春玉米生长发育、产量和籽粒品质对减量施氮的响应

针对当前东北地区过量施氮的问题,研究减量施氮对春玉米生长发育、产量及籽粒品质的影响,对优化氮肥的科学管理技术,促进春玉米生产绿色高效发展具有重要意义.本研究以丹玉405为试验材料,通过大田播种的方式,以农民习惯性施氮量为对照,设置11.1％、55.5％和100％三个水平减量施氮试验,分析春玉米生长发育、产量和籽粒品质对...     

排水条件下化肥流失的研究——现状与展望

探讨排水对化肥流失的影响;减少排水条件下化肥流失的合理施肥措施及排水方式。根据现有研究成果,从排水条件下化肥流失的野外试验研究和数值模拟研究两方面进行了论述,在此基础上提出该项研究需进一步探讨和解决的问题,为该课题的深入研究提供了有利条件。     

我国发现的钇硅磷灰石

我国首次发现的钇硅磷灰石产于河南含稀有金属的花岗岩内,为磷灰石型结构的硅酸盐矿物。乳白、玫瑰、棕色,实测比重4.35,一轴负晶,ω=1.784,ε=1.991。探针分析计算化学式为:(Y_(3.17)Ca_(1.56)Dy_(0.22)…)[(Si_(0.92)P_(0.03))O_4]_3(OH,F),P6_3/m,α=9.426±0.008,c=6.806±0.007。还进行了X射线粉晶衍射分析和红外吸收光谱分析,最后对具磷灰石型结构矿物种间阳离子、阴离子、附加阴离子之间的置换方式进行了讨论。     

不溶性含钾岩石工业提钾生产钾肥的不可行性再分析

针对当前有些拥有不溶性含钾岩石的地区,仍然积极推动含钾岩石的工业提钾生产钾肥的现状,本着科学决策、民主决策的精神,本文通过国内外含钾岩石研发的历史与现状,以及钾盐肥料产业的快速发展态势和市场分析,认为在今后一个相当长时间内,开发含钾岩石工业生产钾肥不是解决我国钾肥资源短缺的可行途径。把含钾岩石作为钾肥原料、工业生产可溶...     

闽西北地区萤石矿成矿地质规律及找矿方向

闽西北地区萤石矿几乎均分布在闽西北隆起带的次一级浦城-洋源隆起和邵武-建宁拗陷带上,带内发育的北东—北北东向压扭性断裂通过燕山早期花岗岩的部位,是矿床的集中分布区域,控矿断裂中破碎带发育且蚀变(硅化)强烈地段是最有利的成矿地段,该地段应成为今后找矿重点。     

The Nigerian manganese-rich iron-formations and their host rocks—from sedimentation to metamorphism

This investigation deals with the Nigerian iron-formations and their host rocks and is based on about 560 mineral analyses (electron-microprobe) and 93 whole-rock analyses (64 iron-formations and 29 host rocks). The manganese-rich and Al-bearing iron-formations occurring in various schist belts of the northern and southern part of West-Nigeria consist of the magnetite-free silicate, the magnetite–silicate and the quartz-rich hematite facies.Iron-formations and host rocks originated from submarine-volcanogenic exhalations enriched in Fe, Mn and CO₂ and from Al₂O₃, SiO₂ and alkali (K₂O and Na₂O)-rich continental-derived pelitic to psammitic material. From these sources and their interaction and controlled by the volcanogenic activity, differently composed protoliths were deposited in the marine basin during the Birimian time. Subsequent metamorphism of greenschist to low amphibolite facies conditions during the Eburnian time led to the formation of the metaprotoliths of the magnetite–silicate (consisting of predominantly magnetite and quartz and subordinate of garnet and amphibole), the silicate facies (consisting of garnet, amphibole and rarely Mn-bearing ilmenite and quartz) and the metasediment phyllite. Garnets are predominantly almandine–spessartine solid solutions, whereas amphiboles are Mn and Ca-bearing grunerite–cummingtonite solid solutions. In the course of a second tectono-metamorphic event of Pan-African age, the magnetite–silicate facies iron-formation/phyllite association was transformed into the hematite facies and muscovite/biotite schists, whereas the silicate facies is characterized by extensive silicification features. The hematite facies and the silicified silicate facies are restricted to southern Nigeria where the second and heterogeneous tectono-metamorphic event is more pronounced (amphibolite facies conditions) than in northern Nigeria.The genesis, summarized as the metamorphic model, shows that the carbonate-rich (siderite, rhodochrosite and subordinate magnesite and calcite) protoliths were metamorphically transformed into the silicate and magnetite–silicate facies. The separation of Mn and Fe, leading to manganese-bearing iron-formations and iron-bearing manganese-formations was explained by varying pH-conditions, under which siderite (pH: 6.8–9.4) and rhodochrosite (pH: 9–11) precipitated.Similar to the Gunfit and Biwabik iron-formations of Minnesota, USA, the iron-formation of Bingi (Maru schist belt), now present in the form of the fayalite bearing silicate facies, was overprinted by contact metamorphism caused by a gabbro intrusion.     

