藏东察雅县察拉地区中生代花岗岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄和构造环境

藏东察拉地区广泛发育中生代侵入岩体,沿澜沧江结合带呈带状展布,以复式岩基、岩枝和透镜体产出,侵入于早石炭世卡贡岩卡组和吉塘群变质岩系中,主要岩性有二长花岗岩、花岗闪长岩及少量闪长岩。目前该区研究程度较低,报道较少,构造意义不明确。本次在察拉地区获得4个岩体样品的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄数据,时代为中—晚三叠世,其中1件样品测试结果为219.8Ma±2.4Ma,代表澜沧江结合带闭合期的年龄,其余3件测试结果相近,分别为239.2Ma±1.7Ma、241.5Ma±2.3Ma和242.5 Ma±1.6Ma,为俯冲消减期的年龄。岩石地球化学特征表明,区内岩体具有从同碰撞一直到碰撞后板内花岗岩的特点,经历了从造山运动的碰撞前期至造山运动最后阶段的构造体制转变过程,总体为"后造山"构造环境,为澜沧江洋板块向东与昌都微陆块碰撞之后地壳伸展、快速隆升背景下地壳深熔的结果。     

基于各向异性AVO的裂缝弹性参数叠前反演方法

基于各向异性理论,将具有水平对称轴的高角度裂缝介质等效为HTI介质。首先,通过分析HTI介质反射界面的纵波反射系数公式,研究裂缝介质振幅随偏移距和方位角的变化特征,探索了方位各向异性介质弹性参数和各向异性参数的叠前反演方法。其次,为更好地估测介质的弹性参数:纵波阻抗IP、横波阻抗IS以及各向异性梯度Γ,对反射系数近似式进行了简化,同时对简化公式的精度进行了对比分析。最后,选取2D逆掩断层模型,利用褶积公式制作不同方位的合成地震道集,并对合成地震道集添加随机噪声(信噪比为2∶1),将其应用于方位AVO叠前反演算法试算中。结果表明,当信噪比为2时,方位AVO叠前反演所得纵波阻抗、横波阻抗及各向异性梯度的估测值与模型真实值基本吻合,而且估测值能够较准确地反映原始模型的地层特征,验证了方位AVO叠前反演算法的准确适用性。     

松辽地块大地构造属性: 古生界碎屑锆石年代学的制约

对松辽地块南部上古生界哲斯组的碎屑锆石应用LA--ICP --MS U --Pb 测试的结果显示了4 个主要的年龄段: 263 ～ 378 Ma ( 峰值年龄274 Ma) ; 405 ～ 547 Ma ( 峰值515 Ma) ; 660 ～ 974 Ma ( 峰值为 923 Ma) ; 其余均为中元古代年龄1 165 Ma、1 369 Ma、1 476 Ma、1 517 Ma。其中最年轻一组锆石年龄263 ± 2 Ma 代表了哲斯组主体沉积的下限年龄; ～ 274 Ma 的峰期年龄与附近地区的大石寨组火山岩和岛弧岩浆岩的年龄一致; ～ 515 Ma 的峰期年龄与东北地区泛非期基底变质杂岩的年龄一致; 其余的古老年龄均反映了松辽地块基底的信息。结合松辽地块的北部上古生界土门岭组、西部本巴图组和东缘黑龙宫组的碎屑锆石年龄,显示松辽地块应存在太古代和元古代的变质基底,为古生界地层提供了丰富的物源。松辽地块应为一个稳定的微地块,而不是长期活动的造山带。     

西藏冈底斯地区斑岩铜矿识别的最佳多光谱遥感异常判据研究

文章应用多光谱遥感技术,对冈底斯斑岩铜矿带的实例(驱龙、甲玛、朱诺、冲江、夏玛日等矿床)进行了研究和总结,包括ASTER和ETM+数据技术特征、蚀变异常找矿的地质依据、蚀变异常提取的波谱前提、多光谱矿致遥感异常提取的常见技术方法、去干扰异常主分量门限化技术流程、冈底斯斑岩铜矿带找矿模型最佳遥感异常判据研究等.确定了ASTER主分量分析提取的羟基异常OHA6、OHA5同心套合异常可做为斑岩铜矿的最佳多光谱遥感异常判据,在从夏玛日至朱诺的13景共46万平方公里的ASTER提取异常中,依此判据圈定了冈底斯20处有潜能的斑岩铜矿异常.此外,还对夏玛日景遥感异常进行了解译,并提出了3处钻孔孔位建议.     

