占的面积比例各不相同,除高塬沟壑区外基本呈阳向缓坡组＞阳向陡险坡组＞坡顶或沟底。研究成果可为黄土高原地区开展抗旱造林与植被重建提供理论依据。     

Progress in application of MODIS for remote sensing in Polar Regions

The remote sensing technique is widely used in Polar Regions, and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiomete (MODIS) is one of the most important satellite sensors in the domain of remote sensing. In this article, MODIS sensor, including the information of its satellites, its system constitutes, its hardware characteristic, its large spectra and usual applications are briefly introduced first. Then, there is a particular introduction of MODIS's use in Polar Regions, which refers to the polar physiognomy, polar atmosphere and polar ocean, with citing many examples. At last, views about the development of MODIS and its series sensors in the future, including the improved applications in Polar Regions are given.     

我国南方主要锰矿找矿远景区内弧形构造带特征及其找矿预测

我国南方主要锰矿找矿远景区中,大多发育由锰矿控矿褶皱、破矿断裂为主组成的控矿弧形构造带,为逆冲-推覆（重力滑覆）褶断构造带,其低角度的叠瓦状逆冲断层、双重逆冲构造常常造成含锰岩系地层的多次上、下重叠,较多较好地保存了原生锰矿层,但有些破矿断层将含锰岩系错断至深部,被保存下来成为隐伏矿。本文综合归纳逆冲推覆（重力滑覆）构造特征及控矿特征;研究了分布在湘西-滇东一带的湘黔渝毗连区、湘中、黔东南-湘西南、桂中、湘中南、桂西南、滇东南等主要锰矿找矿远景区中发育的弧形逆冲推覆（重力滑覆）构造带特征;对湘西-滇东地区发育的6个主要锰矿找矿远景区内弧形构造带进行了找矿预测,圈定找矿靶区50余处,预测锰矿石资源量26亿吨,为未来锰矿深地探测及资源基地综合调查评价提供新的找矿思路及调查评价方向。     

河北省滦县司家营铁矿南矿区钻探施工工艺

针对滦县司家营铁矿南矿区地层特点及要求,选用绳索取心、绳索取心冲击回转两种钻进工艺方法,并采取相应的金刚石钻头、冲洗液等技术措施,取得了良好的钻探效果。     

Recent marginal changes of the Mittivakkat Glacier,Southeast Greenland and the discovery of remains of reindeer (Rangifer tarandus), polar bear (Ursus maritimus) and peaty material

Geografisk Tidsskrift, Danish Journal of Geography 108(1):137–142, 2008

During field observations in August 2005 antler remains of a reindeer were found at a recently deglaciated site at about 500 m asl., and bones from a polar bear were found at about 300 m asl. along the margin of Mittivakkat Glacier, Southeast Greenland. Radio carbon dating determined the age of the samples to 720 ¹⁴C years and 350 ¹⁴C years, respectively. In August 2006 old surface vegetation covering peaty material became exposed due to ice recession close to the site where the antler was found. The radio carbon age of small roots from the material was determined to 1530 ¹⁴C years, and is in agreement with dating of woody remains of Salix glauca found close by, at the top of a nearby nunatak in 1999. The antler indicates that reindeer lived in the area when the glacier began to advance from a position where it was close to or smaller than today. The vegetation surface and peaty material indicate that the climate was warmer before the onset of the Little Ice Age in Southeast Greenland than today.     