内蒙古达里诺尔含金云母辉石岩的发现及其地质意义

对华北克拉通北缘达里诺尔地区鸽子山附近玄武岩中的含金云母辉石岩捕虏体进行了岩石学、矿物学的研究,并对其中的单斜辉石、斜方辉石、金云母和粒间熔体进行了原位微区主、微量元素分析。结果显示,单斜辉石和斜方辉石具有低的Mg^#、Cr 2O 3和高的Al2O3含量,斜方辉石还具有高的MnO含量,这些特征表明辉石岩代表了交代熔体在地幔中冷却固结堆晶形成的岩脉。辉石岩中金云母、粒间熔体的出现及其不平衡的地球化学特征说明辉石岩形成以后又遭受到了多期次的硅酸盐熔体地幔交代作用。结晶出单斜辉石的母岩浆在蛛网图上具有K、Pb元素的弱负异常但不具有Nb、Ta、Ti元素的负异常,推测形成辉石岩的熔体可能来自软流圈地幔。粒间熔体的低SiO2,高MgO和FeO的特征指示其形成于地幔超基性岩的部分熔融,蛛网图上明显的K、Pb正异常以及Nb、Ta负异常说明其源区也存在俯冲沉积物的贡献。基于此,认为中国东部新生代岩石圈地幔经历了多期次地幔交代作用。     

Modelling ion composition in seepage water from a column experiment with an open cut coal mine sediment

Secondary reactions occurring in pyrite-containing sediments from open cut coal mines are complex and not fully understood. In this study, the changes in seepage water composition in a column experiment with a sediment containing pyrite (5.6 g kg⁻¹) were evaluated using a chemical equilibrium model. A column experiment with artificial irrigation (730 mm water yr⁻¹) was carried out for 2 yr with a sediment from the open pit mine Garzweiler, Germany, at the Institute of Applied Geology. Tracer (LiCl) was added to the sediment. Seepage water composition at 52 cm depth was sampled weekly. Redox potential and the water potential were also recorded weekly. Sulphate and Fe(II) were the dominant ions in the seepage water with concentration maxima of 500 and 350 mmol l⁻¹ after 50 days (0.7 pore volumes (PV)). Minimum pH values were around 0.8 after 100 days (1.4 PV), but increased subsequently and reached 2.4 after 700 days (9.5 PV). Ion activity product calculations indicated the intermediate formation of gypsum (19th–480th day of the experiment). Solutions were undersaturated with respect to alunite, jarosite, jurbanite, schwertmannite, melanterite, gibbsite and goethite during the whole experiment. The model of coupled equilibria which included inorganic complexation, precipitation/dissolution of gypsum and multiple cation exchange was tested. Pyrite oxidation and pH-dependent silicate weathering were considered using simple input functions. Transport was modelled using a field capacity cascade submodel. Model results showed satisfactory agreement with measured values for pH and concentrations of SO₄, Fe, Mg, Ca and Al. Correlation coefficients lay between 0.7 and 0.9 and linear regression coefficients (modelled against measured) were 1.5 (Ca), 1.0 (Fe, SO₄), 0.8 (Mg), 0.7 (pH) and 0.6 (Al). The results showed that the protons produced during pyrite oxidation (94 mmol_c H⁺ kg⁻¹) were mainly released into seepage water (as HSO₄⁻ and H⁺). Cation exchange reactions buffered 20 mmol_c of H⁺ kg⁻¹ sediment, and Al released by silicate weathering accounted for 3.6 mmol_c H⁺ kg⁻¹. Modelling was useful to further understand the significance of different pH buffer reactions.     

硅酸盐细菌在矿物表面上的吸附及其选择性——以正长石和黑云母为例

以硅酸盐细菌和正长石、黑云母为实验材料,研究了正长石和黑云母单独存在以及二者共存时,吸附时间和细菌浓度对硅酸盐细菌在其表面上吸附行为的影响。研究结果表明:1)硅酸盐细菌在正长石和黑云母上单位面积吸附量达到最大的时间分别为40min和30min,对应的细菌浓度分别为25×106个/mL和30×106个/mL;2)在细菌浓度相同时,无论是在正长石和黑云母单一矿物体系还是在二者共存体系中,正长石表面的单位面积吸附量始终大于黑云母;3)在正长石和黑云母共存体系中,硅酸盐细菌倾向于选择性吸附在正长石上,而且细菌浓度越大这种倾向越明显。实验结果有可能为研究矿物的微生物风化机理提供重要的信息。     

二连石——一种含铁和钒的硅酸盐新矿物

新矿物二连石(Erlianite)产于海相火山沉积硅质建造,经变质的铁矿层中的破碎带。矿物呈黑色,条痕褐色。晶体成纤维状、鳞片状,集合体为规则的板柱状。不透明,丝绢光泽。H_v=3.7kg/mm~2,D=3.11g/cm~3。解理(001)和(100)完全。斜方晶系。晶胞参数:a=23.20,b=9.20,c=13.18,Z=1,可能的空间群为Pmmn或Pm2_1n。二轴晶负光性,N_(?)=1.667,N_(?)=1.674,N_(?)=1.679,2V=56—59°。化学式为:(Fe~(2+)_(19·96)Fe~(3+)_(2·19)Mg_(1·33)Mn_(0·42))_(23·90)(Fe~(3+)_(11·32)V_((?)·68))_(12)(Si_(34·73)Ti_(0·26)Al_(0·20)Fe~(3+)_(0·81))_(36)O_(90)(OH,O)_(48)(单位晶胞氧原子总数O=138)。