半滑舌鳎仔稚鱼消化酶活性的变化

对半滑舌鳎不同发育阶段主要消化酶（酸性蛋白酶、碱性蛋白酶、淀粉酶、脂肪酶）以及与消化吸收相关的碱性磷酸酶的活性变化进行了测定。结果表明，半滑舌鳎在仔鱼发育早期即可检出酸性蛋白酶和碱性蛋白酶的活力，碱性蛋白酶的2个极低值分别出现在仔鱼开口期和仔稚鱼的转交期，从孵化后23d左右胃腺出现时，酸性蛋白酶的活性开始明显升高。早期仔鱼体内表现出较强的淀粉酶活性，孵化后12d其活性急剧下降，并一直保持较低的比活力状态。脂肪酶的活性在半滑舌鳎早期仔鱼体内一直较低，进入稚鱼期后开始缓慢上升。碱性磷酸酶活性在变态结束后出现大幅度的升高，这标志着肠组织结构和肠道消化功能的完善。     

港养黄鳍鲷性腺发育和性转变研究

本文利用光镜和电镜显微技术研究了福建东山县西埔湾黄鳍鲷性腺发育过程和性转变规律。结果表明,港养黄鳍鲷雌性性腺不能向产卵状态过渡,因而不能自然产卵,其卵细胞发育可分为5个时相,卵巢发育也可相应地分为5期。雄性性腺在港养条件下能够发育成熟,其精巢发育可分为6期。Ⅰ龄组雄性个体和雌雄同体并存;Ⅱ龄组大多数个体为雌雄同体,少数个体已转变为雌性鱼;Ⅲ龄组和Ⅳ龄组的个体均为雌性鱼。本文还对卵黄的形成、卵母细胞的退化吸收以及排卵的机制等问题进行了讨论。     

Occurrence patterns of mesopelagic fish larvae in Sagami Bay, central Japan

The species composition, seasonal abundance, and vertical distribution of mesopelagic fish larvae are described based on discrete depth sampling from the surface down to 1000 m depth during four cruises at a fixed sampling station in Sagami Bay. The abundances of total mesopelagic fish larvae in April, July, September, and December were 65.7, 13.6, 118.9, and 17.2 individuals per 10 m² sea surface, respectively. Twenty species or types of mesopelagic fish larvae belonging to 10 families were collected. Diaphus garmani, Lipolagus ochotensis, Diogenichthys atlanticus, Sigmops gracile, and Maurolicus japonicus were the five most abundant larvae and accounted for 43.1, 14.5, 7.4, 6.3, and 5.9% of the total mesopelagic fish larvae, respectively. These five species showed clear seasonal changes in abundance, i.e. L. ochotensis, D. atlanticus, and S. gracile larvae mainly occurred during winter— spring; D. garmani and M. japonicus were collected during summer—autumn. No obvious diel vertical migration was found in these larvae. The larvae of D. garmani and M. japonicus were concentrated in the 25–50 and 50–100 m depth layers, respectively. The transforming stage of L. ochotensis, S. gracile, and D. atlanticus occurred at 400–1000 m depth, while their larvae (<8 mm standard length) occurred in the upper 100 m layer, indicating that metamorphosis of these species takes place in the 400–1000 m layer. Based on the occurrence of mesopelagic fish larvae and oceanographic processes in Sagami Bay, with the exception of D. garmani and M. japonicus, most larvae are considered to originate from the Kuroshio region where their main spawning grounds are formed.     

The Effects of Altering Seagrass Canopy Height on Small, Motile Invertebrates of Shallow Mediterranean Embayments

Abstract. The height of seagrass canopy was manipulated in experimental plots in meadows of the fine-leaves seagrass Cymodocea nodosa at two sites in the Mediterranean Sea, la Lagune du Brusc, Iles des Embiez near Toulon, and I'Etang de Diana on Corsica. Epifauna (small motile invertebrates associated with the seagrass canopy or sediment surface), was collected at night at both sites, and during the day at Diana only, from three treatments: full seagrass canopy, reduced canopy, and canopy removed entirely. Although epifaunal assemblages from the two sites were different, treatment modification had the same effect at both sites when analysed using multivariate ordinations. Abundance and biomass of total epifauna and of key taxa were all reduced in line with decreasing seagrass cover at both sites at night. The effects of treatment modification on epifauna during the day showed the same trend but were of greater magnitude, both for assemblages and for total abundance and biomass. At both sites and at both times, the fauna of plots from which seagrass had been cut tended to be dominated by animals of higher biomass than the fauna of plots with full canopy. Epifauna form the major dietary component of small fish inhabiting shallow, sheltered embayments. These results are therefore consistent with a model in which reduced abundance of fish associated with reduced seagrass canopy is explained by a reduction in food availability.     

