畜禽养殖粪污水中N、P等含量的研究及对环境影响的分析

根据不同畜禽养殖污水产生系数与污染物平均浓度,计算出不同畜禽养殖粪污中COD、TN和TP的含量。并对畜禽养殖业产生的污染物对环境可能产生的污染影响进行分析。进一步说明畜禽粪污必须要妥善处理,否则会对环境造成危害,尤其是对水环境的影响将是巨大的。     

市政污水厂尾水对文蛤卵黄蛋白原的诱导效应研究

本研究目的是检验市政污水厂尾水排放对海洋双壳类动物文蛤的内分泌干扰效应,判断其血浆中卵黄蛋白原(Vtg)水平作为尾水受纳海域雌激素效应生物标志物可行性。将文蛤在不同浓度的尾水-海水混合液(0%、1%、5%、10%、20%、40%)中持续暴露培养20d,定期测定雄性文蛤血浆中Vtg含量,分析暴露期间Vtg水平随尾水体积比(EVR)和培养时间的变化趋势。结果表明,暴露培养10d后,尾水体积比40%的处理组中雄性文蛤的血浆Vtg含量明显上升(P0.05),随着培养时间延长到15和20d,在较低的EVR(10%、20%)下也能监测到尾水对文蛤Vtg的明显诱导,表明污水处理厂尾水中存在一定数量的内分泌活性物质,对雄性文蛤具有显著类雌激素效应;Vtg最大值出现在EVR20%的尾水暴露15d以及EVR40%的尾水暴露20d,分别比对照组增加45.86%和47.40%。如果采用笼养文蛤监测尾水受纳海域的类雌激素效应,适宜的暴露时间为20d,此时采集的雄性文蛤Vtg可指示较大范围尾水的影响。     

Response of benthic opportunistic polychaetes and amphipods index to different perturbations in coastal oligotrophic areas (Canary archipelago,North East Atlantic Ocean)

Oligotrophic areas harbour low macrofaunal abundance and patchy distribution. In these areas it is necessary to test the reliability of biological indicators, especially those based on taxonomic sufficiency where the level of identification is balanced against the need for ecological information and could affect the efficiency of bioindicators. The BOPA (benthic opportunistic polychaetes and amphipods) index was applied in five coastal areas subjected to different perturbations (aquaculture, harbour, brine, sewage, and thermal pollution) in the Canary archipelago, an oligotrophic area of the Atlantic Ocean. Significant differences in the BOPA index between impact and control sites were only found in the area affected by a harbour. Perturbations such as aquaculture, brine or sewage discharge produce only a weak response of the BOPA index, whereas no effects were observed at thermal pollution‐impacted locations. The BOPA index should be used with caution to establish the ecological status of coastal water bodies in the Canary Islands, since it was only reliable in strongly impacted regions (enlargement harbour works), but did not respond clearly to other man‐induced perturbations.     

城市公园污水生态化处理方法和模式研究

分析城市公园污水特点,从有利于保护生态环境、地下水资源和节约成本的角度,分析了适合我国城市公园污水生态化处理的方法以及处理模式,最后对我国今后城市公园污水处理系统建设提出建议.     

龙口市污水灌区与清水灌区冬小麦植被指数变化差异分析

为了研究污水灌溉对农田土壤环境和作物生长的影响,利用2008—2009年10期中国环境与灾害监测预报小卫星(HJ-1A)CCD1影像数据,结合龙口市冬小麦物候期的变化特征提取出单一冬小麦种植区,反演了冬小麦生长期内的归一化植被指数(NDVI),并对污水灌区和清水灌区的冬小麦植被指数进行比对分析,最后结合相应的重归一化植被指数(RDVI)和叶面积指数(LAI)进行验证。结果显示,研究区内污水灌溉已经对灌区的作物生长产生了一定的影响,污水灌溉区作物的生长状况明显不及清水灌溉区作物长势。说明污水灌溉会导致冬小麦的长势变差,对污水排放的控制和污水无污化处理势在必行。     

浅谈我国城市剩余污泥的处置途径

随着城市污水处理量的增加,剩余污泥的产量也急剧增加。如何实现污泥的资源化,减量化引起了很大的关注。本文介绍了我国剩余污泥处置与利用现状,探讨研究了污泥资源化利用的途径,指出近期剩余污泥处置利用的趋势。     

污水处理厂规模与技术相对有效评估研究

首先使用数据包络分析方法建立一个污水处理厂的效率评价模型，然后对天津、上海、海口等7个污水处理的实况进行测评分析。     

Flow Behavior of Clay-Silt to Sand-Silt Water-Rich Suspensions at Low to High Shear Rates: Implications for Slurries, Transitional Flows, and Submarine Debris-Flows

Water-rich clay to sand suspensions show a shear rate dependent flow behavior and knowledge of the appropriate rheological model is relevant for sedimentological, industrial and hydraulic studies. We present experimental rheological measurements of water-rich (40 to 60 wt%) clay to silt (population A) and silt to sand (population B) suspensions mixed in different proportions. The data evidence a shear rate dependent shear thinning-shear thickening transition. At lower shear rates, the suspensions organize in chains of particles, whereas at higher shear rates, these chains disrupt so increasing the viscosity. The viscosity, consistency and yield stress decrease as the A+B fraction decreases as the content of B particles increases. This behavior reflects the competing effects of the lubrication and frictional processes as a function of particle size and water content. Transitional flows form by the incorporation of small amounts of the finer fraction while ‘oceanic floods’ form at the estuary of rivers and the submarine debris-flows increase their velocity by incorporating water. The critical Reynolds number of the studied suspensions is ~2000±100 suggesting that the grainsize plays a major role in the laminar to turbulent transition. Our results have implications for the modeling of sediment flows and the hazard related to floods.     

福岛第一核电站事故及核污水排海进入中国海路径及其影响

自2011年3月日本福岛第一核电站事故发生以来,其对中国海的影响一直备受国内高度关注。基于近10年的研究成果,本文综述了福岛第一核电站事故释放的放射性核素进入中国海的海洋传输路径主要为表层环流和模态水(亚热带模态水和中央模态水),经表层环流和模态水到达中国海的时间尺度分别在10—15年和2—3年之间。对比分析福岛第一核电站事故前后可知:南海¹³⁷Cs活度持平,黄海¹³⁷Cs活度稍有降低,但东海¹³⁷Cs活度有所升高。鉴于目前有限的监测站位和短期的观测时间,福岛第一核电站事故对中国海的影响程度大小还有待于长期监测和进一步的评估。同时针对日本政府宣布福岛第一核电站核污水排海计划,分析了其潜在的风险和指出了未来的研究方向。