浮游有孔虫标准化壳体重量测试方法及在西太平洋的应用

使用标准化壳体重量法和传统壳体重量法分别对中国南海(South China Sea,简称SCS)站表层沉积物和MD06-3052岩心沉积物样品进行了测试,获得了浮游有孔虫种属Globigerinoides ruber(G. ruber)的标准化壳体重量和传统壳体重量.通过对SCS站表层沉积物中G. ruber标准化壳体重量与传统壳体重量的比较,认为在该海域使用标准化壳体重量替代性指标能够更好的排除壳体粒径的干扰.通过对MD06-3052岩心中G. ruber标准化壳体重量与南极Vostok冰心的CO₂浓度(pCO₂)曲线进行对比,认为标准化壳体重量方法能够较好的反映出表层海水[CO₃2-]的变化.标准化壳体重量方法快速简便,指示性好,在探讨晚更新世以来表层海水在全球碳循环的重要作用中,是一个很有潜力的指标.      

Secondary Calcification of Planktic Foraminifera from the Indian Sector of Southern Ocean

This study focused on planktic foraminifera in plankton tows and surface sediments from the western Indian sector of Southern Ocean in order to evaluate the potential foraminiferal secondary calcification and/or dissolution in the sediment. It is found that the symbiotic foraminiferal species are abundant in the subtropical region, whereas non-symbiotic species dominate in the sub-Antarctic and polar frontal regions. The distribution of the symbiotic and non-symbiotic foraminiferal species is controlled by temperature, salinity, light, nutrients and phytoplankton biomass. There is also a lateral southern extent in abundance of planktic foraminifera from surface sediments to plankton tows. The shell weights of the planktic foraminifera N. pachyderma, G. bulloides and G. ruber within the surface sediments are on an average heavier by 27%, 34% and 40% respectively than shells of the same size within the plankton tows, indicative of secondary calcification. The planktic foraminiferal isotopes show the presence of heavier isotopes in the surface sediment foraminifera as compared to plankton tows, thus confirming secondary calcification. Secondary calcification in G. ruber occurs in the euphotic zone, whereas in case of N. pachyderma and G. bulloides it is at deeper depths. We also observed a decrease in the shell spines in surface sediment foraminifera as compared to plankton tows, indicative of the morphological changes that foraminifera underwent during gametogenesis.     

球近似艾黎-海斯卡宁均衡模型分析

针对传统的均衡重力异常方式基于平面近似,积分范围较小、计算公式的适用性受限、表征的信息量有限的问题,该文在球坐标下分析艾黎-海斯卡宁(Airy-Hesikanen)均衡模型。以计算点向径为半径,将地形分为布格球壳和粗糙地形两部分,计算其地形影响和均衡改正。在实验区,选用补偿深度21km、密度差0.678g/cm3的模型参数,采用该文公式和传统公式计算均衡重力异常,并比较分析其计算值。结果表明,以球近似Airy-Hesikanen均衡模型计算均衡重力异常值,在小积分范围以及平坦地区,与传统公式计算值的精度相当;但随着积分半径增加,球近似Airy-Hesikanen均衡模型计算值精度不断提高、变化更平缓,说明球近似AiryHesikanen均衡模型代替平面近似Airy-Hesikanen均衡模型应用于重力问题研究更为符合地球实际情况。     

江西大湖塘超大型钨矿初始岩浆流体出溶——来自似伟晶岩壳的记录

江西大湖塘地区是江南造山带中段九岭矿集区内近年查明的世界级超大型钨矿产地,白钨矿体主要呈细脉浸染状缓倾于中粗粒黑云母花岗闪长岩中。位于区内一矿带的成矿母岩顶部发育完好的似伟晶岩壳,壳层的组构特征明显,由母岩向含矿围岩,依次为似斑状黑云母花岗岩→长英质细晶岩→石英长石似伟晶岩→长石石英似伟晶岩→含白钨矿黑云母花岗闪长岩。壳内石英的阴极发光岩相学研究显示,石英巨晶、斑晶、基质和石英脉大多经历了早阶段主晶石英,中阶段扩散交代石英和晚阶段渗滤充填石英3个生长阶段。微量元素研究表明,早阶段石英的生长是一个流体加速沉淀的过程,中阶段和晚阶段流体对主晶石英均有叠加改造,其微量元素呈降低趋势。各类石英均表现为富碱金属元素、中高温（≥483℃）、低Li/Al（0.01~0.50,大多小于0.24）的地球化学特征,反映了成矿流体为岩浆水来源,石英的生长具有岩浆—热液过渡性质。综合研究表明,大湖塘一矿带似伟晶岩壳是初始含矿岩浆流体出溶的产物,其形成过程中动态的物理化学条件促进了成矿元素W由母岩向围岩搬运富集。     

ON THE FORMATION AND MAINTENANCE MECHANISMS OF THE COLD WATER MASS OF THE YELLOW SEA

An analytical study is made on the formation of the Cold Water Mass of the Yellow Sea (CWYS) and the relevant thermally driven circulation. The temperature and velocity field, obtained by solving the coupled equations of motion and heat conduction, show that, in summer, the CWYS has a horizontal cyclonic circulation (component) with vertical upwelling in the middle and downwelling at the edges, that the vertical convection (u-w components) occurs only within a thin layer near the thermocline. and that the deeper layer remains almost motionless. This current structure represents well the mechanisms responsible for the maintenance of the thermocline or CWYS during the wanner months. Comparisons between the theoretical and observed temperatures show very good qualitative and quantitative agreements for corresponding seasons.     