1980－2018年山西省太行山南麓暴雨时空变化特征

基于1980-2018年山西省太行山南麓晋城市5个站点的降水资料,利用小波分析和Mann-Kendall方法,研究了太行山南麓暴雨时空变化特征。结果表明:39年平均年暴雨日数有0.9个,年际变化幅度较小。暴雨量与暴雨日数的空间分布并不一致,1980、1981、1982、1995和1996年暴雨日数较多。分析50-59、60-69、70-79、80-89、90-99、100以上6个暴雨量区间空间分布发现,暴雨的空间分布在不同区间并没有明显的趋同性。年暴雨降水量有不同程度的增加趋势,晋城市下辖5站暴雨量趋势均存在突变,突变时间存在差异,暴雨量在19811983年和19921995年为两个峰值时段,之后有所缓和。39年暴雨时间序列的小波波谱显示,太行山南麓暴雨呈现0~3 a、3~7 a、8~24 a等3类周期准振荡变化规律,各波动周期稳定性和显著性不同。3~7 a出现5个多少准周期振荡,该周期表现较为显著,8~24 a出现2个准振荡周期,且这两个周期非常稳定,具有全域性的特征。晋城市3~7 a的暴雨振荡周期和8~24 a特大暴雨振荡周期与现实非常吻合。     

泗水南部矿泉水分布特征及开发建议

根据泗水县地下水调查与监测,结合已有资料,经过综合分析,提出了对泗水南部灰岩地区矿泉水矿田的认识,重点介绍了泗水矿泉水矿田的地质背景,形成分布特征,同时提出了几点开发建议,为进一步开发和研究泗水矿泉水矿田指明了重要的思路和方向。     

南天山南缘下二叠统玄武质岩浆的地球化学特征及其构造意义

南天山造山带南缘发育大量的下二叠统火山岩。地球化学指标显示南天山南缘西段拜城县宿相厄肯沟出露的下二叠统小提坎立克组玄武岩为拉斑玄武岩(里特曼指数δ=2.93)。 该套岩石低FeO^T、MgO和全碱(Na₂O+K₂O),高CaO和Al₂O₃,相对高钠,低钾; Rb、K、U和Ba 等大离子亲石元素富集; 稀土配分曲线整体协调一致,为向右缓倾的曲线,轻稀土元素(LREE)相对富集; 微量元素配分型式呈"驼峰状"; 玄武岩的母岩浆经历了以单斜辉石为主的分离结晶作用和强烈的陆壳混染作用。同位素组成 ¹⁴³ Nd/¹⁴⁴ Nd =0.512 849±0.000 005, ⁸⁷ Sr/⁸⁶ Sr =0.706 845±0.000 014; -10<ε_Nd(t)<0,且ε_Sr(t)>0,模式年龄T_DM 为1.463 279 765 Ga。 结合区域地质资料表明,小提坎立克组玄武岩形成于板内伸展环境,具有主动裂谷作用性质,说明南天山造山带南缘当时处于碰撞后伸展背景。     

藏南地名佐证门巴与珞巴的民族归属

继不久前对《中国地图》藏南地名开展补白研究、将藏南地区东段内的图上地名点由原来的9个增加到36个之后,依据门巴族与珞巴族族名与居住地地名相重合的特点、以及藏南地名"巴昔卡"的珞巴语含义与四川地名"扎昔卡"的藏语含义相吻合的特点,论证了门巴族和珞巴族与藏南地域和祖国内地在人文地理上的密切联系,进一步说明了世代居住在藏南地区的门巴族和珞巴族人非跨界民族。     

The Role of Stationary and Transient Planetary Waves in the Maintenance of Stratospheric Polar Vortex Regimes in Northern Hemisphere Winter

Using 1958-2002 NCEPNCAR reanalysis data, we investigate stationary and transient planetary wave propagation and its role in wave-mean flow interaction which influences the state of the polar vortex (PV) in the stratosphere in Northern Hemisphere (NH) winter. This is done by analyzing the Eliassen-Palm (E-P) flux and its divergence. We find that the stationary and transient waves propagate upward and equatorward in NH winter, with stronger upward propagation of stationary waves from the troposphere to the stratosphere, and stronger equatorward propagation of transient waves from mid-latitudes to the subtropics in the troposphere. Stationary waves exhibit more upward propagation in the polar stratosphere during the weak polar vortex regime (WVR) than during the strong polar vortex regime (SVR). On the other hand, transient waves have more upward propagation during SVR than during WVR in the subpolar stratosphere, with a domain of low frequency waves. With different paths of upward propagation, both stationary and transient waves contribute to the maintenance of the observed stratospheric PV regimes in NH winter.