长效硅钾肥对甘蔗产量及含糖量影响初探

长效硅钾肥是一个钾肥的新品种，为了探索其肥效，在甘蔗上施用了长效硅钾肥和氯化钾。试验结果表明：在甘蔗上施用长效硅钾肥不仅能提高甘蔗的产量和甘蔗的糖分含量，而且能增强甘蔗的抗逆性，还对甘蔗县有催熟作用，可使甘蔗提前15天收获，肥效明显优于施用氯化钾肥。     

Infrared observation and the energy distribution of silicate carbon stars

Near-infrared photometry of all 11 silicate carbon stars north of declination −10° is made. Combined with available data in the visible range and from IRAS, we discuss their distribution on the infrared two-color diagrams and their spectral distribution, and we compare with the results for normal carbons and so ascertain their evolutionary status.     

微量元素提高水稻产量的应用试验研究

浙北平原区水稻微量试验Mo、Zn、B肥效果最为显著。早稻施Mo肥（0．3％浓度）增产20．0％,Zn肥（0．5％浓度）增产18．5％,B肥（0．5％浓度）增产12.3％;晚稻Mo肥（0．3％浓度）增产21．6％,B肥增产15．0％。由此证实了利用区域地球化学基础资料进行农业地球化学开发应用可以获得较好的社会效益和经济效益。     

中国农用化肥氮磷钾需求比例的研究

本研究以作物能够吸收的有效养分为基础,根据作物生长的养分吸收量计算单位播种面积上农作物养分需要量,逐一差减土壤和有机肥提供的养分量,求出单位播种面积上农作物对化肥养分的需要量,在广泛查阅和搜集前人试验资料的基础上,对搜集到的原始数据进行认真的分析,整理,然后采用计算机模拟方法进行预测,预测结果指出。２０００年农用化肥氮磷钾的消费比例为１：０．３８：０．２５。     

The effect of Al3+, Fe3+, and Ti4+ on the configurational heat capacities of sodium silicate liquids

The heat capacities of 29 glasses and supercooled liquids in the Na₂O-SiO₂, Na₂O-Al₂O₃-SiO₂, Na₂O-(FeO)-Fe₂O₃-SiO₂, and Na₂O-TiO₂-SiO₂ systems were measured in air from 328 to 998 K with a differential scanning calorimeter. The reproducibility of the data determined from multiple heat capacity runs on a single crystal MgO standard is within ± 1% of the accepted values at temperatures ≤ 800 K and within ± 1.5% between 800 and 1000 K. Within the resolution of the data, the heat capacities of sodium silicate and sodium aluminosilicate liquids are temperature independent. Heat capacity data in the supercooled liquid region for the sodium silicates and sodium aluminosilicates were combined and modelled assuming a linear compositional dependence. The derived values for the partial molar heat capacities of Na₂O, Al₂O₃, and SiO₂ are 112.35 ± 0.42, 153.16 ± 0.82, and 76.38 ± 0.20 J/gfw · K respectively. The partial molar heat capacities of Fe₂O₃ and TiO₂ could not be determined in the same manner because the heat capacities of the Fe₂O₃- and TiO₂-bearing sodium silicate melts showed varying degrees of negative temperature dependence. The negative temperature dependence to the configurational C _P may be related to the occurrence of sub-microscopic domains (relatively polymerized and depolymerized) that break down to a more homogeneous melt structure with increasing temperature. Such an interpretation is consistent with data from in situ Raman, Mössbauer, and X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) spectroscopic studies on similar melts.     

利用山西省资源优势发展环保型有机无机复肥

山西省有三分之二的中低产田土壤急需改良,研制和扩大环保型有机无机复肥是山西农业可持续发展的需要。利用山西的几种可改良土壤的矿物原料和有机废料与无机化肥配合试制出的“长效肥力宝”是一种新的环保型有机无机矿物复混肥。经初步试验,结果表明其肥效优于常规化肥的增产效果,土壤的有机质和N、P、K等养分含量有明显的提高。发展该类产品既保护了环境,又促进了农业生产的发展。     

水肥耦合对玉米田间土壤水分运移的影响

以干旱区绿洲农田玉米水肥耦合试验为基础。利用含有根系吸水项的一维土壤水动力学模型,模拟了不同水肥条件下玉米蒸散、根系吸水、土体贮水量变化以及田间土壤水量平衡。结果表明：在玉米生长初期以棵间蒸发为主,其后则是以植株蒸腾为主;玉米在30-40cm土层吸水速率达到最大值;玉米灌水量为田间持水量的70％与85％对土壤0～80cm土层贮水量的贡献是相等的,并且高肥力在一定程度上可增强根系的吸水能力,高灌水可增强玉米根系对养分的吸收利用,但对于提高水肥利用率来说,理想的处理为中肥中水。     

PS加固土遗址土体的红外热像检测试验研究

红外热像技术作为一门新兴的无损检测技术,是基于被测对象温度场的变化规律而进行的,目前广泛应用于检测物体表面的结构状态、性质和内部缺陷等。为了探讨土遗址加固土体的无损检测方法,以新疆交河故城遗址现场采取的扰动土制作了模型。模型的1/2用浓度为10%PS（PS为一种高模数的硅酸钾溶液）加固,1/2不加固,将加固后的模型室温静置30 d,自然风干后进行了红外热像室内模型试验。试验表明,PS阻碍了土体的热传导过程,加固前后的土遗址土体在红外热像上会出现差异,为进行土遗址加固效果的无损检测提供了一种途径。最后进行了PS加固遗址土体的热传导率测定试验和微型贯入仪现场试验,结果表明加固土体与未加固土体的热传导性能产生差异的原因与经PS加固减小了土体的热传导率、提高了土体的力学强度有关     

Compositional effect on the pressure derivatives of bulk modulus of silicate melts

Although the bulk moduli (K_T0) of silicate melts have a relatively narrow range of values, the pressure derivatives of the isothermal bulk modulus (K_T0^′) can assume a broad range of values and have an important influence on the compositional dependence of the melt compressibility at high pressure. Based on the melt density data from sink/float experiments at high pressures in the literature, we calculate K_T0^′ using an isothermal equation of state (EOS) (e.g., Birch–Murnaghan EOS and Vinet EOS) with the previously determined values of room-pressure density (ρ₀) and room-pressure bulk modulus (K_T0). The results show that best estimates of K_T0^′ vary considerably from ~ 3 to ~ 7 for different compositions. K_T0^′ is nearly independent of Mg # (molar Mg/(Mg + Fe)), but decreases with SiO₂ content. Hydrous melts have anomalously small K_T0^′ leading to a high degree of compression at high pressures. For anhydrous melts, K_T0^′ is ~ 7 for peridotitic melts, ~ 6 for picritic melts, ~ 5 for komatiitic melts, and ~ 4 for basaltic melts.