加载次序引起的负摩阻力桩摩阻力分布的变化

简要分析了加载次序对于负摩阻力桩基桩土相互作用影响的机理。采用有限元方法计算比较了这种差异。计算结果表明,加载次序的变化会引起桩身摩阻力分布、中性点位置和下拉力的变化。桩身摩阻力的分布差异主要是桩身上部负摩阻力的大小,负摩阻力先出现时的负摩阻力值较小,这种状况在各级桩顶荷载下不会改变。负摩阻力先出现时,中性点的位置比较低,两者的差距随着桩顶荷载的增大而变得加大。负摩阻力先出现时下拽力小于桩顶荷载先施加的情况。这对于负摩阻力桩基检测的研究和应用是有益的。     

关于桩基软弱下卧层验算的几点认识

对于国内外不同的规范、手册中对于桩基软弱下卧层验算的不同方法进行了分析。提出以下的一些建议:承台底面以上的原地基土自重在附加应力计算时可以扣除,在总应力计算时再加上;扣除的群桩实体基础四周的摩阻力应使用群桩四周地基土的摩阻力特征值,而不是极限值;对于地下室中的独立柱的桩基础和内墙的条形桩基础,应当从地下室地面而不是原地面起算进行验算。     

基于平面应变试验的非饱和膨胀土强度分析

介绍了非饱和土强度理论的研究现状,总结了FREDLUND提出的吸力内摩擦角 的性质与规律研究,根据FREDLUND非饱和土强度理论和吸力内摩擦角 的计算方法,利用原状膨胀土的平面应变等应力比卸荷试验,分析得到土样破坏时应力状态下得到的吸力内摩擦角 > ,与FREDLUND提出的吸力内摩擦角 的变化规律不一致,分析认为,是由于卸荷试验过程导致微裂隙的张开,引起基质吸力的降低,有待于继续深入研究。     

Decomposition and Evolution of Intracontinental Strike-Slip Faults in Eastern Tibetan Plateau

Little attention had been paid to the intracontinental strike-slip faults of the Tibetan Plateau. Since the discovery of the Longriba fault using re-measured GPS data in 2003, an increasing amount of attention has been paid to this neglected fault. The local relief and transverse swath profile show that the Longriba fault is the boundary line that separates the high and flat tomography of the Tibet plateau from the high and precipitous tomography of Orogen. In addition, GPS data shows that the Longriba fault is the boundary line where the migratory direction of the Bayan Har block changed from eastward to southeastward. The GPS data shows that the Longriba fault is the boundary fault of the sub-blocks of the eastern Bayan Har block. We built three-dimensional models containing the Longriba fault and the middle segment of the Longmenshan fault, across the Bayan Har block and the Sichuan Basin. A nonlinear finite element method was used to simulate the fault behavior and the block deformation of the Eastern Tibetan Plateau. The results show that the low resistivity and low velocity layer acts as a detachment layer, which causes the overlying blocks to move southeastward. The detachment layer also controls the vertical and horizontal deformation of the rigid Bayan Har block and leads to accumulation strain on the edge of the layer where the Longmenshan thrust is located. After a sufficient amount of strain has been accumulated on the Longmenshan fault, a large earthquake occurs, such as the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. The strike slip activity of the Longriba fault, which is above the low resistivity and low velocity layer, partitions the lateral displacements of the Bayan Har block and adjusts the direction of motion of the Bayan Har block, from the eastward moving Ahba sub-block in the west to southeastward moving Longmenshan sub-block in the east.     

