生态系统服务弹性敏感性系数的合理性与决策属性探讨

在经济学弹性基本概念的基础之上,采用数学推导的方式重点探讨3种生态系统服务弹性敏感性评价模型的合理性与决策属性。研究结果表明：① Kreuter敏感性系数大小始终为0~1;在极限形式下,生态系统服务价值变率函数与Kreuter敏感性系数具有相同的数学表达式与值域;所以这两种敏感性评价模型把1作为是否敏感的评价标准并不合适。生态系统服务交叉敏感性系数不符合一般意义上的“交叉敏感性”的概念,并且其计算公式不符合弹性的基本定义。② 弹性敏感性计算方式适用于随机变量间的研究,不适用于具有确定性关系的变量;生态系统服务框架下的3种弹性敏感性系数均建立在具有确定性关系的生态系统服务价值计算公式的基础之上,导致其敏感性计算结果缺乏深层次的决策属性。     

Net Horizontal Payments for Ecosystem Services: An Application in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region of China

Payments for ecosystem services (PES) are one kind of important tool for environmental protection, and have been widely studied by international scholars and conservationists. Based various definitions of PES from recent articles, we have outlined four principles for PES: parity, measurability, additionality and conditionality, and then have used these principles to develop a formula to calculate a standard for PES. Finding a way to use PES to achieve a win-win relationship between economic growth and environmental protection in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region (BTHR) is a key task for Chinese government. Synergetic development of BTHR has become a national strategy, like The Belt and Road Initiative. This article employed the formula we developed to calculate the net horizontal PES amounts that each provincial government within BTHR should pay. Our findings show that Beijing should have paid 10.44×10⁹ Yuan (0.4% of Beijing’s GRP) and Tianjin 16.56×10⁹ Yuan (0.93% of Tianjin’s GRP) to Hebei in 2016.     

Digital effects in the spatial economy of film: towards a research agenda

A new assemblage of digital technologies, organized around compressed software formats and broadband Internet infrastructures, is reconfiguring the motion picture industry. In this paper, I review the impacts of digitization upon the spatial economy of film in the United States via a commodity chain framework. The discussion raises some important themes for conceptual debate in economic geography.     

生态服务价值与方法研究

1Ecosystemservicesandtheirvalueoftheworld1.1EcosystemservicesHuman societies derive many essential goods from natural ecosystems, including seafood, game animals, fodder, fuelwood, timber, and pharmaceutical products (Constanza, 1997). These goods represent important and familiar parts of the economy. What has been less appreciated until recently is that natural ecosystems also perform fundamental life-support services without which human civilizations would cease to thrive. These include the…     

A modified binary space partitioning tree for geographic information systems

We present a reactive data structure, that is, a spatial data structure with detail levels. The two properties, spatial organization and detail levels, are the basis for a geographic information system (GIS) with a multi-scale database. A reactive data structure is a novel type of data structure catering to multiple detail levels with rapid responses to spatial queries. It is presented here as a modification of the binary space partitioning tree that includes the levels of detail. This tree is one of the few spatial data structures that does not organize space in a rectangular manner. A prototype system has been implemented. An important result of this implementation is that it shows that binary space partitioning trees of real maps have O(n) storage space complexity in contrast to the theoretical worst case O(n² ), with n the number of line segments in the map.     

上海陆家嘴金融产业集群发展研究

随着我国东部沿海地区产业升级的压力增加,金融产业集群赢得了越来越多的关注.在分析大量资料以及开展问卷、面对面访谈的基础上,利用VCM曲线方法,对上海陆家嘴金融产业集群的内部联系、行业协会作用、人员交流等进行了系统的分析,陆家嘴金融企业空间集聚现象明显,企业之间的垂直联系较强,而水平联系较弱,金融从业人员之间的非正式交流很少,陆家嘴金融产业集群属于比较典型的轮轴式产业集群.为了提升陆家嘴金融产业集群的核心竞争力,需要在进一步壮大金融产业规模的同时,还应该提升外商独资企业、合资企业的地方根植性,重视金融人才的培养和引进,大幅改善金融企业水平合作联系的硬件和软件环境条件.     

