单层柱面网壳弹塑性地震反应特征

本文对网壳结构的弹塑性抗震性能进行了探讨。根据结构弹性有限元理论，结合网壳结构受力特点，推导出网壳结构单元的弹塑性矩阵表达式。然后对单层柱面网壳结构的弹塑性地震反应进行了具体分析，给出了节点位移和杆件应力变化规律，并讨论了矢跨比变化对网壳弹塑性性能的影响，从而揭示出这类网壳的弹塑性地震反应特点。     

地球内核快速旋转的发现与全球变化的轨道效应

科里奥利效应是产生内核快速旋转的主要原因。科氏力使上升物质向西漂移，下降物质向东漂移；造成地球外层自转减速，地球内层自转加速。所以，自旋体中的垂直运动可以产生大规模的水平运动——圈层差异旋转。地震波测量结果表明，内核旋转速度每年比地壳地幔快１°。对于一个内核差异旋转的地球，太阳辐射不仅形成地磁场的内外磁尾和地壳与内核的反向振动，而且影响核幔角动量交换和电磁耦合，从而控制了地球内能的释放，形成天文周期与地质旋回的一一对应关系。地球轨道和太阳轨道的全球变化响应，为太阳辐射量变化控制地球内能释放提供了证据     

Caractéristiques et signification d'un niveau coquillier majeur à brachiopodes,marqueur événementiel dans l'évolution dévonienne de la Saoura (Sahara du Nord-Ouest,Algérie)

In the Saoura, the brachiopod shell beds, so-called niveau coralligène, correspond to a major shell deposit dated to the Late Emsian. Brachiopods and crinoids dominate the benthic assemblage that contains also corals, bryozoans, trilobites, goniatites, and orthocones. This major level has a large geographic distribution and it is characterized by a wide brachiopod diversity due to time-averaging, taphonomic feedback and alternate bottom conditions changing from soft to shelly and firm. This kind of brachiopod association is linked to a transgressive onlap system. At regional extent, we can correlate this major shell bed to similar shell deposits from the Ahnet-Mouydir, Tindouf, and Zemmour areas. It indicates an important transgressive event underlined by change in the sedimentation from detritic deposits to carbonate sediments. To cite this article: A. Ouali Mehadji et al., C. R. Geoscience 336 (2004).     

Marine and limnic radiocarbon reservoir corrections for studies of late- and postglacial environments in Georgia Basin and Puget Lowland, British Columbia, Canada and Washington, USA

Models of late-glacial environmental change in coastal areas are commonly based on radiocarbon ages on marine shell and basal lake sediments, both of which may be compromised by reservoir effects. The magnitude of the oceanic reservoir age in the inland waters of the Georgia Basin and Puget Lowland of northwestern North America is inferred from radiocarbon ages on shell-wood pairs in Saanich Inlet and previously published estimates. The weighted mean oceanic reservoir correction in the early and mid Holocene is −720±90 yr, slightly smaller than, but not significantly different from, the modern value. The correction in late-glacial time is −950±50 yr. Valley-head sites yield higher reservoir values (−1200±130 yr) immediately after deglaciation. The magnitude of the gyttja reservoir effect is inferred from pairs of bulk gyttja and plant macrofossil ages from four lakes in the region. Incorporation of old carbon into basal gyttja yields ages from bulk samples that are initially about 600 yr too old. The reservoir age declines to less than 100 yr after the first millennium of lake development. When these corrections are accounted for, dates of deglaciation and late-glacial sea-level change in the study area are pushed forward in time by more than 500 yr.     

