Nitrifying and Denitrifying Bacteria in Epiphytic Communities of Submerged Macrophytes in a Treated Sewage Channel

A quantification of nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria present in different compartments (water, sediments, submerged macrophytes) of a treated sewage channel was made to estimate their influence on the nitrogen balance and to assess the significance of macrophytes for nitrification and nitrogen conversions in general. Considerable numbers of autotrophic and heterotrophic nitrifying and denitrifiying bacteria were found to be present in the epiphytic communities of different species of submerged macrophytes of a treated sewage channel. Comparing the influence of the different compartments on total stream nitrification and denitrification it could be concluded that dense beds of submerged macrophytes particularly positively influence nitrification. Epiphytic nitrifiers were estimated to be as important for the total nitrification as nitrifiers in the sediment. Denitrification was mainly taking place in the sediment. The influence of the suspended nitrifiers and denitrifiers on the nitrogen balance was assumed to be negligible.     

长江口及其邻近海域表层沉积物粒径及生源要素分布特征

针对2015年长江口及其邻近海域所采集的43个表层沉积物样品,通过粒径分析以及生物硅(BSi)、总有机碳(TOC)和总氮(TN)等生源要素参数的测定,系统探讨了长江口表层沉积物粒径及生源要素的时空分布特征以及各要素的相互关系。结果表明:(1)长江口及其邻近海域表层沉积物组成以黏土质粉砂、粉砂质砂和砂为主。研究区域内,粒径组成呈现明显的"南细、北粗,近岸细、离岸粗"的分布特征,长江口及浙江近岸泥质区的表层沉积物粒度最细,中值粒径(Φ)在5以上;(2)调查海域表层沉积物中BSi含量在0.22%~1.82%之间,沉积物中粉砂、黏土含量及平均粒径(Φ)均与BSi含量呈显著正相关(P0.01),黏土矿物和粉砂较多的细颗粒沉积物更易累计和保存BSi;(3)TOC和TN的含量分别在0.04%~1.17%和0.01%~0.26%之间,其分布特征与沉积物中值粒径(Φ)和BSi的分布也有明显的正相关性,说明细颗粒沉积物更有利于有机质保存,表层沉积物中的硅藻可能是有机物的来源之一。     

Diplophos rebainsi Krefft & Parin, 1972, an addition to the mesopelagic fish fauna of New Zealand (note)

Plankton samples taken in the south‐western Pacific Ocean and the Tasman Sea have provided, for the first time in these waters, a series of individuals of the gonostomatid Diplophos rebainsi. Observations are presented on some of the prejuvenile and adult features and on the seasonal distribution of prejuveniles off New Zealand.     

内蒙产高烧失低品位硅藻土的提纯及碳化性能

针对内蒙产高烧失低品位硅藻土的提纯,采用水洗[CD*2]焙烧工艺进行了实验。探索了水选次数、焙烧条件等对提纯效果的影响。采用XRD、FTIR、SEM、BET和化学分析等方法对提纯试验获得的产物进行了表征。结果表明:采用水选法可以实现石英、长石和黏土类杂质的去除,有机质的去除采用600 ℃焙烧就可以获得理想的提纯效果。提纯硅藻土SiO₂质量分数达到82.98%以上,比表面积可达44.5 m²/g,堆积体积达21 mL/10g。在隔绝空气条件下焙烧水选提纯土,获得的碳化硅藻土与橡胶相容性好,可替代半补强炭黑。     

海带中抑藻活性化合物的分离及抑藻活性分析

以2000 g海带为原料、米氏凯伦藻为测试微藻,采用甲醇浸提、液液萃取、硅胶柱层析、Seph-adax LH-20凝胶柱层析和硅胶薄层层析等分离方法,纯化可能具有抑藻活性的化合物,制备到5个薄层纯样品,B21(1.39 g)、B131(0.51 g)、B132(0.48 g)、C211(0.016 g)和C212(0....     

