压实作用对泥岩膨胀性及水分迁移影响

为研究压实作用对泥岩膨胀性及水分迁移的影响,将碾碎过筛泥岩以不同干密度分层夯实到自制试验箱中进行试验,采用高精度位移传感器和TDR-4型湿度传感器进行数据采集,并采用体式显微镜对泥岩颗粒进行微观结构分析。研究结果表明:不同压实作用下泥岩膨胀过程均经历初期快速陡增阶段、中期膨胀减缓阶段和后期膨胀稳定阶段;体积含水率增大过程均经历跳跃式快速增长阶段、外凸弧线缓慢增长阶段和后期稳定阶段;随着干密度的增加,其稳定膨胀量和稳定膨胀率近似呈线形增加;水分在泥岩中的迁移与泥岩自身膨胀挤密和大气影响深度相关,干密度越大,膨胀挤密效果越明显,大气影响深度越小,其水分迁移速度越小;泥岩颗粒孔隙较为发育,连通性较好,可为水分迁移提供通道;泥岩浸水膨胀后呈泥质状态,颗粒间黏结发生破坏。研究可为膨胀泥岩地区高速铁路的修建提供参考依据。     

南海西沙群岛海域鸢乌贼(Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis)角质颚微结构及生长特性研究

角质颚是鸢乌贼重要的摄食器官,信息储存能力强,被广泛用于重建头足类生活史等研究。根据2017年5—8月中国灯光罩网渔船在南海西沙群岛海域采集的860尾鸢乌贼样本,结合经研磨后角质颚微结构中的日龄轮纹,对角质颚微结构及其外形生长特性展开了研究。结果表明,鸢乌贼角质颚上颚微结构分为头盖部和脊突部,两部均由明暗交替的日龄生长纹组成,头盖部的日龄生长纹较为清晰且易于读取。选取上头盖长(UHL)、上脊突长(UCL)、上侧壁长(ULWL)、上翼长(UWL)、下头盖长(LHL)、下脊突长(LCL)、下侧壁长(LLWL)和下翼长(LWL)作为描述西沙群岛海域鸢乌贼角质颚生长的外形特征参数。协方差分析表明,角质颚外形特征参数不存在性别间显著性差异。AIC分析表明, UCL和LCL与日龄的生长关系最适用线性生长模型表示, ULWL和LLWL与日龄的生长关系最适用对数生长模型表示, UHL、UWL、LHL和LWL与日龄的生长关系则均最适用于逻辑斯蒂生长模型表示。随着日龄的增加,鸢乌贼角质颚外形特征参数与胴长的比值基本稳定。日龄范围为211—240 d时,鸢乌贼角质颚UHL、UCL、UWL、LHL、LCL、LLWL和LWL的绝对生长率(AGR)较低。鸢乌贼角质颚在日龄介于121—210 d时生长迅速,在日龄介于211—240 d时生长速率下降,日龄211—240 d可能是鸢乌贼角质颚外部形态生长的拐点。研究结果为后续利用角质颚研究南海鸢乌贼的渔业生物学、生态学和关键生活史提供了科学依据。     

Muscovite dehydration melting: Reaction mechanisms,microstructures, and implications for anatexis

Dehydration melting of muscovite in metasedimentary sequences is the initially dominant mechanism of granitic melt generation in orogenic hinterlands. In dry (vapour-absent) crust, muscovite reacts with quartz to produce K-feldspar, sillimanite, and monzogranitic melt. When water vapour is present in excess, sillimanite and melt are the primary products of muscovite breakdown, and any K-feldspar produced is due to melt crystallization. Here we document the reaction mechanisms that control nucleation and growth of K-feldspar, sillimanite, and silicate melt in the metamorphic core of the Himalaya, and outline the microstructural criteria used to distinguish peritectic K-feldspar from K-feldspar grains formed during melt crystallization. We have characterized four stages of microstructural evolution in selected psammitic and pelitic samples from the Langtang and Everest regions: (a) K-feldspar nucleates epitaxially on plagioclase while intergrowths of fibrolitic sillimanite and the remaining hydrous melt components replace muscovite. (b) In quartzofeldspathic domains, K-feldspar replaces plagioclase by K⁺–Na⁺ cation exchange, while melt and intergrowths of sillimanite+quartz form in the aluminous domains. (c) At 7–8 vol.% melt generation, the system evolves from a closed to open system and all phases coarsen by up to two orders of magnitude, resulting in large K-feldspar porphyroblasts. (d) Preferential crystallization of residual melt on K-feldspar porphyroblasts and coarsened quartz forms an augen gneiss texture with a monzogranitic-tonalitic matrix that contains intergrowths of sillimanite+tourmaline+muscovite+apatite. Initial poikiloblasts of peritectic K-feldspar trap fine-grained inclusions of quartz and biotite by replacement growth of matrix plagioclase. During subsequent coarsening, peritectic K-feldspar grains overgrow and trap fabric-aligned biotite, resulting in a core to rim coarsening of inclusion size. These microstructural criteria enable a mass balance of peritectic K-feldspar and sillimanite to constrain the amount of free H₂O present during muscovite dehydration. The resulting modal proportion of K-feldspar in the Himalayan metamorphic core requires vapour-absent conditions during muscovite dehydration melting and leucogranite formation, indicating that the generation of large volumes of granitic melts in orogenic belts is not necessarily contingent on an external source of fluids.     

