2019-12-26湖北应城MS4.9地震序列及发震构造讨论

从地震学和地质学的角度探讨2019-12-26应城MS4.9地震的发震构造。采用HYPO2000方法对地震序列进行重新定位,结果表明,余震主要分布在皂市断裂与长江埠断裂之间,总体呈NW向展布,与野外调查Ⅵ度烈度等震线长轴方向基本一致。采用kiwi波形拟合反演方法求解震源机制解,结果显示,主震破裂表现为走滑兼逆冲特征。节面Ⅰ走向NE,与震中以西的潜北断裂走向一致,但距离较远,且与该断裂的产状和受力方式不一致。节面Ⅱ走向NW,与皂市断裂和长江埠断裂相近。分析2条断裂的受力方式认为,在江汉盆地现今NWW向主挤压应力的控制下,皂市断裂与长江埠断裂均具有左旋走滑特征。由于2条断裂走向存在差异,在两者之间产生逆时针错转滑动,使得主震发震面走向处于2条断裂夹角中间方向;同时倾向也与实际断面存在差异,余震分布偏向主震东侧。综合分析认为,皂市断裂与长江埠断裂的构造活动共同引发本次应城地震序列。     

西天山克孜勒扎依劳岩基地球化学特征

克孜勒扎依劳岩基位于新疆阿拉山口西侧,为石炭纪混源序列花岗岩,包括8个侵入序次.主元素地球化学特征是,由较早序次至较晚序次,SiO₂和（K₂O+Na₂O）含量有逐渐增加的趋势;而Mg、Fe、Ca和TiO含量有逐渐减少的趋势.微量元素中,亲铁元素、亲铜元素和亲石元素在岩浆演化过程中各有不同的演化规律.总体来看,大半径亲石元素相对富集,而高场强元素相对亏损.稀土元素特征是其总量自早至晚有逐渐增加的趋势,轻稀土相对富集,而重稀土相对亏损.轻稀土具有较强的分馏作用,而重稀土分馏作用较弱.岩石地球化学资料综合分析显示,由较早序次至较晚序次,侵位深度越来越浅;岩浆的物质来源主要为玄武岩浆分异,主体具有I型花岗岩特征;较早序次形成于阿拉套晚古生代陆缘盆地拉张-聚合阶段,较晚序次形成于阿拉套晚古生代陆缘盆地之闭合-碰撞阶段.     

Focal Mechanism Solutions of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake sequence from P-wave polarities and SH/P amplitude ratios: new results and implications

The 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, a major intraplate earthquake with M _w 7.9, occurred on the slowly deforming Longmenshan fault. To better understand the causes of this devastating earthquake, we need knowledge of the regional stress field and the underlying geodynamic processes. Here, we determine focal mechanism solutions (FMSs) of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake sequence (WES) using both P-wave first-motion polarity data and SH/P amplitude ratio (AR) data. As P-wave polarities are more reliable information, they are given priority over SH/P AR, the latter of which are used only when the former has loose constraint on the FMSs. We collect data from three categories: (1) permanent stations deployed by the China Earthquake Administration (CEA); (2) the Western Sichuan Passive Seismic Array (WSPSA) deployed by Institute of Geology, CEA; (3) global stations from Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology. Finally, 129 events with magnitude over M _s 4.0 in the 2008 WES are identified to have well-constrained FMSs. Among them, 83 are well constrained by P-wave polarities only as shown by Cai et al. (Earthq Sci 24(1):115–125, 2011), and the rest of which are newly constrained by incorporating SH/P AR. Based on the spatial distribution and FMSs of the WES, we draw following conclusions: (1) the principle compressional directions of most FMSs of the WES are subhorizontal, generally in agreement with the conclusion given by Cai et al. (2011) but with a few modifications that the compressional directions are WNW–ESE around Wenchuan and ENE–WSW around Qingchuan, respectively. The subhorizontal compressional direction along the Longmenshan fault from SW to NE seems to have a left-lateral rotation, which agrees well with regional stress field inverted by former researchers (e.g., Xu et al., Acta Seismol Sin 30(5), 1987; Acta Geophys Sin 32(6), 1989; Cui et al., Seismol Geol 27(2):234–242, 2005); (2) the FMSs of the events not only reflected the regional stress state of the Longmenshan region, but also were obviously controlled by the faults to some extent, which was pointed out by Cai et al. (2011) and Yi et al. (Chin J Geophys 55(4):1213–1227, 2012); (3) while the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake and some of its strong aftershocks released most of the elastic energy accumulated on the Longmenshan fault, some other aftershocks seem to occur just for releasing the elastic energy promptly created by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake and some of its strong aftershocks. (4) Our results further suggest that the Longmenshan fault from Wenchuan to Beichuan was nearly fully destroyed by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake and accordingly propose that there is less probability for great earthquakes in the middle part of the Longmenshan fault in the near future, although there might be a barrier to the southwest of Wenchuan and it is needed to pay some attention on it in the near future.     

