从贝丘遗址看绳纹人与环境的相互关系

介绍了自本世纪７０年代末以来，日本学者在绳纹时代的考古研究中开辟的一个新领域，即通过分析贝丘遗址和周围的自然环境去认识绳纹的环境变化及绳纹人与环境的关系。同时提出了笔者关于绳纹时代人与环境关系的一个模式。     

利用贝类(Lamprotula)化石碳氧同位素再建山西丁村地区晚更新世气候环境

较大的湖泊中的贝类生长线的氧同位素可能记录了季节性的温度变化。对拔氏丽蚌 (楔丽蚌 )Lamprotula(Cuneolamprotula)bazini (Heude)和环带丽蚌 (丽蚌 )Lamprotula (Lamprotula)zonata (Heude)的生长线进行氧同位素研究表明,前者有较强的适应环境变化的能力。δ18O值记录的襄汾地区晚更新世的古温度为 2 0～ 2 4℃至 30～34℃,古降雨量多出现代 2 0 0～ 2 6 7mm,河水排泄不畅,积水成湖。这些结果给人的启示是:全球变暖后,该地区气温可能有较大升幅 ;降雨量的增加有可能在排水不畅地区形成水灾,应注意防患于未然。     

鳖甲溃疡和穿孔病的病原及其防治

对鳖甲溃疡和穿孔病的病原进行了研究,提出了勒氏假单胞菌（Pseudomonaslemoignei）、产碱菌（Alcaligenessp）和枯草芽孢杆菌（Bacillussubtilis）3种病原菌;同时在病原药敏试验的基础上筛选治疗药物（鳖康乐1号）,并进行了生产性防治试验。     

粉石英在蓄电池胶壳中的应用

本文着重介绍了粉石英的工艺矿物特性以及其在蓄电池胶壳中的应用效果,证明了粉石英用作蓄电池胶壳的填料,能够改善混炼工艺、提高产品质量、增加填充量、降低生产成本,是一种理想的橡胶填料。     

拱星OH脉泽辐射频谱的双峰结构和多重分离的膨胀拱星壳

对一些OH／IR星的拱星OH脉泽的观测结果表明,在双峰结构谱线轮廓上常常可以发现一些小峰叠加在双峰上,即在谱线轮廓的双峰结构中的每个峰是由几个小峰叠加而成的．从脉泽的辐射转移方程和拱星包层的速度结构出发,研究拱星OH脉泽辐射频谱的轮廓特征,提出多重分离的膨胀拱星亮模型,很好地解释了双峰结构的奇特观测现象．     

Analysis of Error Caused by Replacing Spherical Shell with an Elastic Plate Model in Studying Bending Deformation of the Lithosphere

ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＶｅｎｉｎｇＭｅｉｎｅｓｚ（１９４１）ｕｓｅｄｅａｒｌｉｅｒａｎａｐｐｒｏｘｉｍａｔｅｓｏｌｕ－ｔｉｏｎｆｏｒｔｈｅｅｑｕａｔｉｏｎｏｆｂｅｎｄｉｎｇｏｆｅｌａｓｔｉｃｔｈｉｎｐｌａｔｅｓｔｏｃａｌｃｕ－ｌａｔｅｔｈｅｖａｒｉ...     

利用牡蛎壳粉制备缓释氮肥的初步研究

目前我国化肥当季利用率中，氮约为30％～35％．磷为10％～25％，钾为35％～50％远低于世界发达国家水平，造成肥料利用率低的主要原因是淋溶损失，尤以氮肥、钾肥为最。人们正在努力寻求提高肥料利用率的方法，其中之一是对肥料本身进行改性，开发适合于作物生长需求的新型肥料。研制缓／控释肥料是世界各国普遍采用的有效措施之一。缓释肥料的优点是利用率高，养分损失少，环境友好。但是，目前所用的作为缓释材料的高分子聚合物一般是难降解或不能降解，长期施用也会引起土壤污染。牡蛎壳为一种新型的天然材料，     

