Some effects of eutrophication and the removal of aquatic plants by grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) on rainbow trout (Salmo gairdnerii) in Lake Parkinson,New Zealand

Temporary removal of aquatic plants in Lake Parkinson, a small, eutrophic dune lake, resulted in a number of changes to the population of stocked rainbow trout (Salmo gairdnerii). During each summer the lake stratified and low oxygen levels limited the distribution of trout to shallow (0–4 m) surface waters. In the first summer following weed removal the numbers of black shags (Phallacrocorax carbo) counted at the lake increased, and their predation resulted in a decline in trout density. However, the growth rate and condition of the trout population then exceeded that of trout present before weed removal. During the second summer after weed removal a cladoceran bloom was followed by low phytoplankton levels and high ammonia concentrations. A prolonged calm compounded this situation with the result that oxygen levels in bottom and surface waters dropped below 2 ppm. These low oxygen levels eliminated the trout population, but other fish species present survived. Elimination of aquatic plants affected the population dynamics of other fish species in the lake with potential implications for the trout. The experiment demonstrated the importance of weed beds in maintaining a stable fish community in lakes such as Lake Parkinson.     

Deep scattering layers resolved by narrow‐beam echo sounder along 35°s in the south pacific

The narrow‐beam echo sounder (3.5° half angle, 20 kHz) is capable of resolving the configuration of deep scattering layers to 750 m and was used to study the ecology and population density of organisms that make up the layers. Several layers to 1,000 m depth were identified in the South Pacific Ocean, and the population densities calculated. Swimming speeds of possible predators are estimated at 0.2–0.3 m.sec‐¹. Among organisms calculated to range in length from 0.01 m to 0.07 m, the larger were interpreted as grazing on smaller organisms, after comparing results from two echo sounders of 12 kHz and 20 kHz frequencies respectively.     

大兴安岭西坡额仁陶勒盖银多金属矿区火山岩岩石成因及其地质意义:年代学、地球化学特征

为揭示额仁陶勒盖银矿床火山岩与成矿作用的关系,对矿区内赋矿围岩火山岩展开了系统的年代学和元素地球化学研究。成果揭示:(1)赋矿围岩粗面安山岩的单颗粒锆石U-Pb年龄为(173.4±4.6)Ma;(2)粗面安山岩具有富集大离子亲石元素、亏损高场强元素以及弱的负铕异常的特征;对比洋壳成分,成矿元素呈现强烈亏损V、Cr、Ni、Co、Mo、Cu,富集W、Bi、Pb和相对富集Au、As、Sb、Te以及相似的Zn、Ag、B含量为特征。结合前人的研究成果,认为矿区内火山岩是成矿早期的产物,岩浆起源于流体交代过的大洋性质的岩石圈地幔,岩浆演化过程中有少量斜长石等矿物分离结晶作用和微弱的地壳物质混染,形成的构造环境可能为华北板块、蒙古块体与西伯利亚板块对接碰撞后的初期地壳伸展环境,且该阶段火山作用不具有直接提供成矿流体的属性,提供成矿流体的岩浆作用可能是早白垩世早期石英二长斑岩岩浆(138 Ma)。     

Classification,metallogenesis and exploration of silver deposits in Daxing’anling of Inner Mongolia and its adjacent areas

By the end of 2020, 83 silver deposits (or ore occurrences), including four super-large-scale deposits, nine large-scale deposits, 33 medium-scale deposits and 37 small-scale deposits or ore occurrences, have been proved. The amount of silver metal exceeds 86000 t with average grade of 100 g/t, which makes Daxing’ anling region one of the the most important silver ore belt in China. However, the metallogenic characteristics and metallogenesis need to be clarified. The silver deposits in the study area are classified into three main types, which are magmatic hydrothermal vein type, continental volcano-subvolcanic type and skarn type, respectively. The supergiant deposits include the Shuangjianzishan deposit (silver metal amount of 15214 t with average grade of 138 g/t), the Baiyinchagandongshan deposit (silver metal amount of 9446 t with average grade of 187 g/t), the Huaobaote deposit (silver metal amount of 6852 t with average grade of 170 g/t), and the Fuxingtun deposit (silver metal amount of 5240 t with average grade of 196 g/t). The silver deposits are mainly distributed in the central and south of the Daxing’anling area, and mainly formed in the Yanshanian period. The silver polymetallic deposits in the Daxinganling area are significantly controlled by regional faults and the junction zone of volcanic rock basins and their margins. The north-east trending deep faults are the most important ore-controlling structures in this area. The distribution of silver polymetallic deposits along the main faults is obvious, and the intersection area of multiple groups of faults often form important mine catchments. The Permian is the most important ore-bearing formation in this area, but some important silver polymetallic deposits occur in Mesozoic volcanic basins or pre-Mesozoic strata. The magmatic rocks related to mineralization are mainly intermediate acidic or acidic intrusions, intermediate acidic lavas, pyroclastic rocks, and small intrusions of ultra-shallow or shallow facies of the Yanshanian Period. The mineralization element combination is mainly determined by the elemental geochemical background of surrounding rocks or source layers. In addition, the type of deposit, the distance from the mineralization center, and the degree of differentiation of ore-forming rock mass are also important influence factors. The article analyzes the prospecting prospects of each silver deposit type in the study area, discusses the relationship between mineralization center and deep prospecting, and proposes that porphyry silver deposits should be paid attention to. In the prospecting and exploration of silver deposits, comprehensive evaluation and multi-target prospecting need to be strengthened because silver can coexist or be associated with a variety of metals.©2022 China Geology Editorial Office.     

