胶质芽孢杆菌－蒙脱石相互作用实验研究

利用硅酸盐细菌研究了微生物对硅酸盐矿物的分解作用。选取层状硅酸盐矿物蒙脱石在30℃与一株编号为3025的硅酸盐细菌B.mucilaginosus进行交互作用,并利用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪(ICP-AES)分析溶液中Si、Al、Mg离子的出溶量,利用X射线衍射(XRD)和显微红外光谱(Micro-FTIR)分析微生物作用后矿物物相和微结构变化。发现经硅酸盐细菌作用后,蒙脱石化学成分及晶体结构发生了细微变化,为微生物活动促进粘土矿物分解作用研究提供了实验和理论依据。     

硅酸盐细菌GY03菌株的絮凝特性

从土壤中筛选分离到一株硅酸盐细菌GY03菌株，对其絮凝特性进行了研究。结果表明，GY03菌株营养要求简单，在生长的同时合成胞外高聚物，具有良好的絮凝性能。GY03菌株所产絮凝物质有88％以上分布在细胞表面，该絮凝剂的絮凝活性随菌体生长量的增加而同步增高，不同金属离子对GY03菌株絮凝活性有影响。实验条件下，1h内GY03菌株所产生的微生物絮凝剂对高岭土悬浮液絮凝率为78％，经放置24h后最高絮凝率可达98％，对制药废水浊度去除率为78．1％～94．7％，COD去除率为48．0％-87．5％，生活污水浊度去除率为85．3％～92．5％，对墨汁溶液的脱色率为53．2％以上。因而认为该菌株是一种很有应用前景的絮凝剂产生菌。     

水分和氮肥对冬小麦产量的影响及其调控技术

通过对冬小麦进行不同水分等级和不同施氮量的控制试验,利用数理统计和数学分析方法,从水分利用效率和经济效益角度,分析了水分和氮素对冬小麦产量的影响及其相互作用的关系,提出了河南省冬小麦砂壤土的水肥配置模式,经生产检验,这种模式是可行的。     

市场经济体制执行地质勘探规范的有关问题讨论

市场经济体制下地质勘探工作的资金投入一般要由开采单位负担,而这部分资金属于前期投入,需要贷款来解决,现行的地质勘探规范已难适应地质工作的需要。在有一定工作基础的中小型矿山地质勘探工作中,对矿体的控制、水文地质、矿石可选性试验等工作程度,高级储量比例,勘查周期等方面,宜根据实际情况,合理的加以确定。     

钙同位素地球化学研究新进展及其在碳酸岩-共生硅酸盐研究中的应用

作为"非传统稳定同位素"家族成员,钙同位素正受到国际地学界日益广泛的关注。钙是主要的造岩元素,也是生物必需的元素。钙在地球各圈层广泛分布,研究钙同位素的地球化学行为将有助于提高我们对各种生物过程和地质过程的认识。钙同位素测定主要采用热电离质谱仪(TIMS)和多接收电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(MC-ICP-MS),分别表示为δ^44/40Ca和δ^44/42Ca。目前自然界可观测到的δ^44/40Ca变化范围为-2.0‰～6.75‰,约8.7‰。本文系统介绍了近年来钙同位素分析中样品溶解、化学分离、质谱测定以及高温地质过程中的钙同位素分馏及其地质应用等方面的研究成果,尤其对钙同位素在碳酸岩-共生硅酸盐岩研究中的意义、钙同位素组成以及取得的主要认识作了较为全面的介绍。阐述了放射成因⁴⁰Ca、部分熔融作用/分离结晶作用、地壳同化作用、古俯冲碳酸盐循环、热液蚀变作用、岩浆起源深度等对碳酸岩、硅酸盐岩的钙同位素组成造成的影响。最后,通过系统对比碳酸岩-共生硅酸盐岩的锂、镁、钙同位素研究成果,认为应该开展多元同位素体系的...     