短蛸(Octopus ocellatus)酪氨酸蛋白激酶基因的克隆及其mRNA在细菌刺激后的表达规律

从前期构建的短蛸(Octopus ocellatus)c DNA文库中克隆获得了一个短蛸酪氨酸蛋白激酶(Oo Btk)基因的c DNA全长,其c DNA全长1191 bp,包括5’非编码区(UTR)259 bp,3’UTR 227 bp,开放阅读框(ORF)705 bp,编码234个氨基酸,预测理论等电点为8.50,分子量为27.7 k Da。运用实时荧光定量PCR法分析了在健康短蛸的不同组织以及鳗弧菌和藤黄微球菌刺激后血细胞中Oo Btk的表达规律,结果表明:Oo Btk在肌肉、外套膜、鳃、鳃心、系统心脏、肝胰脏、肾囊、胃、性腺和血细胞等各检测组织中均有表达,其中在肝胰脏的表达量最高;短蛸经鳗弧菌和藤黄微球菌刺激后,Oo Btk在血细胞中的表达量呈现出了明显的被诱导表达趋势,在鳗弧菌和藤黄微球菌刺激后6 h表达即增强,并分别在鳗弧菌刺激后48 h和藤黄微球菌刺激后12 h达到最高。Oo Btk参与短蛸对于鳗弧菌和藤黄微球菌刺激的应答过程。     

Habitat provision of barnacle tests for overcrowded periwinkles

In habitats where competition for space is a shaping force of animal distribution such as in the intertidal rocky ecosystem, new habitats are readily taken by colonising species. We examined the importance of empty Chthamalus spp. tests as a habitat for the intertidal common periwinkle Melaraphe neritoides on Portuguese rocky shores. The role played by the space between neighbouring barnacles as a habitat for other species has been largely studied with regard to how an ecosystem functions, whereas the equivalent role of empty barnacle tests remains largely unknown. The small periwinkle is one of the most abundant snails in European rocky shores and is an important prey for key mobile predators. Biological facilitation is common in the rocky intertidal zone, where biological structures often potentiate the abundance of other species. The role played by barnacles as biological facilitators through habitat provision is not fully understood. In this study, the abundance and morphometric features of empty barnacle tests and their occupants were examined across shore levels and shores with differing exposures, as these are important gradients explaining barnacle distribution. The availability of empty barnacle tests was also experimentally manipulated to examine the percentage, time and length of occupation. Empty barnacles were more abundant on the midshore of sheltered shores and barnacle tests were wider on the upper shore but taller on the midshore. The minimum barnacle test occupation rate by the periwinkle was 70%. Barnacle shell height was an important factor determining snail occupation, where taller barnacles harboured significantly more, but not necessarily larger, snails. Snails outside the barnacle tests were significantly larger than those found within, suggesting that this crustacean group has an increased importance as a habitat for juvenile snails, thus potentially influencing the population dynamics of M. neritoides. We found that occupation of experimentally created empty barnacles was extremely high (70%) on the day after, and remained at 100% after 3 months of monitoring. Our study is the first of its kind to focus on the features of barnacle tests that snails occupy and their occupying snail traits. According to our results, it is clear that barnacles have an important role in providing additional habitat for young gastropods. The small periwinkle is an important grazer and prey for intertidal and subtidal foraging predators; hence, the potential refuge role of barnacle tests for juvenile M. neritoides may be important in the dynamics of intertidal communities.     

Shell‐shape and morphometric variability in Mytilus galloprovincialis from micro‐tidal environments: responses to different hydrodynamic drivers

Tidal conditions differently influence inter‐tidal organisms in terms of general physiological and metabolic responses. In this study we investigated the morphological response in shells of Mytilus galloprovincialis native to different micro‐tidal coastal environments in the Northern Adriatic Sea. Our purpose was to highlight the ecophenotypic variability across tidal levels and to elucidate how tidal currents and waves produced by anthropogenic activities may play a part in modulating shell morphology. Three sampling sites were selected: an open‐sea area 15 km off‐shore and two sites within the lagoon of Venice, the first near one of its three inlets, and the other one in the proximity of Venice city centre. At each sampling site, organisms were seasonally collected at different depths within their vertical zonation, either in the inter‐tidal zone – i.e. at both the highest and lowest tide zonation limits, and subtidally. The mussel shells were analysed by investigation of their morphometric relationships (height/length and width/length ratios) and by elliptic Fourier analysis of the shell contours. Shell thickness and condition index were also evaluated for a better comprehension of energy allocation/partitioning. Estimates based on long‐term measurements, visual observation, wind statistics and wave growth laws allowed an evaluation of the forces acting on shells. At the open‐sea site, the observed phenotypic variability of both shell shape and thickness was clearly related to the tidal vertical zonation. At the two lagoon sites, the currents generated by tidal flow through the inlet and the waves caused by the frequent passage of boats influenced both shell shape and thickness. A trade‐off between protection and growth was apparent along the tide gradient, as emphasized by the differences in the partitioning and allocation of energy between shell and flesh production.