基于高分辨率层序地层学的测井曲线小波分析模型

以高分辨率层序地层学为指导,以中期基准面上升半旋回和下降半旋回为基本的研究单元,建立其理想的层序地层模型和相应的测井曲线模型,通过Morlet小波对测井曲线模型进行分析,建立中期基准面旋回的小波分析模型,分析小波模型对不同基准面旋回的响应特征。然后以由不同样式中期基准面旋回叠加而成的长期基准面上升半旋回、下降半旋回为研究对象,建立其理想的层序地层模型和测井曲线模型,并利用Morlet小波对测井曲线模型进行分析,建立不同样式长期基准面旋回的小波分析模型,分析小波模型对长期基准面旋回及其内部中期基准面旋回单元、旋回界面的响应特征。史134井实例分析表明,不同样式的基准面旋回的小波分析模型能够有效地应用于层序单元及层序界面的识别和划分,对层序地层学的研究起到较好的指导意义。     

大川中地区须家河组层序-岩相古地理研究

四川盆地上三叠统须家河组油气勘探开始于20世纪40年代,其中须二段、须四段、须六段是主要勘探目的层段,也是盆地周边地区寻找新气源最有利层位之一。根据钻井岩心观察、野外剖面实测和室内镜下岩石薄片鉴定分析,并结合岩石学、测井及地震等沉积相标志研究,确定大川中地区须家河组主要发育扇三角洲、辫状河三角洲和湖泊等沉积相带,进一步划分出若干亚相和微相。利用高分辨率层序地层学理论和技术,在须家河组识别出2个超长期和5个长期基准面旋回层序。以沉积学理论为指导,选择各长期旋回层序为等时地层单元编制四川盆地层序—岩相古地理图。编图结果表明,须家河组5个长期岩相古地理沉降中心、迁移方向和沉积相带的展布严格受龙门山和米仓山—大巴山两造山带非同步的构造格局控制。     

Population genetics of Sargassum horneri (Fucales, Phaeophyta) in China revealed by ISSR and SRAP markers

Sargassum horneri is a common brown macro-alga that is found in the inter-tidal ecosystems of China. To investigate the current status of seaweed resources and provide basic data for its sustainable development, ISSR (inter simple sequence repeat) and SRAP (sequence related amplified polymorphism) markers were used to analyze the population genetics among nine natural populations of S. horneri. The nine studied populations were distributed over 2 000 km from northeast to south China. The percentage of polymorphic loci P% (ISSR, 99.44%; SRAP, 100.00%), Nei’s genetic diversity H (ISSR, 0.107-0.199; SRAP, 0.100-0.153), and Shannon’s information index I (ISSR, 0.157-0.291; SRAP, 0.148-0.219) indicated a fair amount of genetic variability among the nine populations. Moreover, the high degree of gene differentiation G st (ISSR, 0.654; SRAP, 0.718) and low gene flow N m (ISSR, 0.265; SRAP, 0.196) implied that there was significant among-population differentiation, possibly as a result of habitat fragmentation. The matrices of genetic distances and fixation indices (F st ) among the populations correlated well with their geographical distribution (Mantel test R=0.541 5, 0.541 8; P=0.005 0, 0.002 0 and R=0.728 6, 0.641 2; P=0.001 0, 0.001 0, respectively); the Rongcheng population in the Shandong peninsula was the only exception. Overall, the genetic differentiation agreed with the geographic isolation. The fair amount of genetic diversity that was revealed in the S. horneri populations in China indicated that the seaweed resources had not been seriously affected by external factors.     