Tectonic settings of porphyry Cu–Mo–Au deposits in the Himalayan–Tibetan orogen,East Tethys

Porphyry Cu (Mo–Au) deposits in the Himalayan–Tibetan orogen formed during the Late Triassic, Early Cretaceous, Eocene, Oligocene, and Miocene and can be classified into different metallogenic belts according to their petrologic features, mineralization ages, and tectonic settings. A close spatial relationship to regional strike–slip faults is evident in all five belts. Porphyry Cu (Mo–Au) deposits exist in a wide range of tectonic environments, including island arc, syn-collision, post-collisional convergence, and continental-transform plate boundaries.

Porphyry Cu deposits cluster in the southernmost part of the Yidun–Zhongdian Belt, along the N–S-trending Gaze River dextral strike–slip fault. Porphyry Cu deposits in the Lijiang–Jinping Belt lie along the Ailaoshan–Red River continental–transform shear zone and the associated strike–slip faults. The Yulong–Malasongduo porphyry belt is controlled by the Cesuo Fault, a NNW-trending regional dextral transcurrent fault that is associated with Palaeogene westward continental oblique subduction along the Jinsha suture. In the Gangdis Belt, Miocene porphyry Cu deposits are localized along N–S-trending normal faults, which were produced by transpression within the regional NW–SE-trending Karakoram–Jiali fault zone (KJFZ). A close spatial relationship between porphyry Cu deposits and strike–slip faults also exists for the Bangong–Nujiang Belt.     

Mesozoic molybdenum deposits in the East Xingmeng orogenic belt,northeast China: characteristics and tectonic setting

Numerous molybdenum (Mo) ore deposits have been discovered in the East Xingmeng orogenic belt (East Central Asian orogenic belt), over the past 10 years, and this region is becoming one of the world's most important Mo production areas. It contains 6.18 Mt of proven Mo metal reserves, which accounts for 30% of the total proven Chinese Mo reserves. The ore district includes 37 deposits and 15 occurrences, with three major Mo ore types, that is porphyries, skarns, and hydrothermal veins. The latter can be subdivided into quartz- and volcanic hydrothermal-vein types. With the exception of the Ordovician Duobaoshan porphyry Cu–Mo deposit (477 Ma), all the East Xingmeng Mo deposits formed during the Mesozoic. Re–Os dating of molybdenite has documented three episodes of Mo mineralization: Early Triassic (248–242 Ma), Jurassic (178–146 Ma), and Early Cretaceous (142–131 Ma). Early Triassic Mo deposits are distributed along the northern margin fault of the North China Craton (NCC) and include porphyry and quartz vein types. They are characterized by the association of Mo + Cu. Jurassic Mo deposits are mainly distributed in the eastern area and include porphyry, quartz vein, and skarn types. They are typified by Mo alone and/or the association of Mo, Pb, and Zn. Cretaceous Mo deposits are distributed in all areas and include porphyry and volcanic hydrothermal vein types. Similar to the Jurassic ores, they are simple Mo or Mo + Pb + Zn deposits. Volcanic hydrothermal vein deposits are characterized by an association of molybdenum and uranium. The Triassic Mo deposits formed in a syn-collision setting between the Siberian and North China plates. The Jurassic Mo deposits formed in a compressional setting, which was probably triggered by the westward subduction of the palaeo-Pacific plate. The Early Cretaceous Mo deposits are linked to a tectonic regime of lithosphere thinning, which was caused by delamination of thickened lithosphere. However, the Mo deposits in the Erguna terrane of the northwest Xingmeng orogenic belt may be related to the evolution of the Okhotsk Ocean.     

