The effects of LNG-tank sloshing on the global motions of LNG carriers

The coupling and interactions between ship motion and inner-tank sloshing are investigated by a time-domain simulation scheme. For the time-domain simulation, the hydrodynamic coefficients and wave forces are obtained by a potential-thoery-based three-dimensional (3D) diffraction/radiation panel program in frequency domain. Then, the corresponding simulations of motions in time domain are carried out using convolution integral. The liquid sloshing in a tank is simulated in time domain by a Navier–Stokes solver. A finite difference method with SURF scheme is applied for the direct simulation of liquid sloshing. The computed sloshing force and moment are then applied as external excitations to the ship motion. The calculated ship motion is in turn inputted as the excitation for liquid sloshing, which is repeated for the ensuing time steps. For comparison, we independently developed a coupling scheme in the frequency domain using a sloshing code based on the linear potential theory. The hydrodynamic coefficients of the inner tanks are also obtained by a 3D panel program. The developed schemes are applied to a barge-type FPSO hull equipped with two partially filled tanks. The time-domain simulation results show similar trend when compared with MARIN's experimental results. The most pronounced coupling effects are the shift or split of peak-motion frequencies. It is also found that the pattern of coupling effects between vessel motion and liquid sloshing appreciably changes with filling level. The independent frequency-domain coupled analysis also shows the observed phenomena.     

Strength Characterization of Sand-Bentonite Mixtures and the Effect of Cement Additives

This article studies the strength properties of compacted sand-bentonite landfill barrier material with and without cement addition at different periods of aging. Test results indicated that strength values, both in compression and tension, increased up to threefold in cement added samples, as well as enhancing the ductile behavior. Cubic modulus, described as the slope of the elastic portion of the cubic compressive stress versus strain curves, is determined along with initial and flexural moduli, and all the strength and moduli values were correlated with each other. Finally, it is concluded that there is a marked improvement in strength properties and moduli with cement inclusion and that the effect of aging has been very effective.     

单重保温管海底管线在铺设状态的层间剪力分析

以渤海某油田海底管线建设项目为例,根据单重保温管的结构特点,根据力的层间传递特性和变形协调条件,建立了进行单重保温管各层层间剪切力和保温层中剪应力的计算方法,为海底单重保温管的设计提供了依据。     

劈裂式灌浆技术在孤石滩水库闸坝接头段隐患处理中的应用

针对闸坝接头段粘土心墙质量不合格、存在大量裂缝等问题,拟采用充填式灌浆法进行处理,但充填式灌浆试验结果表明：灌浆压力太小,不能灌进浆液。根据闸坝接头段粘土心墙中有2道刺墙、坝基为红色砂岩、溢洪道左侧闸墙等特殊情况,通过白氏“孔底注浆、全孔灌注”劈裂式灌浆的反复试验,表明在常规灌浆压力条件下,对坝体粘土心墙中下部段亦无法灌进浆液;在加强各项观测工作,严格控制坝顶劈裂缝某点最大宽度,使之等于4 cm（规范规定为3 cm之内）,且回弹比大于80 %的条件下,进行了大幅度提高灌浆压力的试验,最终确定中部灌浆段施工灌浆压力为0.15～0.23 MPa,下部灌浆段为0.25～0.40 MPa。结果表明,灌浆效果很好。其一,灌浆1年半后,所灌浆液充填、固结较好,且与周边土体胶结较好,灌浆后粘土心墙质量有所改善;其二,灌浆后至今7年多,经多次洪水考验,闸坝接头段无异常。     

The Dust Coma of Comet C/1999 S4 (Linear)

Comet C/1999 S4 (LINEAR) showed a very special behaviour between 28 June and1 July 2000. Optical observations of the dust coma in two distinct continuum bandsrevealed that it changed morphologically as well as in colour. The two-dimensionalcoma morphology indicates a splitting of the nucleus which probably occurred shortlybefore the observations of 28 June 2000. The distribution of the dust particles in sunand tail direction reflected by the slopes of the radial profiles indicate the presence ofa considerable amount of disintegrating dust particles in the sunward hemisphere andan overabundance of dust, reflecting at 440 nm, within the first 18,000 km of the dusttail. The spatial profiles of the (BC–RC) colour index in sun direction are distinctly different on 28 June and 1 July, indicating the production of a large amount of particles observable in blue continuum after 28 June.     

Research on the ShakeMap System with Consideration of Site Effects

In accordance with the principle of similarity in geology and topography,the V3S0(the average shear-velocity down to a 30m depth below the surface) approximation of sites is acquired by correlation between V3S0 and slopes after calculating the maximum slope of topography using the 30-sec Chinese Mainland DEM(Digital Elevation Model) data set.Site-amplification factors are then quantified with V3S0 and applied to the ShakeMap system developed by this study to revise ground-motion amplitudes on bedrock estimated from empirical relationships.Finally,the distribution of ground motion parameters on the surface is obtained.This article also introduces the calculation process,calculation models of the ShakeMap systems and related software systems.In conclusion,certain examples indicate that the ShakeMap system is feasible in the Chinese Mainland.     

地壳剪切波分裂研究及地震定位误差对剪切波分裂分析的影响

地壳介质的各向异性主要是由大量充满液体的微裂隙的定向排列引起的, 剪切波穿过这种含有微裂隙的介质时会产生分裂。 剪切波分裂参数与地壳介质的物理性质有关, 与区域应力场有关。 在地壳剪切波分裂研究中, 地震的定位误差对剪切波分裂参数有影响。 本文简单介绍了几种影响定位精度的因素; 并对定位误差特别是深度方向的误差所引起的时间延迟变化进行了讨论, 比较了不同大小的深度误差对归一化后的时间延迟的影响, 定量分析结果显示, 深度定位误差对慢剪切波时间延迟影响很大。 剪切波分裂分析方法有多种, 本文还对不同的剪切波分裂分析方法做了简介。     

基于围岩片帮形迹的宏观地应力估计方法探讨

基于深部地下勘探隧洞围岩应力型片帮破坏是岩体初始地应力作用的最直观结果的认识,建立借助围岩片帮形迹分析工程区岩体宏观地应力的估计方法。该方法通过对比分析地应力作用下多个交叉隧洞围岩的片帮空间分布特征和烈度强弱关系,建立岩体3个初始主应力的空间大小和方向关系;采用片帮劈裂纹方位角统计获得岩体最大主应力方向;依据片帮的应力门槛值和起裂应力门槛值估算出3个主应力量值。现场实测地应力数据和多工况数值计算分析都有力地表明,借助该分析方法获得的白鹤滩右岸厂址区域三维地应力是科学、合理的,这也为深入认识工程区地应力特征提供了一条新思路