Development of a sound reflection system for profiling sediments in shelf and slope depths

A sound reflection system for obtaining profiles of sedimentary structures in shelf and slope depths to 500 m has been developed, based on an Edgerton 1 kJ boomer as sound source. A logarithmic response receiver allows optimal recording of signals over a wide dynamic range. Penetrations of up to 500 m have been obtained from structures within both unconsolidated sediments and folded lower Tertiary structures. The equipment works reliably at speeds up to 9 knots.     

Mapping QTLs of caudal fin length in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)

Common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) exhibits significant morphological variability in the shape and size of the caudal fin. In this study, we used 190 progeny from two F₁ parents to identify and map quantitative trait loci (QTLs) that influence caudal fin length (CFL) and the ratio (RCS) between caudal fin length and standard length (SL) based on a microsatellite genetic map of common carp. A total of 15 QTLs were detected in seven different linkage groups. One significant and eight suggestive QTLs affecting CFL were identified on LG8, LG14, LG29, LG32 and LG44, which explained 8.0%–22.1% of the phenotypic variation; six suggestive QTLs affecting RCS were detected on LG8, LG32, LG46 and LG48, which explained 7.0%–15.4% of the phenotypic variation. The QTLs for caudal fin length detected in this study may serve as a starting point for identification of genes involved in caudal fin development in common carp.     

气井水力压裂有效缝长评估及影响因素研究

为了准确确定气井压后有效缝长及其影响因素,提高川西须家河气藏水力压裂针对性,对于具备生产历史拟合条件的气井,利用数值模拟软件进行了生产历史拟合获得有效水力裂缝缝长,与采用净压力拟合方法获得的水力裂缝支撑缝长进行对比和拟合,获得了有效缝长和支撑缝长的关系式,计算了川西须家河储层单井压后有效缝长;采用灰色关联分析理论分析了各个参数对有效缝长的影响程度和对压裂设计的启示。结果表明：压后有效缝长与支撑缝长具有较强相关性(Le=00584 Lp1359 3),有效缝长明显比支撑缝长短;施工参数(特别是用液量)是影响须家河储层有效缝长的关键,而储层和隔层间应力差则是影响有效缝长的重要客观因素。该研究方法为水力压裂压后评估和提高压裂设计水平提供了较好的借鉴。     

农田表面粗糙度参数的测量与精度分析

表面粗糙度是有效解释雷达后向散射系数和微波辐射亮度温度的关键参数之一。表面粗糙度参数的测量精度受到测量方法、测量仪器、数据预处理等的影响,如何获取到表面粗糙度的"真"值是地表粗糙度测量急需解决的问题,并且有助于提高利用微波遥感技术反演地表参数的能力。本文利用激光扫描仪的二维高度数据和蒙特卡罗方法模拟的一维表面高度数据,分析了重复采样次数、采样间隔、采样剖面长度、空间自相关函数类型和大尺度结构(数据倾斜和农田垄行结构)对表面粗糙度精度的影响,研究表明:在大于20次重复采样、小于10mm的采样间隔、200倍相关长度的剖面长度的条件下,农田表面粗糙度参数的测量精度约为80%;分形相关函数与实测农田表面的空间自相关系数的吻合性要高于高斯函数和指数函数;数据倾斜和农田垄行结构严重影响表面粗糙度参数的结果,在进行表面粗糙度参数的计算之前,需从剖面高度分布数据中去除以上两个因素的影响。     

Genetic variability of the blue and red shrimp Aristeus antennatus in the Western Mediterranean Sea inferred by DNA microsatellite loci

Genetic variation at eight microsatellite loci was studied in nine populations of the blue and red shrimp Aristeus antennatus to investigate whether distinct stocks are present in the Western Mediterranean Sea. A high level of gene flow and no evidence of genetic partitioning were discovered. No significant variation was found (F_ST = 0.00673, P-value = 0.067) even when shrimps from exploited and those from deep-water unexploited grounds were compared. No evidence of reduction or expansion of population size in the recent past was found, as indicated by the bottleneck and interlocus g-tests. Our results are consistent with previous studies using mitochondrial gene methods and allozymes, indicating that, for this species, extensive pelagic larval dispersal and adult migration are probably responsible for the genetic homogeneity observed. In particular, due to a different bathymetric distribution of males and females, reported to be associated with different water masses and hence with possible differential dispersal capacity between sexes, the hypothesis of sex-biased dispersal was tested. Mean values of corrected assignment indices and mean relatedness values were higher for males, suggesting that females are the more widely dispersing sex. Molecular assessment of A. antennatus from the Western Mediterranean provides data of biological and evolutionary interest for the successful management of such a highly valuable fishery resource.     