全力扭方位计算公式的全新数学推导

全力扭方位的数学本质是在给定的约束条件下求装置角,使得方位变化达到最大。文献中已有的几种求解方法在求解过程中没有考虑约束条件,这使得有关计算公式缺乏严格的数学基础。使用有约束极值问题的标准求解方法——拉格朗日乘数法对全力扭方位问题重新进行了数学表述,并推导出了最优解的计算公式。     

碰撞与花岗岩——碰撞是构造事件,不是构造环境

碰撞与花岗岩的关系是学术界关心的问题,但是,当前在碰撞与花岗岩关系的研究中存在许多误区.本文认为,碰撞是地壳浅部的构造事件,不属于构造环境范畴.碰撞本身不产生花岗岩,花岗岩形成需要热,热主要来自地幔,是来自地幔的热使下地壳底部熔融才形成了花岗岩.碰撞和碰撞后花岗岩地球化学性质不同,原因与碰撞或碰撞后无关,而与碰撞导致的地壳厚度变化有关.碰撞不是构造环境,现今所用的花岗岩构造环境判别图如果包含有碰撞的内容全部是错误的.     

小秦岭地区早白垩世酸性侵入岩地球化学特征及构造环境

小秦岭地区地处华北地台南缘、豫陕两省交界地段.区内早白垩世酸性岩浆活动强烈.该区内文峪、华山、娘娘山3个花岗岩体的岩石地球化学特征如下:w(SiO2)为68.13％～73.56％,w(Al2O3)为13.50％～16.27％,w(MgO)为0.11％～0.44％,全碱质量分数为7.62％～8.94％,碱度率(AR)2.63～3.67,铝饱和指数(A/CNK)0.95～1.05,属高钾钙碱性Ⅰ型花岗岩.富集大离子亲石元素(LILE) Ba、Rb、Sr和亏损高场强元素(HFSE) Nb、Ta、P、Ti.w(Sr)高达452×10-6～965×10-6,Y和Yb质量分数分别低至5.8×10-6～15.9×10-6和0.63×10-6～1.68×10-6,Cr和Ni含量甚低.稀土元素总量为60.84×10-6～227.44×10-6,轻重稀土元素分馏强烈,[w(La)/w(Yb)]N为12.47～39.19,δ(Eu)为0.73～0.80.岩石具增厚下地壳熔融成因的埃达克岩特征.早白垩世时期,构造体制由挤压向伸展转变、岩石圈大规模减薄是小秦岭及周边地区岩浆活动及金矿大规模成矿作用的地球动力学背景,古老地壳物质在减压作用和底侵幔源岩浆加热的共同作用下发生部分熔融是区内具有埃达克岩特征的花岗岩的成因机制.     

内蒙古那仁乌拉埃达克质花岗岩的发现、成因、锆石U-Pb年龄及其构造意义

在中亚造山带东段华北克拉通北缘,识别出一套晚古生代那仁乌拉黑云母花岗岩。其LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为267.2Ma±1.4 Ma(MSWD=1.3,n=21)和捕获锆石年龄为296.3Ma～296.1Ma、278.8Ma～277.4 Ma;岩石为低钾(拉斑)到高钾钙碱性,弱准铝质到过铝质I型;ΣREE较低,轻重稀土分馏较强(LaN/YbN:15.59～32.36)。在稀土元素配分模式图上,都表现为轻稀土富集,重稀土亏损的右倾散开式。弱到正的铕负异常(δEu:0.79～1.08);在微量元素蛛网图上,相对富集LREE(La,Ce),LILE(K,Rb)和HFSE(Zr,Hf),元素Nb,Ta,P,Ti,Y,Yb,Lu亏损程度较大,元素U,Th,Sr由相对亏损到富集。岩石整体具有埃达克质岩的亲合性,形成于弧向同碰撞过渡的构造环境;锆石εHf(t)值(0.95～4.05)显示具有弱亏损的幔源组分特性,与主量元素、微量元素及REE一致,变化范围都较大,共同暗示其源岩的壳幔混源性。较年轻的锆石Hf模式年龄(1 030.9Ma～1 226.8Ma)与兴蒙造山带范围一致;那仁乌拉花岗岩与西部乌拉特中旗克布岩体,东部吉林大玉山岩体共同组成一条华北克拉通北缘埃达克质岩浆带,其都为与古亚洲洋俯冲碰撞引起的具有弧岩浆性质的年轻的基性玄武质下地壳部分熔融有关的C型埃达克岩。这条埃达克质岩浆带与稍晚期的华北克拉通北缘碱性岩浆带相对应,都具有西部形成早于东部的特征,可能暗示古亚洲洋自西向东逐渐闭合的规律。