登州浅滩海域表层沉积物分布特征

依据2010年在登州浅滩海域采集的沉积物样品资料,划分了研究区表层沉积物的分布类型,分析了登州浅滩海域沉积物的分布特征和粒度参数变化规律,在此基础上初步探讨了沉积物分布的影响因素.研究结果表明,登州浅滩海域表层沉积物主要包括砾石、砾砂、粗砂、中粗砂、中砂、细砂、粉砂质砂、砂质粉砂、粉砂、黏土质粉砂、粉砂质黏土等11种类...     

Phytoplankton pigment patterns and community composition in the northern South China Sea during winter

Phytoplankton pigment patterns and community composition were investigated in the northern South China Sea using high-performance liquid chromatography and the CHEMTAX software from February 11 to 23, 2009. We recognized four different vertical distribution patterns of pigments: chlorophyll a (Chl a)-like type, divinyl chlorophyll a (DV Chl a) type, even distribution type, and surface type. The average value of ratios of accessory photo-protective pigments (APP) to accessory photo-synthetic pigments was 0.89±0.63 in the upper 50 m and 0.16±0.06 below 50 m depth. With increasing depth, APP decreased and photo-synthetically active radiation was attenuated. There was an obvious succession in the phytoplankton community from inshore to the open sea. Diatoms were dominant in the inshore region, while pelagophytes, Prochlorococcus, cyanobacteria and prymnesiophytes were dominant in the open sea. The vertical distribution of phytoplankton also differed greatly from inshore to the open sea. In the coastal and shelf region, diatoms were important components in the whole water column. Cyanobacteria also had a high abundance at the Subsurface Chlorophyll a Maxima (SCM) in the shelf region. In the slope and open sea, Prochlorococcus and cyanobacteria were important groups above the SCM, while pelagophytes dominated below the SCM.     

基于WebServices的空间信息应用集成解决方案研究

 在对应用集成及其发展分析的基础上,将Web Services技术运用到空间信息应用集成,提出和建立了面向服务的空间信息应用集成框架,包括Web应用层、服务集成层、服务层和UDDI等4个组成部分。通过该框架,可以实现空间信息集成、服务集成和应用集成。论文解决了空间信息应用集成框架中的2个关键问题:(1)提出了分别从数据层次和业务层次对原有系统集成的解决方案,在数据层次上,提出了基于XML/GML的空间数据封装和基于Web服务接口的空间数据封装策略;在业务层次上,提出根据系统的功能模块和业务逻辑分别进行封装的策略;(2)提出了空间信息Web服务链接和服务组合的串联、并联和混联模式,通过三种模式服务链的设计,可以实现多个服务的链接和组合,从而完成空间信息以及应用集成。     

中国入境旅游规模分布特征及其变化

基于规模分布模型的应用探讨,本文利用1999～2008年中国各地市的入境旅游人数数据,分析了中国入境旅游规模分布及其内部结构的特征与变化.结果表明:由于受规模下降趋势变化的影响,以相同门槛规模为取样标准所得的规模分布系数在时间纵向上将具不可比性,此时以相同地区取样的分析结果进行比较分析将更具合理性.全国与东部、中部与西...     

不同预处理方法对尕海沉积物粒度测试的影响

湖泊沉积物粒度是研究湖区古环境演化的一个重要代用指标,粒度测量结果与预处理方法密切相关。从柴达木尕海湖岩心钻孔取48个样品,采用五种预处理方法,运用马尔文2000激光粒度仪进行粒度分析。结果显示经过预处理后平均粒径有不同程度的变细。单独加入H2O2除去样品中的有机质后,粒度分散变细最为明显,变幅可达10%左右,单独加入(NaPO3)6或H2O2处理后,>63μm(粗颗粒组分)粒径百分含量降低8个百分点左右。单独加蒸馏水浸泡、单独加HCl除去碳酸盐类胶结物和先后加H2O2、HCl(、NaPO3)6处理这三种方法分散效果不明显。23～33号样品对预处理的灵敏度最差,其他样品灵敏度稍好,但总体上尕海湖沉积物对预处理作用不敏感。对于性质类似的盐湖沉积物粒度测试,本文推荐加H2O2进行预处理。     