池塘主养团头鲂鱼种高产技术试验

试验了主养团头鲂的合理放养密度；配养品种的最佳选择及放养比数；优质配合颗粒饲料；驯化投饵；水质调控等高产技术。试验结果：１９．５９亩水面，总净产鱼种１３１３０．０ｋｇ，平均亩净产鱼种６７０．０４ｋｇ，其中团头鲂亩净产３９７．５０ｋｇ，平均尾重３３．９７克，亩纯收入３３５０．６６元，投入产出比为１：２．３３。     

超远缘鱼类—斑马鱼和泥鳅—受精卵的激光融合

利用激光诱导方法对不同科鱼类,鲤科(Cyprinidae)的斑马鱼(Brachydanio Rerio)和鳅科(Cobitidae)的大鳞副泥鳅(Paramisgurnus dabryanus Sauvage)受精卵进行的融合实验结果表明:不同科间的鱼类受精卵可以融合并继续存活发育,有的可发育至初孵仔鱼。但是,其融合、发育表现出与亲缘关系较近的鱼卵的融合、发育有较大的差异。     

Depth Distribution and Abundance of Northern Adriatic Littoral Rocky Reef Blennioid Fishes (Blenniidae and Tripterygion)

Abstract. Species' depth distributions and abundances were visually assessed along 24 transects in a northern Adriatic assemblage of blennioid fishes (14 species of Blenniidae , 1 species of Triptery-giidue). Total abundance of blennioids was highest in 0.5-1 m depth, decreasing upwards and downwards. Species diversity (S hannon -W iener ) is highest at the shallowest depth (0-0.5 in). The curybathic species Parablennius incognitus, Lipophrys dalmatinus, Tripterygion tripteronotus , and Parablennius tentacularis were most abundant at all depths (relative to the species investigated). All stenobathic species were most abundant at 0-0.5 m. Depth distribution patterns and abundance ranks of species were similar at western, eastern, southern, and northern transects.     

宁镇地区下志留统高家边组富有机质页岩孔隙结构

通过氩离子抛光-场发射扫描电镜、小角X射线散射及低温氮气吸附实验,对宁镇地区下志留统仑山5井等高家边组底部富有机质泥页岩孔隙结构进行分析,为下扬子区下志留统富有机质泥页岩的储层评价提供依据。研究表明:高家边组富有机质泥页岩含有大量的纳米级孔隙,包括有机质孔、矿物粒间孔、矿物粒内孔、微裂缝等,孔径分布复杂;优势孔径分布为介孔段,孔隙直径主要为2~50 nm。影响孔径分布的主要因素是矿物组成,脆性矿物和黏土矿物对微孔和介孔都有一定的影响,而有机质含量对泥页岩总体孔隙特征的影响并不明显。     

东营凹陷页岩油储层特征

渤海湾盆地东营凹陷始新统—渐新统沙河街组第三段下亚段(E_(2-3)s~(3-x))和沙河街组第四段上亚段(E_(2-3)s~(4-s))泥页岩分布面积广、累计厚度大、有机质丰度高、有机质类型以Ⅰ型干酪根为主,具有良好的页岩油勘探潜力。泥页岩主要发育层状和纹层状构造,主要矿物组成为粘土矿物、碳酸盐矿物、石英和长石。宏观观察下,泥页岩发育的裂缝主要有成岩裂缝和构造裂缝,孔隙主要为溶蚀孔、结晶孔及生物孔隙。微观观察下,主要发育的孔隙有粒间孔、粒内孔、晶间孔和溶蚀孔等,在不同的有机质丰度、类型及热演化程度下孔隙发育特征差异明显。小角X射线散射能够得到样品介孔(2~50 nm)的分布特征,结合抽提实验,对比处理前后孔隙分布特征表明细介孔(2~10nm)是有效的页岩油储集空间,也是影响孔隙结构复杂化的主要贡献者。核磁共振冷孔计法(NMRC)能测量泥页岩纳米级(2~500 nm)开孔孔隙的分布特征,定量表征孔隙率,弥补其它表征方法的不足。东营凹陷地区泥页岩中广泛发育的纳米级粒间孔是页岩油主要的赋存空间。     

关于"扬子蛤属是先锋贝属无疑"的质疑

2005年,地质学报(英文版,79卷第6期)同时刊出了余汶、钱逸关于扬子蛤(Yangtzedonta)与先锋贝(Xianfengella)是否为同一化石的争论文章.这一争论由来已久.引起多方关注.笔者详细观察了保存于中国科学院南京地质古生物研究所标本馆的余汶(1985)的Yangtzedonta primitiva Yu正模标本(标本登记号84430号)和钱逸(2001)的 Xian fengella等模标本(登记号125018-125022),认为84430号标本是一枚发育有特殊后接合缘构造、形态较为奇特的小壳化石.尽管饯逸(2001)称拥有与84430号标本相似的"更多、更精美的同类标本"和"完整个体",但他不仅从未展示具有与84430号标本相似后接合缘等形态构造的图影,还以与实际形态不相符的失真素描图等不实依据,混淆了84430号标本与Xianfengella在形态构造和壳体大小等方面的真实区别,断言84430号标本是一块Xianfengella的破碎标本,坚称"扬子蛤属是先锋贝属无疑"(地质学报(英文版),79卷第6期第777页).对此,笔者提出质疑.