坡面流水力学参数对团聚体剥蚀程度的定量影响

土壤团聚体作为径流搬运过程中的基本结构单元,其在径流运移中的剥蚀破坏影响着坡面径流入渗状况、泥沙含量及地表侵蚀过程的强度。利用变坡试验水槽,在不同流量(0.4~1.2 L/s)和坡度(8.8%~46.6%)范围内,详细分析了流量、坡度、径流水深和阻力系数对鄂南两种典型母质发育红壤团聚体剥蚀破坏的定量影响。研究结果表明,流量和坡度对两种母质发育红壤团聚体的剥蚀影响都是极显著的,坡度对两种红壤团聚体的剥蚀破坏影响均大于流量;不同流量和坡度组合下的团聚体剥蚀破坏变化规律不同,利用流量和坡度的幂函数可以准确地预测团聚体剥蚀程度;在两种水力学参数之间,团聚体剥蚀程度随着径流水深的增加而降低,随着阻力系数的变大剥蚀程度增加。     

轴向荷载作用下管与软土相互作用模型试验

开展室内模型试验研究了PE涂层足尺管道在软弱黏土中发生纵向位移时静置时间、加载速率以及土层不排水抗剪强度3个因素对轴向摩擦特性的影响。研究表明,管与软黏土纵向相互作用的抗力-位移曲线存在硬化型和软化型两种形式,前者的峰值摩擦阻力一般出现在加载过程的最后阶段,而后者的峰值摩擦阻力则出现在相对位移为（0.005～0.02）D（D为 管直径）范围内;试验测得的峰值摩擦系数取值介于0.12～0.23之间,且该值比美国API规范推荐值偏小;管土纵向峰值摩擦系数与加载速率成正相关关系,且加载速率对抗力-位移曲线类型无显著影响;常见的不排水抗剪强度范围内,土层的不排水抗剪强度值越低,纵向摩擦系数越大。上述结论可为海底埋设管线与软黏土纵向相互作用摩擦系数的确定提供参考依据。     

长水平段水平井井眼轨道优化设计方法

井眼轨道优化设计是长水平段水平井降低摩阻扭矩的有效途径之一,利用先进的计算机软件对轨道设计关键参数进行优选,可以得到优化轨道设计,从而达到降低施工难度的目的。结合华北油田某井工程实列,论述了长水平段水平井井眼轨道优化设计方法。     

On behavior of load transfer for drilled shafts embedded in weak rocks

This study deals with the formulation of an analytical solution for load transfer in drilled shaft and its application. The emphasis is on quantifying the mobilization of side resistances, which are closely related to shear behaviors of the concrete-rock interface. In this modelling, the side resistance is idealized by using elasticity-brittleness-plasticity, and a simple slip-line field is built to identify the critical shear displacement. The closed-form solution of load transfer is obtained by using the proposed shear model. Comparison between predictions and field observations is also made to validate performance of the proposed method.     

油气输导体系研究现状及存在问题的探讨

油气输导体系是油气成藏体系的必要元素,也是油气运移研究的薄弱环节。人们对于这一概念的阐述各不相同,绝大多数学者将其划分为高孔渗砂体、断层及裂缝、不整合面以及它们两两或全部的复合输导体系四种类型,目前对输导体系的研究也集中在这四种类型上。对高孔渗砂体的研究主要集中在孔隙结构、渗透率和优势运移通道上;对断层的研究主要集中在断层泥、非渗透性物质、两盘特征、断层面应力及断层活动性上;对不整合面的研究主要集中在其产状、性质、类型及岩性组合等方面。输导体系的类型划分应当以渗透率非均质性为依据,同时充分考虑烃源岩。从盆地沉积演化的角度出发研究各类输导体系的分布,也是油气运移研究领域中的薄弱环节。     

Effect of rod friction on vane shear tests in very soft organic harbour mud

Very soft organic harbour mud is increasingly used as a filling and construction material in harbour construction and reorganization. The undrained shear strength of such soft sediments is the critical geotechnical soil parameter with regard to any specific construction design. Field and laboratory vane shear testing is a standard method to quickly determine this important parameter. So far, the effect of rod friction on vane shear tests in very soft organic soils is unclear. In this study we present results from laboratory experiments on harbour mud from a construction site in northern Germany. Relations among vane and rod geometry, penetration depth, water content, rod friction and undrained shear strength are derived. Based on these relations the influence of rod friction on vane shear test results is investigated. The results indicate that field and laboratory vane shear test measurements may be significantly influenced by rod friction. Methods are proposed to correct for the rod influence, which is shown to increase with rising water contents.