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201.
大陆裂谷盆地层序地层学的研究 总被引:8,自引:1,他引:8
本文以松辽裂谷盆地为例,讨论了层序地层学在陆相湖泊盆地中的应用实例,提出了适用于内陆湖泊盆地的层序地层学的术语和模式。根据大陆裂谷盆地的演化阶段特征,划分为同裂谷沉降超层序和后裂谷沉降超层序,指出两个超层序在形成机制和组份上的差异,并相应建立了两类层序地展模式;根据古湖泊发展过程中出现枯水湖—丰水期—枯水期的周期性演化特点,划分为湖进体系域、湖泛体系域和湖退体系域。 相似文献
202.
冀中中奥陶统高频率旋回层序的基本特征 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
王立峰 《沉积与特提斯地质》1994,(6)
通过野外实测剖面及路线观察,河北中部中奥陶统马家沟群的高频率旋回可划分为三个级别,并与层序地层学术语可以对比,由低到高为;六级旋回──韵律层;五级旋回──准层序;四级旋回──准层序组。这些由米兰柯维奇驱动力所控制的旋回层序在不同的沉积环境中具有不同岩石组合特征,反映了高频率旋回的沉积模式。 相似文献
203.
根据岩石结构、构造及生物碎屑含量等特征,将本区栖霞组分为3类微相:A.生物碎屑灰岩;B.灰泥岩;C.具水平层纹的含炭质泥质细生物屑灰岩(泥灰岩).在剖面上,这3类微相组合成CA、CB或以C微相为主的韵律.不同韵律纵向上有规律的叠置常构成厚约10余米的沉积旋回.根据沉积旋回在垂向上的更替,在本区栖霞组内可识别出4次较大的海平面变化,周期约3My.通过与同期泛大陆北方各大陆上所发育的旋回层的对比,作者认为本区栖霞组内的4次海平面变化属三级海平面变化,对应4个三级层序,为全球冰川性海平面变化的结果,可与同期北美大陆上海平面变化曲线对比. 相似文献
204.
伊通地堑层序构成及层序地层格架样式 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:5
伊通地堑充填白垩系、下第三系、上第三系和第四系碎屑沉积物,厚约2000~6000m。地堑内主要发育冲积扇体系、扇三角洲体系和湖泊体系,在地堑不同演化阶段分别构成6种沉积体系域类型.层序地层格架主要受控于构造、物源体系、湖的扩展及萎缩旋回和沉积中心分布。层序地层格架样式显示南北向隆回相间、东缓西陡的不对称式充填特征。 相似文献
205.
兴地断裂发生在中元古代末期,使中元古巨厚的沉积岩发生了强烈褶皱和隆起,并伴有大量岩浆侵入和区域变质作用。在兴地断裂形成的同时,发生了第一期构造变形,其特点以韧性变形为主,由三个变形幕构成,形成了本区主要构造骨架;晚元古代本区进入晋宁期发展阶段,团结的塔里木地台基底局部裂开,形成一系列近东西向的断陷盆地,发生了第二期变形,形成以塑性变形为主的板劈理和千枚理为其特征。该期变形结束了塔里木基底发展,进入了稳定盖层沉积发展阶段;进入早古生代,兴地断裂控制了该时期的沉积作用,之后发生第三期变形,以脆性变形为主,形成一系列碎裂岩和脆性变形组构,使兴地断裂形成几十米乃至上百米宽的破碎带,从而改造了早期的糜棱岩;至中、新生代,兴地断裂再次活动,形成断裂两侧南升北降的扭动形迹。通过对兴地断裂的深入探讨,笔者认为:该断裂具有线性特征明显,活动时间漫长,构造变形复杂,是塔里木盆地北缘规模巨大的复活大断裂。 相似文献
206.
