复垦土地样品中石油类物质加速溶剂萃取-荧光分光光度法分析方法研究

作为土地环境质量的一项重要指标,石油类物质含量决定了土地的用途.对于复垦土地样品,在一定程度上反映了污染土地的复垦、治理效果.土壤样中的石油类物质测定方法主要有气相色谱法、红外分光光度法、紫外光谱法等.气相色谱法主要应用于测定样品中的饱和烷烃;红外分光光度法通过测定不同波数下的特征吸收值来表征样品中石油类物质,但采用四...     

气相色谱-质谱联用法测定土壤中邻苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂

应用加速溶剂萃取,气相色谱-质谱联用法测定土壤中6种邻苯二甲酸酯类有机污染物。对邻苯二甲酸酯类污染物的提取溶剂进行了优化选择,确定二氯甲烷作为最佳提取溶剂。对色谱柱升温程序进行了优化,以使两个出峰时间较接近的目标物邻苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMP)、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯(DEP)能够达到基线分离。方法标准曲线的线性范围为0.50～20.0mg/L,线性相关系数均大于0.9970,方法检出限为67μg/kg,加标回收率为81.9%～111.4%。方法检出限较低,精密度好,简便快速,可满足大批量样品分析对质量和进度的要求。     

Li2SO4和MgSO4对C2H5OH—H2O体系的影响

本文首次测定了含Ｌｉ２ＳＯ４和ＭｇＳＯ４盐对醇水混合溶剂工溶度的影响和相关系．Ｌｉ２ＳＯ４盐在室温范围内不会使乙醇─水体系分层，但在ＭｇＳＯ４─Ｃ２Ｈ５ＯＨ—Ｈ２Ｏ体系中加入少量的Ｌｉ２ＳＯ４会使分层温度下降１０℃左右，Ｌｉ２ＳＯ４和ＭｇＳＯ４作为混合盐加入乙醇─水体系中表现出加合性．     

非水溶剂中电解质溶液活度系数的测定:NaCl在1,2-丙二醇中活度系数的测定

应用钠离子选择性电极和Ag-AgCl电极组成可逆电池,通过测定电池的电动势,应用Debye H櫣ckel极限公式,计算了不同温度下NaCl在1,2-丙二醇非水溶剂中的活度系数,并根据电解质溶液的溶剂化理论对NaCl的活度系数的某些变化规律进行了讨论。     

不良溶剂对甲基丙烯酸丁酯ATRP反应的影响

以2-溴代异丁酸乙酯[2-（EiB）-Br]为引发剂,CuBr/2,2^1-bpy为催化体系,进行了甲基丙烯酸丁酯（BMA）在丙酮、丙酮/甲醇、丙酮/水中的原子转移自由基聚合,研究了溶剂、温度对聚合反应活性特征的影响.结果表明,水或甲醇的加入,使反应速率有所增加,水的影响最大;在其它反应条件相同时,水或甲醇对反应的影响在低温时更为明显.     

锌精矿氧压酸浸液中铟的提取研究

对锌精矿氧压酸浸液中铟的提取进行了研究,在1.0m o l/L的H2SO4介质中,铟可被P204定量萃取,当萃取相比为O/A=1/4,进行三级萃取,平衡时间为3m in时,In萃取率达97%以上;对负载有机相用3m o l/L的HC l进行三级反萃,O/A=5/1,平衡时间为3m in,In反萃率为99.62%。     

柠檬酸—硝酸铝溶剂溶解磷灰石中全磷

试验了用柠檬酸＿Ａｌ（ＮＯ３）３溶液做溶剂分解磷灰石的预处理方法。结果表明，在微沸加热６ｍｉｎ条件下，质量浓度分别为３２ｇ／Ｌ和９０ｇ／Ｌ的柠檬酸＿Ａｌ（ＮＯ３）３混合溶剂可以有效地分解磷灰石，测定全磷的回收率＞９９％，与王水溶样结果相符，并用测定磷灰石标样中全磷进行验证，说明方法可靠。     

Extraction of organochlorine pesticides in sediments using soxhlet,ultrasonic and accelerated solvent extraction techniques

The application of soxhlet, ultrasonic and accelerated solvent extraction techniques to the analysis of six organochlorine pesticides (α-HCH, β-HCH, γ-HCH, o, p'-DDT, p,p'-DDT and p, p'-DDE) in Taihu Lake sediment samples is described. It was found that the limits of quantification ranged from 0.002μgg-1 to 0.004μgg-1, and the recoveries of organochlorine pesticides with the three extraction techniques were acceptable (>80.7%). With a mass selective detector, better results were obtained by accelerated solvent extraction using hexane-acetone (1:1) as compared with soxhlet and ultrasonic extraction. It was shown that the accelerated solvent extraction was the optimum technique for the analysis of organochlorine pesticides in sediments. The general features of the three extraction techniques are also presented.     

4-硝基苯并-15-冠醚-5液液萃取分离锂同位素

以4-硝基苯并-15-冠醚-5(4-NO_2-B15C5)做萃取剂,苯甲醚和1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑双(三氟甲烷磺酰)亚胺盐([C_4mim][NTf_2])作稀释剂和协萃剂,以1 mol/L LiCl溶液作萃取溶剂,构建高效的冠醚—离子液体/锂盐溶液的溶剂萃取体系。重点考察了有机相组成、冠醚浓度和锂盐阴离子等对锂同位素分离的影响。结果表明,4-硝基苯并-15-冠醚-5具有良好的锂同位素分离效果,在萃取CF_3COOLi时最大单级分离系数(α)可达1.043±0.01。     

SCREENING FOR ANTIBACTERIAL AND ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITIES IN SOME MARINE ALGAE FROM THE FUJIAN COAST OF CHINA WITH THREE DIFFERENT SOLVENTS

Three different solvents viz ethanol, acetone and methanol-toluene (3:1) were used to extract antibiotics from 23 species of marine algae belonging to the Chlomphyta, Phaeophyta and Rhodophyta. Their crude extracts were tested for antibacterial and antifungal activities. Among them, the ethanol extract showed the strongest activity against the bacteria and fungi tested. Four species of the Rhodophyta (Laurenc/a okamurai, Dasya scoparia, Grateloupia filicina and plocamium telfairiae ) showed a wide spectrum of antibacterial activity. Every solvent extract from the four species was active against all the bacteria tested. The test bacterium Pseudomonas solancearum and the fungus Penicilium citrinum were most sensitive to the extracts of marine algae. In general, the extracts of seaweeds inhibited bacteria more strongly than fungi and species of the Rhodophyta showed the greatest activity against the bacteria and fungi tested.