Optimization of the purification methods for recovery of recombinant growth hormone from Paralichthys olivaceus

This study aimed to optimize the purification of recombinant growth hormone from Paralichthys olivaceus. Recombinant flounder growth hormone (r-fGH) was expressed by Escherichia coli in form of inclusion body or as soluble protein under different inducing conditions. The inclusion body was renatured using two recovery methods, i.e., dilution and dialysis. Thereafter, the refolded protein was purified by Glutathione Sepharase 4B affinity chromatography and r-fGH was obtained by cleavage of thrombin. For soluble products, r-fGH was directly purified from the lysates by Glutathione Sepharase 4B affinity chromatography. ELISA-receptor assay demonstrated that despite its low receptor binding activity, the r-fGH purified from refolded inclusion body had a higher yield (2.605 mgL-1) than that from soluble protein (1.964 mgL-1). Of the tested recovery methods, addition of renaturing buffer (pH 8.5) into denatured inclusion body yielded the best recovery rate (17.9%). This work provided an optimized purification method for high recovery of r-fGH, thus contributing to the application of r-fGH to aquaculture.     

Preparation of hemocyanin polyclonal antibody and the identification of 35 kDa hemocyanin fragment in HaHotis diversicolor Reeve

以杂色鲍（Haliotis diversicolor Reeve）为研究对象,通过密度梯度离心方法纯化得到高纯度血蓝蛋白,以其作为抗原皮下注射免疫新西兰大白兔,从而获得高效价的兔源多克隆抗血清。进一步通过ProteinA抗原亲和纯化的方法对该抗血清纯化,最终获得效价更高、检测特异性更好的血蓝蛋白多克隆抗体。应用该抗体进行Western检测发现,鲍血淋巴中存在着多样的血蓝蛋白衍生产物;进一步结合质谱技术对其中35kDa条带进行鉴定发现,其来源于血蓝蛋白I型亚基的H结构域。     

菲律宾蛤仔碱性磷酸酶的分离纯化及部分性质研究

经Tris-HCl缓冲液浸提、硫酸铵分级沉淀盐析、DEAE-Sepharose Fast Flow离子交换层析和Sephadex G-75凝胶过滤层析等步骤,从菲律宾蛤仔内脏团中分离得到碱性磷酸酶,SDS-PAGE显示为单一条带,提纯倍数为14.42,比活力达到131.08U/mg。酶学性质研究表明:该酶亚基分子量约44kD,最适反应温度为45℃,最适pH值为9.0,米氏常数Km为0.098mmol/L,最大反应速度Vmax为1.01μmol/(mL·min)。Ca2+、Mg2+对酶活力表现出显著的激活作用。     

红笛鲷NCCRP-1基因原核表达条件的优化及纯化

通过克隆编码红笛鲷(Lutjanus sanguineus)非特异性毒性细胞受体蛋白-1(nonspecific cytotoxic cell receptor protein-1,NCCRP-1)成熟肽基因序列,然后与载体连接构建pET21a-NCCRP融合蛋白表达载体,将其转入大肠杆菌BL21进行诱导表达并优化条件。SDS-PAGE分析表明,在异丙基-β-D-硫代半乳糖苷(IPTG)浓度0.8 mmol/L、37℃条件下培养3 h后表达量最大,分子大小与预期值相符,融合蛋白主要以包涵体形式高效表达,通过HisTrap HP柱子使其得到进一步纯化;Western blot分析表明,该融合蛋白可与鼠抗His-tag单克隆抗体发生特异性结合,说明获得该表达产物。     

一株南极细菌（Pseudoalteromonas sp.）对模拟海水养殖水体的净化作用

试验选用一株高产低温蛋白酶的南极细菌菌株Pseudoalteromonas sp. AN64,从溶解氧、化学需氧量、氨氮、亚硝态氮、pH值5个方面研究了南极细菌对养殖水体的影响。结果显示,随着饲料中蛋白质的散失,水体中蛋白质的含量在第7天达到高峰,溶解氧下降,化学需氧量持续上升,在第11天达最大值9.88 mg/L,并且维持在较高的水平。缺氧条件下,有害物质氨氮和亚硝态氮含量逐渐增加,在第9天和第11天分别达最大值0.65 mg/L和0.352 mg/L,而pH值持续下降,在第9天达最低值5.95。当水体中加入高产蛋白酶的南极菌株AN64后,蛋白质含量在第5天即达高峰,溶解氧无明显变化,化学需氧量在第7天达最高峰,比对照组提前4天,但含量仅约为后者的一半。同时,氨氮和亚硝态氮含量远低于对照组,分别仅为对照的47.7 %和26.5 %,而pH值有小幅下降,维持在6.85到7.52之间。由此可以看出,南极菌株产生的低温蛋白酶可以有效分解海水中的蛋白质,降低水体中的氨氮和亚硝态氮等有害物质,维持pH值的稳定性,为健康养殖提供了有效途径。