人地系统耦合下生态系统服务与人类福祉关系研究进展与展望

21世纪以来生态系统服务退化与人类需求提升间的矛盾愈发激烈,如何有效推进生态系统服务与人类福祉的协调平衡成为当前可持续发展的核心主题.论文通过梳理生态系统服务与人类福祉关系研究的阶段演进发现,现有研究主要从服务对福祉的影响与福祉对服务的反馈切人,逐步聚焦到供需关系与空间流动、权衡/协同的利益博弈、文化服务的价值化、生态...     

关联视角下兰州市生产性服务业与制造业空间分布及区位选择比较

基于微观企业数据从关联性视角对兰州市生产性服务业与制造业空间分布特征和模式进行分析,进而探讨其区位选择因素的异同。研究表明：① 生产性服务业与制造业的空间布局均呈现出以主城区为主体、外围局部地区为补充的“中心-外围”空间格局,但生产性服务业集聚区主要集中在河谷地带的主城区,制造业集聚区则呈现出明显的郊区化趋势,二者在空间上存在关联的同时又具有一定的可分性。② 生产性服务业形成了以城市中心区和郊区国家级新区及卫星城镇为多元空间载体的“紧凑型-中心性”模式,制造业则形成了以国家级新区和产业园区为空间载体的“离散型-郊区化”模式。③ 生产性服务业与制造业企业的区位选择需在产业环境、要素禀赋以及政策导向方面进行权衡,生产性服务业企业较为关注区域整体发展氛围,制造业企业则更注重自然因素、区位历史和产业政策的影响。④ 传统型生产性服务业企业区位选择受到地方化经济、区位资源禀赋的影响最为显著,现代型和高端型生产性服务业企业则更容易受到政策的导引从而形成空间集聚;劳动密集型制造业企业主要依附在劳动力资源较为丰富且交通便利的地区,资本密集型制造业企业倾向于具有产业政策优势及土地成本优势的开发区和新区布局,技术密集型制造业企业受成本要素的制约较小且更加注重集聚经济的外部效用。     

基于贝叶斯网络的生态系统服务空间格局优化——以泾河流域为例

城市高速发展引起了区域土地利用格局的改变,不仅影响生态环境质量,而且还对生态系统服务的空间格局产生影响,在此基础上优化生态系统服务显得至关重要。在泾河流域2000—2020年净初级生产力（Net primary productivity, NPP）、农业生产力、土壤保持和产水服务空间评估的基础上,将贝叶斯网络和生态系统服务相结合,在关键变量子集和可视化的最优状态子集的基础上,评估了4种生态系统服务需要优化的区域,为区域经济和生态和谐发展提供参考。结果表明：（1） 水文评价模型（Soil and water assessment tool, SWAT）模型能较准确地模拟区域的径流量。通过模拟值和观测值对比分析,该模型具有较高的决定性系数（R²>0.6）和纳什效率系数（NSE>0.5）,可为进一步评估产水服务提供保障。（2） 2000—2020年泾河流域4种生态系统服务的时空差异性较为显著。在时间尺度上,4种生态系统服务均呈现波动中上升的趋势,在空间尺度上呈现较为稳定的变化趋势。（3） 通过对4种生态系统服务优化区域进行叠加分析,发现综合优化区域集中在彭阳县的中部和西南部以及环县的零星区域。研究结果对指导优化区域进行生态系统的可持续管理以及改善生态系统的退化状况具有重要意义。     

随采地震监测数据采集控制软件开发

随采地震能够对工作面前方地质异常体进行连续探测和实时预报,成为近几年的研究热点,但是目前还没有能够在煤矿井下开展随采地震长期连续监测的装备及配套软件。为了解决这个问题,基于Microsoft Foundation Classes（MFC）开发框架,开发了一套随采地震监测数据采集软件,在室内、野外进行了为期3个月的联调测试,并且在贵州岩脚煤矿与井下随采地震监测设备开展了为期3个月的全面试运行。测试表明,软件实现了随采地震信号的高效采集、完全存储和处理软件的实时通信功能,具有运行稳定、操作便捷、处理高效、便于维护、无人值守等优点。