地表潮汐线应变、剪应变与面应变观测的残差矢量及其震兆变化

运用固体潮观测的残差矢量分析方法，取潮汐观测中的线应变及与孕震系统失稳过程密切相关的面应变和剪切应变作为研究的信息，探讨了这些参数在澜沧－耿马、天祝－景泰、大同－阳高等地震过程中的变化     

洞体应变观测资料对地表勒夫数的反演

本文在地壳介质均匀、各向同性的假设条件下,推导了由正东西和正南北方向上的线应变观测值对勒夫数的反演计算公式,并且考虑到实际观测情况,还给出了地表上一点由水平面内任意两个观测方向的线应变观测对勒夫数的反演计算公式。最后给出了用本文公式对洞体应变台站观测资料进行反演计算的结果。     

Evidence of early Flandrian tidal surges in Lower Strathearn,Scotland

Detailed stratigraphic, palaeobotanical (diatom and pollen) and radiometric evidence from a sequence of buried estuarine deposits, buried peat and overlying estuarine ‘carse’ deposits at Wester Rhynd, in Lower Strathearn, suggests the occurrence of two brief marine incursions between the abandonment by the sea of a buried estuarine flat, probably the Low Buried Beach, at about 8765 ± 75 BP, and c. 8500 BP. The first incursion, shortly after 8565 ± 85 BP, caused bottom-living marine diatoms to be thrown without clastic material onto the rapidly accumulating terrestrial peat. The second, bracketed by dates of 8485 ± 80 and 8510 ± 85 BP, deposited an extremely thin (1 mm) layer of fine sand that interrupts an otherwise unbroken buried peat succession covering the period 8765 ± 75 to 7710 ± 70 BP. The marine diatom, lithostratigraphic and ¹⁴C evidence together are consistent with a storm, storm-surge or tsunami origin for these events, which are recognised principally from the diatom evidence, having left no mark in the pollen record.     

Effects of Sediment-induced Stratification on Floc Breakup in an Idealized Tidal Estuary： A Numerical Modelling Study

Floc breakup dynamics are studied by a sediment transport numerical model in an idealized tidal estuary that has a constant water depth and rapid flocculation of cohesive sediments. The focus is placed on the effects of boundary layer stratification induced by a bottom nepheloid layer on floc breakup and size distribution in the water column. In a neutrally stratified estuary, the floc size distribution follows a parabolic function with maximum values at the surface and bottom. The sediment-induced stratification in the bottom boundary layer increases the median floc sizes. Furthermore, sediment-voided convection caused by the settling lutocline generates significant turbulent kinetic energy dissipation and reduces floc size at the depth where the convective mixing happens. Below that depth, a weak local maxima in the floc size is predicted due to presence of the lutocline. The effect of sediment-stratified bottom boundary layer on the floc breakup can be consistently approximated by a linear regression between the maximal floc size and flux Richardson number.     

PREDICTING SHORELINE CHANGES AT TIDAL INLETS ON A DEVELOPED COAST

Implementation of shore protection measures at tidal inlets in New Jersey has reduced the rate of shoreline change and altered mechanisms for sediment transfer. Shoreline mobility has been reduced to 19 percent of pre-development rates updrift of inlets where new breaches in the islands are prevented by bulkheads or accretion related to human activities. Rates of change downdrift of inlets have been influenced by protection structures and channel dredging. A conversion from cyclic to unidirectional shoreline change has occurred in some areas. Prediction of future changes must be based on probabilities of human action, calibrated with knowledge of physical processes.     

Probability of capture for the second fundamental model of resonance

The extension of the adiabatic invariant theory for one-degree of freedom Hamiltonian systems with varying parameters proposes a way of evaluating the probability of capture from one domain of the phase space into another. We derive here analytic expressions for these probabilities for a typical model of resonance of orderN. We show that the probabilities depend only upon two parameters and not four as expected a priori.     

华北地台南缘下古生界天然气勘探有利区域探讨

在华北板块上,陕甘宁盆地近年来发现了世界级大型气田,为同一地台的其他地区天然气勘探带来了光明和希望。华北地台南缘下古生界经多年的油气勘探证明,位于河南境内的太康隆起具有多套生油层系及一定的生成能力,是油气勘探的主要区域。该储集岩的控制因素较多,主要因素有：潮坪相具有形成良好储层的物质条件;粉晶白云岩和含膏白云岩是孔隙发育的最有利岩石类型;构造运动是油气保存的重要条件。综合分析认为,太康隆起下古生界天然气最有利的储集层段：在纵向上为峰峰组和上马家沟组Ⅲ段,横向分布于郑州—开封以南,郑州—新郑以东,范村—孙营—白潭一线以西区域。     

The effects of semi-lunar spring and neap tidal change on nutrients cycling in the intertidal sediments of the Yangtze estuary

During a semi-lunar tidal cycle from full moon till new moon, tide is characterized by the periodic change in spring and neap tide. Under the in situ conditions of light and temperature, the influence of a semi-lunar spring and neap tidal cycle on nutrient cycling in intertidal flat of the Yangtze estuary was simulated in the laboratory in July 2002. Lab experiments showed that NH₄⁺ and PO₄^3– were always released into overlying waters, while NO₃^– was directed into sediments in the permanently waterlogged systems, suggesting that the long-term waterlogged sediment acts as a significant source for NH₄⁺ and PO₄^3–, and a sink for NO₃^– in water columns. In contrast, reflooding of intertidal sediments after long-term desiccation promoted the considerable effluxes of NH₄⁺, NO₃^– and PO₄^3– into overlying waters, reflecting that the long-term exposed sediment is an important source for nutrients in overlying waters. In addition, the semi-lunar tidal cycle led to the intricate depth distribution patterns of nutrients in intertidal sediments. During long-term exposure, NH₄⁺ in sediments was quickly transformed into NO₂^– and NO₃^–, while organic P pool might be converted to slightly adsorbed and iron-bound P. Therefore, it is considered that the semi-lunar tidal circulation has the significant influence on the biogeochemical cycle of nutrients in intertidal systems.     

Adaptability of the ocean and earth tidal models based on global observations of the superconducting gravimeters

As the gravity field is the most primary and direct physical quantity reflecting the density variation of the Earth’s interior and its geodynamic properties under various environmental changes and as the knowledge of the fine structure of the Earth’s interior and its geo-dynamics has a strong impact on space research, grav-ity observations become more and more important in Earth sciences. Therefore based on a global network of superconducting gravimeters (SGs), the Global Geo-dynamic Proje…     

Microprocessor systems as an aid to estuarine studies in the laboratory

Three systems are outlined which indicate the potential of microprocessor systems as control devices in the generation of specifically varying environmental mental conditions. The use of an RCA 1802 Cosmac microprocessor to generate salinity cycles, tidal cycles and temperature cycles is described.