Varved sediments of Lake Yoa (Ounianga Kebir,Chad) reveal progressive drying of the Sahara during the last 6100 years

The sedimentological and geochemical properties of a 7·47 m long laminated sequence from hypersaline Lake Yoa in northern Chad have been investigated, representing a unique, continuous 6100 year long continental record of climate and environmental change in the eastern Central Sahara. These data were used to reconstruct the Mid to Late Holocene history of this currently hyper‐arid region, in order to address the question of whether the Mid Holocene environmental transition from a humid to a dry Sahara was progressive or abrupt. This study involved a suite of analyses, including petrographic and scanning electron microscope examination of thin sections, X‐ray diffraction, X‐radiography, granulometry, loss on ignition and magnetic susceptibility. The potential of micro‐X‐ray fluorescence core scanning was tested at very high resolution. Detailed microscopic investigation revealed the sedimentary processes responsible for the formation of the fine laminations, identified the season during which they were formed, and confirmed their annually rhythmic nature. High‐resolution X‐ray fluorescence core scanning allowed the distinction of each individual lamination over the entire record, opening new perspectives for the study of finely laminated sediment sequences. Geochemical and mineralogical data reveal that, due to decreasing monsoon rainfall combined with continuous and strong evaporation, the hydrologically open and fresh Mid Holocene Lake Yoa slowly evolved into the present‐day hypersaline brine depleted in calcium, which has existed for about the past 1050 years. During the oldest part of the investigated period, Lake Yoa probably contained a permanently stratified lower water column that was nevertheless disrupted relatively frequently by mixing events. Deep‐water anoxia became more stable because of increased salinity‐driven density stratification. In parallel, the sediment grain‐size proxies record a progressive increase of aeolian input in the course of the last 6100 years. Altogether, all geochemical and sedimentological indicators point to a progressive drying of the eastern Central Sahara, strengthening previous conclusions based on palaeoecological indicators.     

辽宁瓦房店金伯利岩中石榴石特征及种类鉴定

辽宁瓦房店金刚石矿区金伯利岩中的石榴石一直被当作镁铝榴石。为了确定矿区颜色复杂的石榴石种类,本文对矿区的石榴石进行了系统的采样分析,测定了112件石榴石样品的晶胞参数、50件样品的微区化学成分和40件样品的红外光谱。利用石榴石晶胞参数、红外光谱、化学成分和化学分子式方法对矿区石榴石进行分类,结果显示:晶胞参数分类法误差大,容易得出错误结论;红外图谱分类法准确度不高,只能作为参考方法;化学成分分类法太过笼统,达不到详细划分石榴石种类的目的;化学分子式分类法可把矿区的石榴石详细划分6个矿种:镁钙铁-铝铬铁榴石、镁铁钙-铝铬铁榴石、镁钙铁-铝铬榴石、镁钙-铝铬铁镁榴石、镁铁钙-铝铬榴石、镁铁钙-铝铁铬榴石,每种石榴石都充分反映了A、B离子的种类及占位特征,是4种分类方法中最为科学的方法。研究认为瓦房店金刚石矿区金伯利岩中石榴石A端元成分以Mg²⁺离子占位为主;B端元成分以Al³⁺离子占位为主。由于阳离子替代普遍,A、B端元成分复杂,瓦房店金伯利岩中不存在单纯意义上的镁铝榴石。     

