Toxicity of five phenolic compounds to brine shrimp Artemia sinica (Crustacea: Artemiidae)

The acute toxicity of five phenolic compounds each to 15 d old Artemia sinica was determined in this study. The brine shrimp A. sinica was hatched from the encysted dry eggs(Bohai Bay Brand) produced by Dongying Ocean Artemia Co., Ltd., China at 27℃± 1℃ in pre-filtered(through pores of 0.45 μm in diameter) and autoclaved seawater(salinity 31, pH 7.5–8.0) in a cilindroconical glass beaker(2000 mL in volume) under continuous illumination(provided by a side set 20 W fluorescent lamp) with slight aeration. Ten Artemia individuals from the same batch of the hatched were cultured in 10 mL toxicant solution prepared with seawater(salinity 31, pH 7.5–8.0) at room temperature(about 20℃) to determine 24 h, 48 h and 72 h medium lethal concentration(LC50) of 5 phenolic compounds each. It was found that the toxicity of n-heptylphenol was the highest followed by nonylphenol, t-butylphenol, 2,4-dichlorophenol and bisphenol A in order. The LC50 values of the 5 compounds were calculated with regression analysis. The real concentration(in μg- L1) of 5 phenolic compounds each in toxicant solutions was measured with GC/MS analysis. Significant loss of phenolic compounds caused by either adsorption or desorption was not found. The significant difference of LC50 values was found among the five compounds 3 exposure times each. The range between the highest no-observed-effect concentration(NOEC) and 100% death causing concentration of five phenolic compounds each was determined. The toxicity in term of 24 h LC50 value of n-HP was 9.10 times higher than that of BPA, 1.71 times higher than t-BP, 1.53 times higher than 2,4-DCP and 1.36 times higher than NP, respectively.     

半干旱地区沙地麻黄人工栽培技术研究

在深入研究麻黄野生生长特性的基础上,对在半干旱沙地开展麻黄人工栽培过程中的苗木繁育、栽培管理等相关的技术问题进行了较深入的研究。结果表明:①1%浓度的尿素溶液和糖液分别可使麻黄种子发芽率提高10%和26.3%,浓度≥3%时对种子发芽不利;②苗木栽植前应用水或50mg·kg^-1生根粉液浸根,浸根后可提高苗木成活率8%~10%;③栽植麻黄最好选择平坦沙壤地,以利麻黄的高产稳产,流动半流动沙地也可种植,但种植前应进行地面防沙处理;④栽植后应加强水肥管理,特别是要适量追施化肥,用量为尿素11.25g·m^-2加二铵11.25g·m^-2;⑤麻黄人工栽植可提高其有效成份麻黄碱含量,改善其品质。     

中华假磷虾碳氮收支的实验研究

实验室培养条件下,以新近孵化的卤虫(Artemiasalina)为食物,观测中华假磷虾(Pseudeuphau siasinica)雌性成体、仔虾和后期带叉幼体的碳氮收支.实验表明摄食率随食物浓度的升高呈线性提高,成体未出现饱和现象,反映其较高的摄食潜力.呼吸率(碳消耗率)与碳的摄食率及同化率分别呈线性正相关,比动力作用分别为9%~16%(摄入碳)和10%~17%(同化碳)以后期幼体更小.总氮排泄率与氮的摄食率及同化率也分别呈显著正相关,但仔虾例外.排粪率随摄食率升高而提高,从而同化效率与摄食率无关,介于0.84~0.95.食物氮源是中华假磷虾生长的主要限制因子,当摄食率低于10μg/(mg·d)(干重)时,假磷虾呈负生长.同化的氮以排泄消耗为主,体质生长次之,而蜕皮损失最少.同化的碳也以呼吸消耗和体质生长居多,但随摄食率有变化,蜕皮损失最少.在成熟雌体,估算的生殖生长(碳、氮)比蜕皮损失略高.净生长效率随摄食率(及同化率)升高而升高.达一定值后,仔虾和后期带叉幼体净生长效率略有下降.     

东海双壳类笋螂科一新种——中华笋螂

笋螂科一新种——中华笋螂Pholodomya(Nipponopanacca)sinica sp. nov.系于1981年采自东海冲绳海槽。新种的主要特征是壳表具粗糙的同心生长纹,较大的粒状突起遍布壳的表面。在壳顶附近这些粒状突起呈放射状排列,在壳的近边缘处则排列无序。     

马桑根瘤的固氮活性与呼吸强度

马桑Coriaria sinica根瘤固氮与呼吸作用具有一定的依赖关系。根瘤的二氧化碳呼出量与乙烯生成量之日平均比值(CO_2:C_2H_4值)为6.263±1.202。此值在一定程度上反映了固氮对能量的需求,但受土壤温度和湿度的影响而变化甚大。     

ON THE FAMILY LYONSIIDAE (MOLLUSCA:BIVALVIA), WITH DESCRIPTION OF A NEW GENUS AND SPECIES FROM THE CHINA SEAS

The present paper deals with 4 species of Family Lyonsiidae , collected from the China Seas : one new genus and new species, Sinolyonsia sinica gen . et sp. nov, one species, Lyonsia kawamurai recorded for the first time from the China Seas , and 2 species L . ventricosa Gould and Agriodesma navicula (Adams et Reeve) reported previously from the Yellow Sea by the author .     

福建省沿海鱚属（Sillago）鱼类新纪录种——中国鱚（Sillago sinica Gao and Xue,2011）

本研究报道了在福建省晋江和厦门近海采集到的新记录种——中国鱚,将其分布区向南延伸至福建省沿海,并对采集到的中国鱚进行形态特征的重新描述,及扩增其DNA条形码.中国鱚的主要鉴别特征为：第一背鳍鳍膜具不规则的、呈弥散状的黑色斑点,由前往后逐渐稀疏;第二背鳍沿鳍条具3～4行规则的黑色斑点;侧线上鳞数为6～7;脊椎骨数为37～39.结合Gen Bank中鱚属鱼类的同源序列进行比对研究,结果显示本研究采集到的中国鱚与中国鱚模式种聚类到一起,并与其余种类明显分开,在遗传距离和氨基酸水平上与其他种类产生了明显地分化,进一步证明了DNA条形码能高效快速的鉴别鱚属鱼类.本研究为鱚属鱼类分类与研究提供理论基础,通过调查发现中国鱚主要分布在有大量淡水注入的河口区,南至韩国光阳沿海,北至中国福建省沿海,数量较少并不能形成渔汛.