The Eocene Maoming oil shale from Guangdong Province occurs as a laterally uniform stratigraphic section, typically 20–25 m thick, from which the aliphatic hydrocarbon constituents of six representative samples were investigated using GC and C-GC-MS. The sediments evaluated included the basal lignite, a vitrinite lens from the overlying claystone, and four intervals from the massive oil shale bed. As expected, the lignite and vitrinite differ markedly from the oil shales. The lignite is dominated by bacterial hopanoids and components of higher plant origin, including C29 steroids and triterpenoids such as oleanenes. Visually, the oil shale samples show corroded and degraded phytoclasts, spores, wispy particles of fluorescent organic material attributable to dinoflagellates and, especially in the uppermost sample, colonial algal bodies. The distributions of biological markers in the oil shales show many features in common, notably a dominance of dinoflagellate-derived 4-methylsteroids, and a significant proportion of higher-plant derived n-alkanes with marked odd-over-even carbon number predominance. Overall, they exhibit several features that resemble characteristics of the Messel shale. The hydrocarbons of the lowest shale horizon suggest that there may have been a gradual transition between deposition of the original peat and the subsequent oil shales. The aliphatic hydrocarbons of the uppermost shale are dominated by a number of C31 and C33 botryococcane homologues and other unusual branched alkanes possibly derived from green algae. All of the samples are immature. Overall, molecular and microscopic examination of the stratigraphic succession of the Maoming oil shale suggests a shallow, lacustrine environment within which peats were deposited. This lake subsequently deepened to support abundant algal populations, especially dinoflagellates, culminating in a dominance of botryococcoid algae. 相似文献
207.
Ger Van Graas 《Organic Geochemistry》1986,10(4-6)
Biomarker distributions in a suite of asphaltenes and kerogens have been analysed by flash pyrolysis directly coupled to a GCMS system. Attention has been focussed on biomarkers of the sterane and triterpane types. The sample suite under investigation consists of sediments with different kerogen types and some crude oils. Biomarker distributions in the pyrolysates have been compared with the “free” biomarkers in the corresponding saturated hydrocarbon fractions.The analyses show significant differences between the distributions of the free biomarkers and those in the pyrolysates. The latter have lower amounts of steranes while diasteranes are absent or present at low concentrations only. In the triterpane traces a shift of maximum intensity from C30 (free compounds) to C27/C29 is observed. Furthermore, the pyrolysates contain a set of triterpenes (not present among the free compounds), and there is a selective loss of “non-regular” triterpanes that are present in the saturated hydrocarbon fractions. The observed differences between pyrolysates and free hydrocarbons can be explained partly by the processes occurring during pyrolysis such as bond rupture and subsequent stabilisation of primary pyrolysis products. To a certain extent these differences also show that maturation processes occurring in sediments have effects on free biomarker molecules different from those on molecules that are enclosed in a macromolecular matrix (kerogen or asphaltenes).Differences between biomarker distributions of asphaltene and kerogen pyrolysates are relatively small. A comparison with the pyrolysates from extracted whole sediments suggests that these differences are mainly caused by interactions between the organic material and the mineral matrix during pyrolysis.Oil asphaltenes behave differently from sediment asphaltenes as their pyrolysates are more similar to the corresponding saturated hydrocarbon fractions, i.e. the differences described above are observed to a much smaller extent. This different behaviour appears to be the result of coprecipitation of a part of the maltene fraction with the oil asphaltenes. 相似文献
208.
H. Goossens W. Irene C. Rijpstra R.R. Düren J.W. De Leeuw P.A. Schenck 《Organic Geochemistry》1986,10(4-6)
A systematic study of the lipid composition of thirteen bacterial species and three Recent sediments (methanogenic sediment, cyanobacterial mat and evaporative gypsum crust) was undertaken in an attempt to recognize bacterial organic matter in sediments. A sequential method, which distinguishes between three different modes of occurrence of lipid moieties (free, OH−- and H+-labile), was applied. The acid-labile fractions are discussed.The three main groups of bacteria, archaebacteria, gram-positive eubacteria and gram-negative eubacteria, are easily distinguished. Methanogenic and extremely halophilic archaebacteria are characterized by the presence of diphytanyl glyceryl ether and the absence of fatty acids. The gram-positive eubacteria contain primarily iso- and anteiso-branched fatty acids whereas the gram-negative bacteria and sediments are dominated by β- and α-hydroxy fatty acids. A wide variety of H+-labile hydroxy fatty acids was observed which included several, as yet unknown, structures.β-Hydroxy fatty acids in this H+-labile mode of occurrence are exclusively present in bacteria. Their distribution patterns in sediments are considered “fingerprints” of past and present bacterial populations. The specific differences in β -hydroxy fatty acid compositions observed in the different bacteria and the three sediments investigated, suggest that amide-linked β-hydroxy fatty acid patterns are useful as markers of bacterial populations and therefore of environmental conditions. 相似文献
209.
210.
凝缩段的地质意义和作用 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
凝缩段是层序地层学中很重要的标志层,它虽然岩性单调,但引人注目,是沉积作用极不活跃的产物,而这种不活跃有利于金属矿质缓慢聚集和沉淀,因而它与成矿作用密不可分。在地质学上具广泛作用,是指示古板块、层序地层、地层划分与对比、岩相等方面的良好标志。 相似文献