Heavy clastic minerals from the Far East island-arc complexes

The results of the study of heavy clastic minerals from the Cretaceous-Paleogene terrigenous complexes of Sikhote-Alin and Kamchatka, as well as from the Cenozoic sediments of the deepwater Vanuatu Trench, are summarized. The data obtained have been interpreted on the basis of their comparison with heavy mineral assemblages of recent sediments deposited in known geodynamic settings. It is shown that the heavy clastic minerals of sedimentary rocks, their relative quantities, and chemical compositions may serve as reliable indicators of different island-arc settings and magmatic processes; these indicators may also be used for identification of such settings in paleobasins of orogenic regions.     

长春市地下水开发环境问题研究

本文根据近期地下水动态监测资料，结合地下水赋存的环境水文地质条件，分析论述了长春市由于不合理开发地下水资源而产生地下水水位下降，水量削减、水质污染、地面沉降等环境地质问题，提出了防治对策及建议。     

塔里木板块东北缘坡北杂岩体矿物成分和铂族元素特征:对硫化物熔离和构造环境的约束

坡北杂岩体位于塔里木板块东北缘北山裂谷带,主要由橄榄岩相、单辉辉石岩相、二辉岩相、辉长岩相、苏长岩相和辉长苏长岩相组成。坡一岩体中硫化物矿体赋存于超镁铁质岩中,而坡东岩体中硫化物矿体赋存于辉长苏长岩相中。坡一和坡东岩体不同岩相中单斜辉石的MgO和CaO含量、斜长石的An值和SiO_2含量连续变化且呈负相关,说明二者可能是同一原始岩浆分离结晶的产物。根据前人计算的原始岩浆成分,我们利用MELTS软件模拟了坡北杂岩体的分离结晶过程。结果表明矿物结晶顺序为:橄榄石→橄榄石+单斜辉石→橄榄石+单斜辉石+斜长石→单斜辉石+斜长石+斜方辉石,与岩相观察一致。坡北杂岩体原始岩浆经过20%分离结晶达到S饱和而发生早期硫化物熔离,形成坡一岩体中矿体。因此,在利用具有最高Fo值(90.9mol%)的橄榄石成分进行的模拟中,坡一岩体早期结晶的纯橄榄岩中橄榄石成分与分离结晶趋势线一致,而斜长橄榄岩中橄榄石成分低于趋势线,可能形成于早期硫化物熔离之后。随后岩浆中S再一次不饱和,但坡一岩体橄榄单辉辉石岩和辉长岩中橄榄石Fo和Ni含量在分离结晶趋势线之下,同时坡东岩体不含矿岩石中铂族元素总量主要在8.9×10~(-9)～29.0×10~(-9)之间,且相对于Ni和Cu明显亏损,说明在岩浆分离结晶晚期再次发生硫化物熔离,而且可能是地壳混染引起的,并形成了坡东岩体中的硫化物矿体。坡东岩体橄榄二辉岩和橄榄辉长苏长岩中橄榄石Fo值(74.5mol%～81.0mol%)较低,但变化范围较大,且Fo和Ni呈负相关关系,这可能是由于橄榄石和硫化物熔体在不平衡状态下发生成分交换造成的。坡北杂岩体超镁铁质岩石中单斜辉石Ti O2含量为0.21%～0.83%,阳离子中呈四次配位的Al(AlZ)为0.8mol%～7.8mol%,与裂谷环境堆晶岩中单斜辉石成分相似。因此,坡北杂岩体可能形成于和塔里木二叠纪地幔柱活动相关的裂谷环境。然而,超镁铁质岩石全岩Nd同位素指示其来源于亏损地幔,并不是地幔柱物质熔融的直接产物。纯橄榄岩和异剥橄榄岩La/Sm,Sm/Yb和La/Yb比值指示其源区为尖晶石二辉橄榄岩地幔。因此,坡北杂岩体源区应为浅部以尖晶石二辉橄榄岩为主的亏损岩石圈地幔,地幔柱在源区部分熔融过程中提供了大量的热。     

沉积物的矿物和地球化学特征与盆地构造、古气候背景

构造和气候的变化是盆地充填和演化的两个主要控制因素,对沉积物而言,其主要是对沉积物类型和分布的控制。从沉积物的矿物学和地球化学的角度,提取了与盆地构造和气候演变有关的主要参数,包括碳酸盐岩矿物中的δ¹³C、δ¹⁸O、石英/长石、高岭石/粘土、伊利石/粘土的比值,反演地质历史中盆地在构造和气候上的变化。对松辽盆地白垩系的研究表明,泉三段、泉四段中石英/长石低值代表了在盆地坳陷期存在着具有一定强度的构造运动。伊利石/粘土和高岭石/粘土的分析反映出松辽盆地白垩世的气候经历了由泉三段沉积期气候干旱到青山口组沉积期气候湿润、姚家组沉积期气候快速转向干旱、嫩一段沉积期湿润的气候和嫩三、四段沉积期湿热气候的演变。碳酸盐岩中碳、氧同位素分析显示松辽盆地在83.3 Ma左右发生了海侵事件,在82.8 Ma左右发生了海退事件。     

Tectonic Setting of the Permo-Triassic Chiang Khong Volcanic Rocks, Northern Thailand Based on Petrochemical Characteristics