2003年青海德令哈6.7级地震序列的震源机制解及其构造含义

利用8个流动数字地震台和国家数字地震台站的地震波形记录,测量了2003年4月17日青海德令哈6.7级地震及其主要余震的直达P波、SV波、SH波的初动方向和振幅比,应用Snoke(2003)的测定震源机制解的格点尝试法,测定出德令哈地震序列的48个2.4级以上地震的震源机制解.搜集分析了美国哈佛大学测定的德令哈6.7级主震和2004年二期地震活动中的7个地震的震源机制解.基于余震空间分布特征和对震源机制解特征的分析,讨论了德令哈地震序列的可能断层活动方式和地震的构造含义.结果表明,主震和大部分余震都是沿NWW-SEE走向的逆断层错动,北边的上盘可能沿低角度向北倾的断层面向南仰冲;个别正断层余震可能是震源区挤压变形弧顶区附近发生的局部张性破裂;在二期地震活动中,逆断层和走滑断层都有,走滑断层地震主要发生在震源区东侧.德令哈地震活动是青藏高原东北缘NWW-SEE向延伸的挤压带继续处于隆升活动中的表现,这一继承性新构造运动是德令哈地震序列的可能发震原因.     

唐山地震序列空间分布复杂性原因研究

By analyzing higher-accuracy location data of the Tangshan earthquake sequence,a clear distribution pattern of three aftershock belts in the NE,NWW,and NW directions of has been obtained.The analysis reveals three rupture planes of strong events of MS7.8,MS7.1 and MS6.9 in the sequence.It indicates that the complex pattern is closely related to the earthquake source,and the NE-,NWW-and NW-trending regional fault zones,which have been revealed by the research of the pre-seismicity anomaly.In summary,the source is located in the junction of the three fault zones,and the rupture planes of the three strong events located in the source can be regarded as the locked segments on the three fault zones.On these grounds,the paper explains the complexity of the source and epicentral distribution of aftershocks.     

青海玉树7.1级大震的预测讨论

讨论了2010年4月14日青海玉树大震的震源组合模式。用临界慢化的观点讨论了玉树大震的前震。以异年倍九律与磁暴二倍法相配讨论了玉树大震的发生日期。     

2010年4月14日青海玉树7.1级地震序列中小地震辐射能量的估计

本文利用震后架设的4个流动台站和震源区周围3个固定台站记录到的青海玉树7.1级地震序列波形资料,资料时间截止到2010年5月19日.经过传播路径效应和场地响应校正后,估算了玉树地震序列中80个中小地震的辐射能量.比较了辐射能量估计中不同方法之间结果存在的差异性,首次考虑了由于仪器频带宽度的限制而造成的中小地震辐射能量的低估与补偿问题,得到以下主要结论:(1)分别采用Andrews方法、震源实际谱方法(区分能量补偿前和后二种情况)和根据理论模型并将积分上限外推到所计算地震拐角频率的10倍的方法(理论谱方法)计算出的中小地震辐射能量4种结果基本上位于同一个量级水平之上,表明结果具有一定的可靠性和稳定性.这其中,Andrews方法得到的辐射能量最低,理论谱方法得到的结果最高,而由实际谱方法得到的地震辐射能量介于两者之间.(2)由古登堡经验公式得到的地震辐射能量远高于上述4种方法计算出的结果,能够达到理论谱方法结果的4倍,而且随震级的增大,由它带来的辐射能量的高估趋势更加明显.(3)由于没有考虑地震能量的补偿,Andrews方法得到的地震辐射量明显偏低.用两种不同方法进行地震辐射能量补偿后得到的结果比较接近,但考虑到仪器频带上限值设定的复杂性,认为由理论谱方法计算中小地震的辐射能量更加合适.(4)经过能量补偿后地震辐射能量要高于未作能量补偿的结果,能量补偿带来的辐射能量增加的作用对于小地震更加明显.在本文研究范围之内,不同方法得到的折合能量均明显存在随地震矩的增大而增大的现象,反映出玉树余震序列中大震地震辐射效率高于小震.