The secular variation of inner zone high energy proton environment in the SAA

The main portion of the inner radiation belt en-countered by spacecraft in low-Earth orbits (LEOs) is concentrated over the South Atlantic Anomaly (SAA) where satellites observed the highest particle flux. The anomaly arises from the Earth’s magnetic field being less intense in the region centered near the east of the Atlantic coast of South America. The trapped radiation belt particles therefore have their lowest mirroring altitudes over the center region of the SAA. Drift shells in t…     

Acceleration of a spherical neutral shell produced by an ionization-shock front in an inhomogeneous interstellar medium

We numerically model the formation and acceleration of a neutral gas shell as an ionization-shock front propagates in a spherical cloud by taking into account the photoionization and radiative heating of the gas, the spectral radiative transfer. We suggest and implement an approximation of the cooling function that allows calculations to be performed in a wide range of gas ionization fractions and temperatures. The total mass, average velocity, and thickness of the shell have been determined. The results are compared with approximate formulas known in the literature. Based on the parameters of the shell found, we estimate its acceleration, characteristic scales, and the growth times of unstable perturbations. We analyze the influence of the cloud particle density, cloud radius, stellar temperature, and radiation spectrum on the integrated characteristics of the neutral gas in the layer between the ionization and shock fronts. The distribution of matter in the shell and its thickness are shown to differ significantly from those used in approximate models.     

Sedimentary processes,stratigraphic sequences and middens: the link between archaeology and geoheritage—a case study from the Quaternary of the Broome region,Western Australia

The cliffed and active dune coastal region of Broome provides an excellent record of Pleistocene and Holocene stratigraphy of desert environments interfacing with the Indian Ocean. The Mesozoic Broome Sandstone is the basal stratigraphic unit in the area and is overlain by Pleistocene red desert quartz sand (Mowanjum Sand). Modern coastal processes of waves, wind and tide have resulted in distinctive sedimentary bodies (stratigraphic units) clearly linked to the sedimentary environment. The Mowanjum Sand, reworked by coastal winds, generates the landward-ingressing orange quartzose Churchill Sand, or reworked by waves and abraded to white sand with the addition of carbonate grains that form the beaches (Cable Beach Sand) and with eolian action, coastal dunes or inland-ingressing white dunes (Shoonta Hill Sand). These sedimentary bodies and stratigraphic units form a template with which to locate and interpret archaeological middens and Indigenous occupation over the past 5000?years in a context of coastal occupation, coastal stability, mean sea-level changes, climate changes, and availability of marine food and freshwater. Shell middens and stone artefacts form definitive layers or horizons in relation to the stratigraphy, in places in situ, and elsewhere reworked as sheets and plumes; understanding their inter-relationships has enabled the unravelling of the archaeological history and relating Indigenous occupation to biofacies and lithofacies. The array of sedimentary, biofacies and stratigraphic units are of national geoheritage significance in their own right. The addition of archaeological deposits as stratigraphic units provides a link between geoheritage and archaeology, where the archaeological materials are viewed as part of the complex stratigraphic story, part of the coastal history, and part of the geoheritage story.     

河蚬壳体不同断面碳、氧同位素研究

生物壳体碳酸盐的稳定氧、碳同位素已经被广泛地应用在古气候、古环境研究中,在生物壳体就位分析中,壳体不同断面上同位素的差异将影响对壳体同位素所指示的环境意义的判断,从而对利用其提取气候环境信息造成不利影响。本文对河蚬壳体不同断面碳氧同位素进行了研究,结果表明:河蚬壳体碳同位素变化序列在不同断面上不存在显著差异,因此在做碳同位素时间序列研究时可以不考虑不同断面差异的问题,在取样过程中可以通过延长取样的长度来获得足够量的样品进行碳同位素的测定;而氧同位素变化序列在不同断面上存在差异,因此在进行壳体就位分析研究时,选取不同断面上氧同位素变化序列对研究结果影响较大,存在壳体断面选择的问题,而在取样过程中取样的长度应控制在一定范围内,避免同一生长环上距离较远位置粉末的混合。文中最后根据壳体不同断面同位素差异确定了在壳体就位分析中如何选取研究断面。     

贝壳珍珠层的研究与应用

珍珠不仅是宝石材料,更重要的是不可多得的有机与无机相结合的典型复合材料。有机物和矿物体系的结构、功能、发展和演化是新型复合材料发展和研究的新方向,对此人们已经做了许多工作。珍珠是由贝体外套膜中的珍珠囊分泌的珍珠质沉积而成,而贝壳是直接由外套膜分泌产生的,二者的成分和结构非常相似。鉴于此,近年来人们在对珍珠综合开发利用的同时,增加了对贝壳的研究,以期在利用方面以廉价的贝壳替代价值昂贵的珍珠,达到节约和开发并举的目的。１　贝壳珍珠层的成分１－１　元素组成孙家美等［１］曾用Ｘ射线荧光光谱仪法对２５种海…