Otolith Microstructure Analysis Reveals Different Growth Histories of Japanese Sardine (Sardinops melanostictus) in the Oyashio Waters

After decades of low year classes,the stock of Japanese sardine(Sardinops melanostictus)has begun to recover since the mid-2000s.The hatch dates and otolith growth rates of age-0 juvenile sardine,which were collected in the subarctic Oyashio waters in autumn 2018,were determined from an otolith microstructure analysis.The sardines were hatched from late January to late April,while mostly in February and March.The otolith growth rate increased continuously up to 60 d after hatching and thereafter de-creased.The revealed growth rate in a crucial growth period is faster than that reported for juvenile sardines collected in the 1990s,which is coincided with the recent recovery trend of the sardine stock.Two groups with different hatch dates,growth histories,and migration routes were identified using unsupervised random forest clustering analysis.They were considered inshore and offshore migration individuals in accordance with recent researches.In the offshore group,a high proportion of sardine juveniles hatched late and grew faster in the Kuroshio-Oyashio transitional waters,a finding consistent with the hypothesis of growth-rate-dependent re-cruitment.This finding on the population composition and growth rate of juvenile sardine in the Oyashio waters can be a basis for an improved prediction of their survival and provides us with valuable information on the recruitment processes of this stock during the period of stock recovery.     

Al_2O_3-SiC-C砖渣静态侵蚀后的显微结构分析

铁水预处理用鱼雷罐、铁水罐的炉衬多为Ａｌ２Ｏ３ＳｉＣＣ砖,随着铁水脱硫量的加大,耐火材料的侵蚀也较严重。而现在由于市场需要钢水中的磷含量要求较低,脱磷处理过程中由于国外多采用氧化铁系脱磷剂,氧化亚铁对石墨的氧化很大,对炉衬侵蚀也大,这就要求对Ａｌ２Ｏ３ＳｉＣＣ砖的性能进行改进以适宜工艺需要。国内对脱磷的研究较少,实际生产对铁水进行脱磷处理的厂家也很少。为探讨脱硫、磷剂对耐火材料的影响,本文对不同脱硫、磷剂侵蚀Ａｌ２Ｏ３ＳｉＣＣ砖后的残砖的显微结构进行了分析,探讨了铝碳化硅碳砖的侵蚀原…     

加强XENIX系统安全性的若干方法

ＸＥＮＩＸ作为一种多用户多任务的开放性的操作系统,容易受到攻击和破坏。本文介绍的产种方法可用来提高ＸＥＮＩＸ系统的安全性。     

东平原狭蚌虫外壳的组织学研究

本文对东平原狭蚌虫外壳的组织结构进行了研究。外壳由内外角质层、内外上皮层和皮下结缔组织共同组成。外角质层厚,较规则。上皮细胞有柱状细胞和具有胞突的锥形细胞两种形态。同侧及相对两侧的上皮胞突相连接,构成了许多具有血细胞的血腔隙。     

地震作用下单层柱面网壳的动力稳定性能分析

以单层柱面网壳结构为研究对象,利用El-centro地震波对该类结构进行了时程地震反应分析,考察了结构的地震响应和抗震性能,研究了其在地震作用下的动力失稳特点。选取了几种几何尺寸不同的单层柱面网壳,分析了矢跨比和长跨比对单层柱面网壳动力稳定性能的影响。     

黄土液化微细观特性试验研究

黄土液化演化过程的微观机理分析是液化防御的科学问题之一。通过微细观及动力学试验探索黄土液化的本质和影响因素。首先用CT细观扫描实验探索黄土渗透液化的细观变化,研究表明土体液面上升的根本原因是弱碱性盐类胶结物的吸水作用导致土样含水面整体上升;试样达到高饱和度,大孔隙周围颗粒间胶结物质破坏后有效应力为零,土层液化。粉土的孔隙尺寸和特殊的胶结物质导致高饱和度。土样微观结构的差异也会影响土的液面上升和破坏强度。针对低黏性粉土、粉质砂土及粉质黏土的三类黄土液化实验分析表明,低黏性粉土动荷加载时间更短,更易于液化,即低粘性粉土液化最为严重,粉质砂土为中等液化,粉质黏土相比其他黄土类别不易液化。电镜扫描土样微观结构参数分析表明,土颗粒周围胶结物质的化学元素比值(Ca/Fe),以及土颗粒粒径分布和孔隙尺寸(孔隙与颗粒比)均影响液化等级,可初步判断液化的强弱。     

东风螺、弯竹蛏和斑节对虾的壳基质蛋白组学分析

从软体动物中的腹足纲、双壳纲以及节肢动物中的甲壳纲分别选取了3种中国沿海常见的品种——东风螺、弯竹蛏、斑节对虾,提取并分析它们的壳基质蛋白。利用液相色谱串联质谱（LC-MS/MS）技术对蛋白质组学进行分析发现特定的蛋白质具有明显的种属差异：①N66蛋白（一种碳酸酐酶）通常存在于弯竹蛏中,但不存在于东风螺和斑节对虾中,揭示N66蛋白质具有特异性,在未来的物种鉴定中可能具有重要的参考意义;②角质层蛋白AM1199和CP14.6存在于斑节对虾的表皮结构中,在东风螺和弯竹蛏中未检测到;③血蓝蛋白同时在3种动物外壳的基质蛋白中被鉴定出来,揭示了其在不同物种的外壳形成与发育过程中的重要作用。该研究为壳基质蛋白在软体动物或节肢动物外壳中的鉴定提供了基础,也为探索不同物种的生物矿化过程提供了重要参考。