干湿循环条件下固化污泥的物理稳定性研究

针对采用水泥和膨润土为固化材料处理的污水厂污泥为研究对象,采用干湿循环试验测量了在水分强烈变化下固化体的质量、体积、含水率及强度等参数的变化情况,进而评价固化污泥的干湿耐久性。结果表明,水泥的掺入是提高固化体干湿耐久性的主要因素,但要达到一定的掺入量才能发挥作用。膨润土对固化体的干湿耐久性影响呈现两面性,适当地掺入膨润土有利于干湿耐久性的形成,而过多地掺入膨润土反而不利于干湿耐久性的形成。在水泥掺入质量比小于或等于0.4时,干湿循环后固化体相对控制样强度明显提高,但体积显著减小,而水泥掺入质量比大于0.4时,干湿循环后固化体相对控制样强度有所下降而体积基本不变。     

椒南化工区排污口附近海域的底栖生物状况

利用2002年6～7月椒南化工区排污口附近海域生态调查资料,对该海域底栖生物的种类组成、数量分布及其生态群落多样性等进行了分析和研究,结果表明:(1)该海域底栖生物种类贫乏,多毛类Polychaeta、海地瓜Acaudinamolpadioidea及纵肋织纹螺Nassariusvari-ciferus等耐污种类为优势种;(2)该海域底栖生物生物量较低,且局部海域出现了无底栖生物现象;(3)该海域底栖生物多样性指数低、丰富度低、优势度大,表明底栖生物的生态环境已受到严重污染。     

真空负载方式对疏浚淤泥脱水过程中脱水规律的影响

采用自主改装的变压头黏土渗透仪,模拟疏浚淤泥脱水过程中水分在淤泥颗粒多孔介质中的迁移运动过程,通过测定疏浚淤泥脱水过程中渗透系数与过滤常数、渗水量与滤液量、泥饼含水率与孔隙率,探究了负载压力为100 kPa时,不同负载方式（负载时间及负载压力梯度变化）对疏浚淤泥脱水过程中过滤和渗流规律的影响。研究发现：负载下的过滤和渗流同时进行,负载1 h期间,前期0～40 min内过滤占主导地位,后期40～60 min内渗流起关键作用。负载压力梯度由原来1 h内间隔变化1次,变为以20 kPa为梯度递增变化5次,随着压力变化梯度减小,渗透系数、过滤常数增加,淤泥脱水性能得到较明显的改善,并且前期负载压力越小,脱水效果越好。     

模糊综合评价法在土壤环境质量评价中的应用实例

The soil environmental quality was evaluated by fuzzy comprehensive assessment method,which could decrease the gradual change and fuzz of soil environmental pollution.The soil environmental quality at five plots of sewage irrigation region in Fuxin was validated by fuzzy comprehensive assessment method.The results indicate that this assessment method is feasible.And the method can also detect the soil environmental grades scientifically.The effects of different pollution factors on soil environmental quality can be estimated,and the pollution grades can be divided and evaluated.The method can provide the base for soil environmental plan and pollution prevention and cure.     

真空预压联合石灰稳定法改良淤泥土试验研究

在工程用土资源越来越紧张和环境日益恶化的情况下淤泥资源化利用成为一个亟待解决的问题。通过向河底淤泥中掺入一定量的生石灰,再用真空预压结合外加剂木质素磺酸钙来改善土体的渗透、强度和变形等特性,总结并分析了掺木量对稳定排水量,稳定沉降量、强度、孔隙等的影响以及真空预压后石灰稳定土龄期下土体强度的变化规律。试验结果表明,抽真空后改良土具有较低含水率,土体强度增长较大,孔隙较小,后期沉降较小,加固土体以满足填筑用土要求,经济性分析表明该法是可以接受的。     

用硫化物矿物处理电镀厂废水技术研究

大多数环境工程材料是通过表面作用（ 吸附或共沉淀） 来清除水中的有毒有害物质的,这就要求材料本身具有高表面活性。在搞清硫化物固／ 液界面行为机理的基础上,本文采用高表面活性的硫化物作为吸附剂,以重金属污染大户———电镀厂的酸性废水作为处理对象,研制了一种低成本、高效益、以废治废、简便易行的重金属污染物处理技术———硫化物矿物→鼓气搅动→ＣａＯ 调ｐＨ 值。废水经处理后,完全可以达到国家规定的排放标准。该技术的研制,对保护和净化环境具有重要的现实意义,同时具有广阔的应用前景。     

对虾养殖排海废水对莱州湾环境影响的动力学计算

本文采用ＡＤＩ法对莱州湾的潮流进行了数值模拟,在此基础上,计算了莱州湾沿岸养殖区排海废水在主要半日分潮作用下的空间分布状况,推算出对虾养殖废水对近海环境的影响周期。     

Insect communities of Phragmites habitats used for sewage purification: Effects of age and area of habitats on species richness and herbivore-parasitoid interactions

In 1994, 28 sewage purification plants based on common reed Phragmites australis were analyzed, to study fragmentation effects on diversity and on food web structure of insect communities. Purification plants differed in age (2 to 11 years) and area (10 to 2,500 m²). Both age and area were significantly correlated with species richness of herbivores. Populations of the two most abundant herbivores, the gall makers Lipara pullitarsis (Diptera, Chloropidae) and Giraudiella inclusa (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae), increased significantly with age and size of the Phragmites habitats, i.e. the purification plants. Incidence curves showed that only habitats older than 6 years and larger than 100 m² have a 50% probability of finding these two most abundant gall makers, and can correspondingly be considered to contribute to insect species conservation. Natural enemies were even more susceptible to habitat fragmentation than their phytophagous hosts or prey, thereby hampering possible biocontrol. Percent parasitism of both the Lipara and Giraudiella gall makers significantly increased with habitat age.     

综合治理太湖污染的一种方法：为环境目的而挖泥

The eutrophication of Lake Taihu is becoming more serious day by day and more urgent to be comprehensively harnessed. The lake sludge is considered as a important polluting factor. To control the internal pollution source of Lake Taihu and restore its water ecological environment, this paper put forward an idea of the dredging for environmental purposes. It was on the basis of the research on the sludge storage and physical/chemical characteristics. The technical keys are sludge-dredging depth, time, method and sludge treatment. The requirements and scheme for the environmental dredging work in Lake Taihu were also analyzed in detail.