FT-IR measurements of cold C3H8 cross sections at 7–15 μm for Titan atmosphere

We present absorption cross sections of propane (C₃H₈) at temperatures from 145 K to 297 K in the 690–1550 cm⁻¹ region. Pure and N₂-broadened spectra were measured at pressures from 3 Torr to 742 Torr using a Bruker IFS125 FT-IR spectrometer at JPL. The gas absorption cell, developed at Connecticut College, was cooled by a closed-cycle helium refrigerator. The cross sections were measured and compiled for individual spectra recorded at various experimental conditions covering the planetary atmosphere and Titan. In addition to the cross sections, a propane pseudoline list with a frequency grid of 0.005 cm⁻¹, was fitted to the 34 laboratory spectra. Line intensities and lower state energies were retrieved for each line, assuming a constant width. Validation tests showed that the pseudoline list reproduces discrete absorption features and continuum, the latter contributed by numerous weak and hot band features, in most of the observed spectra within 3%. Based on the pseudoline list, the total intensity in the 690–1550 cm⁻¹ region was determined to be 52.93 (±3%) × 10⁻¹⁹ cm⁻¹/(molecule cm⁻²) at 296 K; this value is within 3% of the average from four earlier studies. Finally, the merit of the pseudoline approach is addressed for heavy polyatomic molecules in support of spectroscopic observation of atmospheres of Titan and other planets. The cold cross sections will be submitted to the HITRAN database (hitran.harvard.edu), and the list of C₃H₈ pseudolines will be available from a MK-IV website of JPL (http://mark4sun.jpl.nasa.gov/data/spec/Pseudo).     

Deciphering late Quaternary land snail shell δO and δC from Franchthi Cave (Argolid,Greece)

This paper investigates the stable isotopic composition from late Pleistocene–Holocene (~ 13 to ~ 10.5 cal ka BP) shells of the land snail Helix figulina, from Franchthi Cave (Greece). It explores the palaeoclimatic and palaeoenvironmental implications of the isotope palaeoecology of archaeological shells at the time of human occupation of the cave. Modern shells from around the cave were also analysed and their isotopic signatures compared with those of the archaeological shells. The carbon isotope composition of modern shells depicts the consumption of C₃ vegetation. Shell oxygen isotopic values are consistent with other Mediterranean snail shells from coastal areas. Combining empirical linear regression and an evaporative model, the δ¹⁸Os suggest that modern snails in the study area are active during periods of higher relative humidity and lower rainfall δ¹⁸O, probably at night. Late glacial and early Holocene δ¹⁸Os show lower values compared to modern ones. Early Holocene δ¹⁸Os values likely track enhanced moisture and isotopic changes in the precipitation source. By contrast, lower late glacial δ¹⁸O could reflect lower temperatures and δ¹⁸Op, compared to the present day. Shell carbon isotope values indicate the presence of C₃ vegetation as main source of carbon to late glacial and early Holocene snails.     

烷基萘分子稳定碳同位素组成演变的热模拟实验及其意义

萘及烷基萘是原油和沉积有机质的重要组成。目前对于烷基萘单体稳定碳同位素组成随有机质成熟作用加深的演变特征鲜见报道。本研究选取松辽盆地杜601井嫩一段低熟黑色泥岩进行热压模拟生烃实验,采用两步柱色谱层析技术分离烷基萘化合物使其达到稳定碳同位素的在线准确测定,从而厘定有机质不同成熟阶段烷基萘单体稳定碳同位素组成分布面貌。实验结果显示,不同模拟实验温度点排出的一甲基萘(MNs)和二甲基萘(DMNs)各异构体具有相对一致的稳定碳同位素值,分别介于–29.5‰~–29.3‰和–30.9‰~–30.5‰之间,这可能与生烃过程中干酪根的非均一性裂解有关;三甲基萘(TMNs)各异构体之间稳定碳同位素值差异较大,介于–36.8‰~–31.1‰之间,这可能与生源效应有关;其中,1,2,5-TMN稳定碳同位素组成偏轻,介于–36.8‰~–35.6‰之间,可能是细菌来源的藿类化合物降解及其芳构化的产物。实验结果表明,随着有机质热演化作用的加深,烷基萘单体稳定碳同位素组成变化介于0.8‰~1.4‰之间,基本在仪器测试误差范围之内,反映成熟作用所导致的烷基萘单体稳定碳同位素动力学分馏较小。因此,烷基萘单体稳定碳同位素组成可以成为油-源和油-油对比的潜在指标。