A wavelet method for detecting S‐waves in seismic data

Seismic signals consist of several typically short energy bursts, called phases, exhibiting several patterns in terms of dominant frequency, amplitude and polarisation. We present a fast algorithm to detect the so‐called S‐phase in a three‐component seismic signal. This new approach combines traditional S‐phase detection methods and the discrete wavelet transform. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

交通荷载作用下公路路基工作区深度研究

根据路面不平整实测资料,获得了汽车动荷载的计算模型和参数,并利用此荷载模式来分析公路结构的动力响应。考虑到公路结构的三维分层性状,利用Fourier变换技术和求解层状结构的精确刚度矩阵法,研究了公路结构在移动汽车荷载作用下的动力响应问题。为了方便工程应用,利用Odemark厚度和模量的当量转换公式,将公路结构简化为由路面、路基及地基组成的3层体系,并以此为基础分析了路基动应力的衰减规律,同时重点研究了汽车轴载大小、当量路面厚度及路基模量对路基工作区深度的影响,最后建议了路基工作区深度的定量表达式,研究结果可为公路路基设计提供参考。     

New insights into geochemical behaviour in ancient marine carbonates (Upper Jurassic Ammonitico Rosso): Novel proxies for interpreting sea‐level dynamics and palaeoceanography

Elemental concentrations in Phanerozoic sea water are known to fluctuate both in time and space. With regard to carbonates precipitated from marine fluids, elemental concentrations in the carbonate crystal lattice are affected by a complex array of equilibrium and non‐equilibrium as well as post‐depositional alteration processes. To assess the potential of carbonate elemental chemostratigraphy, seven Upper Jurassic sections were investigated along a proximal to distal transect across the south‐east Iberian palaeomargin. The aim was to explore stratigraphic and spatial variations in calcium, strontium, magnesium, iron and manganese elemental abundances. The epicontinental geochemical record is influenced by the combination of continental runoff and a significant diagenetic overprint. In contrast, the epioceanic geochemical record agrees with reconstructed open marine sea water values, reflecting a moderate degree of syn‐depositional to early marine pore water diagenesis. Establishing a fair degree of preservation of matrix micrite, a thorough statistical approach was applied and elemental associations tested for their environmental significance. Principal component and hierarchical cluster analyses revealed a persistent relation between carbonate magnesium, iron and strontium abundances. Processes related to early diagenetic nodulation in Ammonitico Rosso facies most probably account for the incorporation of these elements in the calcium carbonate lattice. The clear decoupling of carbonate manganese abundance with respect to the remaining elements is documented and related to high sea floor spreading rates and hydrothermal activity during the Late Jurassic. The investigation of potential time‐fluctuation of geochemical patterns was approached through variogram computation. The observed temporal behaviour is most likely to be forced by relative sea‐level dynamics, reflecting Late Jurassic palaeoceanographic conditions and potential planetary interactions. The data obtained in this study highlight the utility of elemental data from carbonate matrix micrites as geochemical proxies for studying the influence of remote trigger factors.     

井间电阻率层析成象的平滑度约束反演

井间电阻率层析成象是一种探测地下浅部精细结构的物探方法，它主要用于解决工程地质问题。本文采用２．５－Ｄ有限元法，针对井间电阻率层析成象中的ＡＭ观测系统进行了反演成象计算。文中首先计算了灵敏度矩阵，然后给出了一种电阻率层析成象反演算法—平滑度约束反演，理论模型的计算和实际资料的处理，都证明了该算法的有效性     

基于两种颗粒体模型的巷道围岩应力应变分析

本文将岩石视为颗粒体材料,采用两种模型对巷道围岩的应力、应变及破坏区的分布规律进行了数值模拟。第一种模型是连续介质模型,其中考虑了颗粒、界面及基体。第二种模型是将第一种模型中的基体去掉。研究结果表明:当基体强度参数降低较少时,巷道围岩中的环向和径向应力在传统结果附近波动;当基体强度参数降低较多时,两种应力的波动幅度提高,而且,基体位置的应力向其周围的颗粒或界面转移。第二种模型结果的波动幅度更大。随着基体强度参数的降低,巷道围岩中的应变集中区向深部转移,形成相互交织的滑移线网,滑移线网的位置主要位于基体和界面中,这与第二种模型的结果有明显的差异(多个环向的应变集中区)。     

敦化大蒲柴河金矿区弱研磨性岩层的综合钻探技术

坚硬弱研磨性地层钻进效率低一直是敦化大蒲柴河金矿区钻探难题,通过投磨料、调整钻头技术参数等措施得到了一些改善,尤其是液动潜孔锤的成功应用,彻底解决了该矿区钻进效率低下难题;此外,对复杂坍塌、漏失、涌水不稳定地层采用重晶石粉加水泥灌注的技术措施,解决了孔壁严重垮塌问题。     

半空间埋置动点源荷载问题的传递矩阵法

引用了流体饱和两相多孔介质的动力控制方程分析半空间埋置动点源荷载问题的位移和变形。经过Laplace Hankel变换 ,控制方程化成常微分方程组。利用数学软件mathmatic对上述方程组求解 ,可以得到单层砂土的传递矩阵。分析过程中 ,假设在两层面上 ,位移与应力相互连续 ,可以借鉴有限元的思想进行耦合计算。这样就获得了在饱和砂土中施加竖向动荷载问题的Laplace Hankel变换解 ,其最终的解还需要通过Laplace Hankel逆变换得到     

Triaxial stress state deep in orogenic belts: an example from Turkey

A rare metachert pebble containing amphibole grains with microboudin structures in a wide range of orientations provides an opportunity to perform stress analysis in two orthogonal orientations on the foliation surface. The sample was analysed by the microboudin method to infer the triaxial stress state during microboudinage. Stress parameters proportional to the far-field differential stress were determined for sodic amphibole grains in the two orientations. The ratio of the stresses in the two orthogonal orientations (σ₁−σ₂)/(σ₁−σ₃) was calculated to be 0.64, indicating that σ₂ lies closer to the midpoint between σ₁ and σ₃ than to σ₃.     

某城地下水地表水联合优化调度管理模型实例

本文阐述了利用响应矩阵法建立地下水、地表水优化调度管理模型的约束条件、并用目标规划法进行管理模型计算的一个实例。这是一个位于黄河之滨的城市,市内有许多名泉。近年来大量开采地下水已使泉水干涸,而黄河水在某些月份含沙量很大,不宜全年开采。本计算求得了这个城市几个水源地与黄河水在一个枯水年(或丰水年)内各月份的优化开采量分配方案,使之既可保证泉水全年喷涌;叉可提供所需水量。