青海省柴达木地区钾肥生产企业粉尘、噪声主要职业病危害的调查分析

青海是我国资源较为丰富的省份,钾盐资源的开发及钾肥生产在国内占有重要地位。随着青海高原地区盐湖钾肥产业的迅速发展,相关部门对该行业职业卫生、职业病防治工作日渐重视。通过大量的现场数据收集、整理,对青海高原地区盐湖钾肥行业作业人员面临的职业病危害因素、健康安全等相关问题进行了总结和分析,提出了有针对性的防范措施。     

Precise and Accurate Doping of Nanoporous Silica Gel for the Synthesis of Trace Element Microanalytical Reference Materials

This study presents an experimental procedure to fabricate high‐purity silica glass containing a selected element at a specified mass fraction. The procedure was used to prepare glasses doped with trace‐level mass fractions of Ti with the goal of improving analytical confidence when measuring trace elements in quartz. Systematic tests were performed to determine the ideal conditions and procedures for doping nanoporous silica gel with the highest efficiency of dopant recovery. Silica gel was cleaned in concentrated HCl, immersed in a non‐polar doping medium at a controlled pH and doped with precise quantities of ICP‐MS standard solution. Using liquids composed of longer chain molecules as the doping medium diminishes recovery, suggesting that large molecules could obstruct nanopores to inhibit capillary uptake of the dopant. A control experiment using crystalline quartz reinforced the effectiveness of nanoporous silica gel for doping with trace‐level precision. Layered aggregates of silica gel doped with different Ti mass fractions were hot‐pressed to create multi‐layered reference materials that were analysed with multiple techniques at a variety of spatial scales. Analyses at the intra‐grain scale (cathodoluminescence scanning electron microscopy, electron probe microanalysis), at the single grain scale (SIMS), at the sample layer scale (EPMA, laser ablation‐ICP‐MS) and at the bulk scale (ICP‐OES) demonstrated acceptable homogeneity at sample volumes characteristic of most microanalysis techniques and show that nanoporous silica gel holds promise as a highly retentive doping substrate for preparing reference materials for laser‐, electron‐ and ion‐beam microanalysis.     

胶州湾沉积物-海水界面硅的交换速率及其影响因素探讨

采用实验室培养法在原位温度和溶氧条件下测定了胶州湾沉积物-海水界面硅的交换速率,并探讨了相关环境因子对界面交换速率的影响机制。结果表明,胶州湾沉积物-海水界面硅的交换表现为从沉积物向水体释放,其交换速率在947~4 889 μmol/（m2·d）范围内,平均速率为1 819 μmol/（m2·d）。表层沉积物中叶绿素a（Chl a）和总有机碳（TOC）是影响胶州湾沉积物-海水界面硅交换速率的主要环境因子,同时表层沉积物的含水率（φ）、生源硅（BSi）和粘土含量以及间隙水中溶解硅酸盐（DSi）对沉积物-海水界面硅的交换也有重要影响。由此可推知,胶州湾沉积物-海水界面硅的交换速率主要受生物活动和溶解-扩散双重过程调控,而表层沉积物粒度与底层水体中DSi对胶州湾硅的释放影响较小。     

控释海水植物肥中氮、磷的测定

为评价控释肥的肥效，探讨、建立了相应的氮、磷测定方法。用硫酸作消解剂，消解液可以同时被用来测定氮、磷。钼锑抗坏血酸络合物作为显色剂，用紫外可见分光光度计测定磷的浓度；用改良式微量凯氏定氮蒸馏滴定法测定氮的含量。该方法灵敏、准确，易操作。用海水浸泡自制的控释海水植物肥样品(编号：MRF-0201．中速型)，运用建立的氮、磷测定方法测定浸取液中的氮、磷含量，实验证明该方法可以用于研究控释海水植物肥在海水中的氮、磷的化学动力学行为。     

Nutrient Cycling and a Stoichiometric Model in Epidavros, a Deep Basin in the Aegean Sea

Abstract. The nutrient cycling of Epidavros, a deep basin in the Saronikos Gulf, was studied in relation to various environmental factors during 1973–1976 at a station characterized by stagnant conditions. The regeneration of nutrients was related to the consumption of oxygen, and a seasonal nutrient cycle occurred with low nutrient concentrations in the spring and summer, followed by high nutrient levels in autumn and winter. In addition high values of nitrate and silicate were observed in the deeper waters, which tended to be anoxic, although the water masses were renewed during spring 1974. The distribution pattern of nutrients together with nutrient ratios were compared with previous studies of the same and neighbouring areas as well as of other isolated basins. A stoichiometric model indicates that plankton organisms in the Epidavros basin have approximate atomic ratios for C: N: P of 150: 14:1, while the ratio of change for nitrogen and phosphorus in the water is only 8.8:1 by atoms. This is probably because of the slow rate of regeneration of nitrogenous material and/or assimilation and regeneration in organic forms. The water/plankton relation in the Epidavros basin appears to be very similar to that in the Baltic Sea.