出现于南沙海域的黄带棘箱鲀的形态特征

2011年4月17日在南沙海域调查时,采集到2尾棘箱鲀属(Kentrocapros)标本,经鉴定为黄带棘箱鲀(Kentrocapros flavofasciantus),标本现保存在南海水产研究所标本馆.标本体长分别为108、135 mm.无鳍棘和腹鳍,背鳍和臀鳍各1个.背鳍鳍条数目为11,胸鳍鳍条数目为12,臀鳍鳍条数目为10,尾鳍鳍条数目为11.体长为体高的2.41～2.57倍,体宽的3.07～3.09倍,头长的3.38～3.48倍,吻长的4.35～4.70倍.头长为眼径的2.22～2.38倍,眼间隔的1.35～1.54倍,鳃孔长度的3.10～3.33倍.除尾柄、胸鳍基部、背鳍基部、臀鳍基部、肛门附近之外,体披硬体甲,体甲刚好在背鳍前方闭合,体甲为6棱形,无刺平滑,从肛门连续沿纵线到胸鳍基部下前方形成裸褶.体侧无侧线.上下颌每侧具8个小柱状切牙.胸鳍最上第一鳍条很短,长度约为第二鳍条的1/6.体为褐黄色,体甲有两条较宽的纵向黄带.唇为褐棕色,牙为红褐色.所有鳍条为黄色或略显褐黄色.     

带有柔性阻流器的海底管道冲刷防护试验研究

从管道尾流区泥沙颗粒的受力平衡着手,探讨了管道冲刷的临界压力差。在此基础上,提出了一种防止或减少管道冲刷的新方法,即在管道下方安装柔性阻流器。通过物理模型试验,研究了单向恒定流及规则波作用下,柔性阻流器对管道两侧床面压力、冲刷深度的影响。试验结果表明:柔性阻流器的安装能明显减小管道两侧床面的压力差。在单向恒定流作用下,管道的冲刷深度随阻流器长度的增加而减小;当阻流器达到临界长度时,冲刷消失。规则波时,因阻流器的扰动作用,冲刷深度有所增加;但随阻流器长度的增加,其扰动作用减小,对床面的防护作用增加,因而冲刷深度减小。     

东海太平洋褶柔鱼角质颚的形态学分析

依据2010年9月及2011年5月、9月东海渔业资源底拖网调查采集的139尾(雌性66尾,雄性73尾)太平洋褶柔鱼(Todarodes pacificus)样本的胴长、体重和角质颚各部分的长度数据,分析了东海太平洋褶柔鱼角质颚的形态学特征。结果表明:(1)太平洋褶柔鱼角质颚上、下颚的喙长(RL)、头盖长(HL)、脊突长(CL)、翼长(WL)、翼宽(WW)等长度差异较大;(2)伴随RL的增长,HL、CL、WL、WW呈现极显著的异速生长特征(P<0.001);(3)各长度指标随胴长、体重的增长呈显著的线性增长趋势;(4)RL/CL、HL/CL的比值非常稳定,随胴长、体重的变化很小,可作为东海太平洋褶柔鱼角质颚形态特征的稳定指标。     

黑河山区流域平均坡长的计算与径流模拟

 流域平均坡长是侧向流和汇流时间计算的重要参数,其会影响地表径流的计算。应用SWAT 2005和ArcView GIS 3.2集成的AVSWAT模型,对黑河干流上游山区流域莺落峡出山口径流进行模拟,发现其计算的流域平均坡长存在较大误差,进而影响到模拟结果。利用子流域内已知的平均坡度和平均坡长建立回归方程,计算各子流域的平均坡长,替换AVSWAT计算的不合理值,在保持其他参数不变的情况下,模拟的月径流纳什系数从0.60提高到0.75,模拟结果得到显著提高。敏感性分析结果和径流曲线数(CN2)的分析也间接验证了流域平均坡长修正方法的可行性。在修正流域平均坡长后,对AVSWAT模型的其他参数CN2等进行优化,模拟的月径流的纳什系数达到0.81,表明本文建议的流域平均坡长计算方法是可以应用到实际的干旱区黑河流域并取得较好模拟效果。     

虾血对兔耳瘢痕模型的防治作用

为探讨虾血对抑制兔耳瘢痕增生的影响,以成年新西兰大耳白兔建立兔耳增生性瘢痕模型,将增生性瘢痕块分为对照组(A组)、虾血治疗组1(B组)和虾血治疗组2(C组),以不同组瘢痕组织石蜡包埋HE染色,观察虾血治疗对瘢痕组织中成纤维细胞、胶原纤维的影响。结果表明:肉眼观察虾血治疗组的瘢痕较空白对照组有改善;光镜下见虾血治疗组成纤维细胞减少,胶原纤维含量降低且排列较规则有序,差异具有显著性(p<0.001);虾血治疗组2微血管均数较少,抑制疤痕增生效应最好(p<0.01);虾血可能具有抑制兔耳增生瘢痕的形成及瘢痕组织增生的作用。