内蒙古突泉县大砬沟银多金属矿化区地质特征及找矿方向

大砬沟银多金属矿化区位于大兴安岭成矿带,是大兴安岭有色金属资源勘查重点地区之一,成矿条件十分有利,具有良好的找矿前景,区域内同一成矿带上已发现多处有色金属矿床。通过对突泉县大砬沟银多金属矿化区的区域地质、矿区地质、物探异常等综合研究分析,详细了解该区的矿化特征,获得了较好的找矿信息,总结矿床成因及找矿标志,并提出了成矿远景及找矿方向,为该地区下一步勘查工作提供了依据。     

浙江主要金,银矿同位素示踪与找矿评价研究

浙江三种不同类型的金、银矿床(璜山金矿、治岭头金-银矿和毫石银矿)的铅、锶同位素组成有显著的差别,这反映了三个矿床的不同来源和成因。璜山金矿床具低初始锶比值和低μ值或低放射成因铅,主要来自上地幔源区;治岭头金-银矿床具高初始锶比值和高μ值或高放射成因铅,以上地壳来源为主;毫石银矿床的铅、锶同位素比值介于上述两者之间,为壳幔混合来源。特征的铅同位素组成可以用来作为寻找不同类型矿床的标志。     

微波消解-石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定痕量银的研究

由于受到铌、锆的质谱干扰,使用电感耦合等离子体质谱法（ICP-MS）很难准确测定土壤和水系沉积物中的银。本文采用电感耦合等离子体串联质谱法（ICP-MS/MS）,通过研究⁹³Nb¹⁶O⁺、⁹¹Zr¹⁶OH₂⁺、⁹²Zr¹⁶OH⁺和¹⁰⁹Ag⁺在氦气、氧气和氨气中质谱信号变化,探讨不同碰撞/反应模式的干扰消除能力和消除机理。实验采用盐酸-硝酸-氢氟酸-高氯酸消解样品,选用氦气MS/MS模式、氧气MS/MS模式、氨气MS/MS模式、氨气Mass-Shift模式测定土壤和水系沉积物中的银含量。结果表明：在优化池气体流速后,四种模式下铌、锆对银的干扰程度分别降低20、1500、1500和2000多倍;方法检出限分别为0.005mg/kg、0.002mg/kg、0.003mg/kg和0.003mg/kg;准确度和精密度采用国家标准物质验证,测定值和标准值的相对误差分别在-1.4%~84.3%、-7.6%~7.2%、-15.0%~10.0%和-12.5%~8.6%之间,相对标准偏差（RSD）分别在1.5%~6.3%、1.4%~8.3%、1.4%~5.9%和0.7%~8.2%之间。氦气MS/MS模式消除干扰能力一般,仅适合测定铌、锆干扰较轻的样品;氧气MS/MS模式、氨气MS/MS模式、氨气Mass-Shift模式消除质谱干扰能力较强,可用于土壤和水系沉积物中痕量银的测定。与行业标准DZ/T 0279.11—2016相比,这三种方法检出限更低、测定范围更宽,并可实现多元素同时测定。

     

废光谱感光板中银的提取

废光谱感光板用自来水浸泡,剥离的乳胶经氢氧化钠和双氧水溶解后,在微酸性溶液中加入锌粉置换出银,银沉淀经过滤和硼砂与碳酸钠的混合熔剂熔炼后得到成品银锭。采用建立的方案提取废光谱感光板中成品银的纯度达到95．4％,工艺操作简便,成本低、环境污染小。     

刁泉银铜矿床金银赋存状态的研究

刁泉银铜矿是一个伴生金的大型次火山岩型矿床。矿石中的金银主要以金银的独立矿物形式存在,少数以类质同象赋存于黄铜矿、斑铜矿、辉铜矿、黄铁矿和方铅矿的晶格中。金银独立矿物的种数多达１１种以上,并以铜的硫化物为其主要载体,因而在选矿时金银大部分进入铜精矿中,其回收率均在８５％以上。