The inferred Permo-Triassic Chiang Khong volcanic belt is composed of felsic to mafic volcanic rocks and their pyroclastic equivalents. Almost all the least-altered mafic volcanic rocks are lava flows; a few might have occurred as dykes. These mafic volcanic rocks are non-foliated to weakly foliated, and mostly have porphyritic textures. The phenocrysts/microphenocrysts in porphyritic samples are commonly plagioclase, and may include clinopyroxene, olivine, Fe-Ti oxide, apatite and amphibole. The matrix of lava flows ranges texturally from felty to trachytic but a few samples show felty to ophitic/subophitic, and glassy textures, whereas that of possible dyke samples is holocrystalline. The primary matrix constituents are largely plagioclase and variable proportions of clinopyroxene, Fe-Ti oxide, amphibole, olivine, apatite, quartz, alkali feldspar and/or glass. All the studied samples have been subjected to greenschist-facies regional metamorphism. Chemically, the samples show narrow ranges of least-mobile incompatible-element ratios and range compositionally from dacite to basalt of tholeiitic series. These samples are chemically analogous to those of the Tertiary andesite from Sardinian Rift, Sardinia, Italy, particularly in terms of least-mobile incompatible-element ratios. Accordingly, the studied mafic volcanic rocks are interpreted to have formed in a continental volcanic arc. However, the problem related to the geometry of plate convergence, giving rise to the continental volcanic arc, still exists.     

新疆萨勒布尔山火山碎屑浊积岩的地球化学和构造环境分析

新疆萨勒布尔山上志留统克克雄参数表明其物源为布鲁克碎屑浊积岩。该组的ＲＥＥ,主元素地化学参数表明其物源为布鲁克其组的岛弧型火山主沙尔布尔组的岩浆弧建造,其形成的构造环境为大洋岛弧至活动大陆边缘之间,代表着由大洋向活动大陆转变的趋势。     

中国东北地区新生代火山活动的构造背景

中国东北地区新生代以玄武岩为主的喷发经历了60~29 Ma、25~15 Ma、＜2 Ma三期及不同喷发期之间的过渡阶段,而每一期又可以分为若干旋回。火山作用形成于不同的构造部位,沿断裂和非断裂分布的玄武岩均有存在,且与不同时期的大陆边缘构造演化相匹配。不同的构造背景下火山活动的分布也不同,且具明显的迁移性。构造环境体现为非造山大陆边缘张裂隙、上地幔上隆的陆内拉张环境、陆内非造山环境等特征。上新世晚期—更新世以来的火山活动与中国西南部地区的大陆板块间的碰撞作用没有关系。     

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674987112000266

Major,trace and rare earth element(REE) concentrations of Late Triassic sediments(finegrained sandstones and mudstones) from Hongcan Well 1 in the NE part of the Songpan-Ganzi Basin, western China,are used to reveal weathering,provenance and tectonic setting of inferred source areas. The Chemical Index of Alteration(CIA) reflects a low to moderate degree of chemical weathering in a cool and somewhat dry climate,and an A-CN-K plot suggests an older upper continental crust provenance dominated by felsic to intermediate igneous rocks of average tonalite composition.Based on the various geochemical tectonic setting discrimination diagrams,the Late Triassic sediments are inferred to have been deposited in a back-arc basin situated between an active continental margin(the Kunlun-Qinling Fold Belt) and a continental island arc(the Yidun Island Arc).The Triassic sediments in the study area underwent a rapid erosion and burial in a proximal slope-basin environment by the petrographic data. while the published flow directions of Triassic lurbidites in the Aba-Zoige region was not supported Yidun volcanic arc source.Therefore,we suggest that the Kunlun-Qinling tcrrane is most likely to have supplied source materials to the northeast part of the Songpan-Ganzi Basin during the Late Triassic.     

苏门答腊(印度尼西亚)的火山岩及其地球化学-构造环境判别

本文介绍了苏门答腊(印度尼西亚)火山岩的时代、分布和产状。根据火山岩的岩石化学资料,应用PetroGraph和Minpet2.0岩浆岩地球化学作图软件对60多个中、新生代火山岩岩石化学分析数据进行处理,并对其地球化学-构造环境判别图解的解释,探讨新生代火山岩盆地及其中生代-古生代基底的火山岩形成构造环境。根据这些判别图,认为苏门答腊新生代火山岩盆地基底为大陆边缘裂谷(初始裂谷),并在渐新世以后转化为大陆边缘火山弧。高钾橄榄玄粗岩系列和埃达克岩与苏门答腊火山岩体系共生,显示该区具有寻找斑岩-低温热液型铜-金矿找矿远景。     

膨胀式封隔器在地层测试中的应用

本文介绍了地层测试器的工作原理及膨胀式封隔器的发展历史和国内外现状,分析了膨胀式封隔器的结构和工作原理,设计了封隔器坐封性能测试装置,通过模拟井下封隔器工作环境,测试其坐封和自动解除坐封性能,在测试井进行了双封隔器坐封测试,验证了膨胀式封隔器的良好性能。膨胀式封隔器在地层测试器上的成功应用,为其他能源勘探开发仪器封隔器的应用提供了重要的参考价值。