Three dimensional numerical simulation of residential building on shrink–swell soils in response to climatic conditions

Shrink–swell soils can cause distresses in buildings, and every year, the economic loss associated with this problem is huge. This paper presents a comprehensive system for simulating the soil–foundation–building system and its response to daily weather conditions. Weather data include rainfall, solar radiation, air temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed, all of which are readily available from a local weather station or the Internet. These data are used to determine simulation flux boundary conditions. Different methods are proposed to simulate different boundary conditions: bare soil, trees, and vegetation. A coupled hydro‐mechanical stress analysis is used to simulate the volume change of shrink–swell soils due to both mechanical stress and water content variations. Coupled hydro‐mechanical stress‐jointed elements are used to simulate the interaction between the soil and the slab, and general shell elements are used to simulate structural behavior. All the models are combined into one finite element program to predict the entire system's behavior. This paper first described the theory for the simulations. A site in Arlington, Texas, is then selected to demonstrate the application of the proposed system. Simulation results are shown, and a comparison between measured and predicted movements for four footings in Arlington, Texas, over a 2‐year period is presented. Finally, a three‐dimensional simulation is made for a virtual residential building on shrink–swell soils to identify the influence of various factors. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Elastic lateral dynamic impedance functions for a rigid cylindrical shell type foundation

Elastic lateral dynamic impedance functions are defined as the ratio of the lateral dynamic force/moment to the corresponding lateral displacement/rotation at the top ending of a foundation at very small strains. Elastic lateral dynamic impedance functions have a defining influence on the natural frequencies of offshore wind turbines supported on cylindrical shell type foundations, such as suction caissons, bucket foundations, and monopiles. This paper considers the coupled horizontal and rocking vibration of a cylindrical shell type foundation embedded in a fully saturated poroelastic seabed in contact with a seawater half‐space. The formulation of the coupled seawater–shell–seabed vibration problem is simplified by treating the shell as a rigid one. The rigid shell vibration problem is approached by the integral equation method using ring‐load Green's functions for a layered seawater‐seabed half‐space. By considering the boundary conditions at the shell–soil interface, the shell vibration problem is reduced to Fredholm integral equations. Through an analysis of the corresponding Cauchy singular equations, the intrinsic singular characteristics of the problem are rendered explicit. With the singularities incorporated into the solution representation, an effective numerical method involving Gauss–Chebyshev method is developed for the governing Fredholm equations. Selected numerical results for the dynamic contact load distributions, displacements of the shell, and lateral dynamic impedance functions are examined for different shell length–radius ratio, poroelastic materials, and frequencies of excitation. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

西菲律宾海2万年以来浮游有孔虫壳体重量变化

为探讨2万年以来浮游有孔虫的壳体重量变化及其影响因素,对取自西菲律宾海MD06-3052岩芯的浮游有孔虫表层种Globigerinoides ruber进行壳体重量分析,基于氧同位素年龄模式,获得了2万年以来有孔虫传统壳体重量(WMS)和标准化壳体重量(WSN)变化特征。对比两种壳体重量指标,发现在本海区标准化壳体重量指标更为准确。结果表明,2万年以来,浮游有孔虫WSN具有不断变轻的趋势,整体表现为冰期时壳体重量较重,而全新世时壳体重量相对较轻的特征。末次冰盛期(Last Glacial Maximum,LGM)以来浮游有孔虫WSN变化曲线同大气CO2浓度变化曲线具有较好的相似性,推测在该海区控制壳体重量的主要因素为与全球大气CO2相关的表层海水的CO32–浓度。     

从贝丘遗址看绳纹人与环境的相互关系

介绍了自本世纪７０年代末以来，日本学者在绳纹时代的考古研究中开辟的一个新领域，即通过分析贝丘遗址和周围的自然环境去认识绳纹的环境变化及绳纹人与环境的关系。同时提出了笔者关于绳纹时代人与环境关系的一个模式。     

利用贝类(Lamprotula)化石碳氧同位素再建山西丁村地区晚更新世气候环境

较大的湖泊中的贝类生长线的氧同位素可能记录了季节性的温度变化。对拔氏丽蚌 (楔丽蚌 )Lamprotula(Cuneolamprotula)bazini (Heude)和环带丽蚌 (丽蚌 )Lamprotula (Lamprotula)zonata (Heude)的生长线进行氧同位素研究表明,前者有较强的适应环境变化的能力。δ18O值记录的襄汾地区晚更新世的古温度为 2 0～ 2 4℃至 30～34℃,古降雨量多出现代 2 0 0～ 2 6 7mm,河水排泄不畅,积水成湖。这些结果给人的启示是:全球变暖后,该地区气温可能有较大升幅 ;降雨量的增加有可能在排水不畅地区形成水灾,应注意防患于未然。