Assessing the impacts of microtopography on soil erosion under simulated rainfall,using a multifractal approach

This study aimed to investigate the changing characteristics of microrelief of purple soil and its erosional response during successive stages of water erosion, including splash erosion, sheet erosion, and rill erosion. Methods employed included a rainfall simulator and the use of a laser scanner to generate a digital elevation model. Three artificial tillage practices, including conventional tillage (CT), artificial digging (AD), and ridge tillage (RT), were used to simulate different microrelief patterns. Eighteen artificial rainfall experiments were conducted using three 2 × 1 m boxes with a rainfall intensity of 1.5 mm min^?1 on a 15° slope. The results showed that the soil roughness (SR) index values for the tillage slopes were RT > AD > CT. The combined effects of detachment by raindrop impact and transport by run‐off decreased the SR index, whereas rill erosion increased the SR index during rainfall event. Microtopography and drainage networks have strong multifractal behaviours. The multifractal parameters of microtopography reflect the overall characteristics as well as the characteristics of the local soil surface. Within a certain range of threshold values, higher microrelief causes less soil erosion. However, when the parameters of spatial heterogeneity of microtopography exceed the threshold values, a higher degree of microrelief can increase soil erosion. These results help clarify the effect of microtopography on soil erosion and provide a theoretical foundation to guide future tillage practices on sloping farmland of purple soil.     

Downstream evolution of wastewater treatment plant nutrient signals using high-temporal monitoring

Wastewater treatment plants are major point-sources of nutrients to streams globally, but the impact on receiving streams is not always clear. Previous research has shown mixed responses in receiving streams, with some showing no net retention through in-stream processing for large distances below plants and some showing high rates of processing and retention. This study focuses on Sandy Run, a small, suburban stream in Montgomery County, PA, that receives effluent from two plants, where effluent makes up an estimated 50% of outlet discharge at baseflow. Two sites were monitored in late summer baseflow using high-temporal loggers to evaluate nitrate and phosphate retention with distance below the plants. Effluent quantity was monitored immediately below the effluent outfalls using specific conductivity as a conservative signal of solute fluctuations throughout the day. A site 1 km downstream showed diel nitrate changes, but despite moderate gross primary productivity and ecosystem respiration rates, there was little net retention of nutrients and the diel nitrate signal can be attributed to advection and dispersion of variable upstream effluent. A site 5.4 km below the plant showed a diel nitrate signal as well, but baseflow daily hysteresis plots of nitrate and specific conductivity showed the effluent and nitrate peaks did not coincide. Instead, the effluent input signal was seen overnight, but there was in-stream removal and release processes during the day. Over the distance to this site, the stream was metabolizing some of the high nutrient loads, although gross primary productivity and ecosystem respiration rates were lower. It is important to understand subdaily changes in nutrient processing to fully quantify the impacts of effluent on small streams at different scales. Furthermore, looking at the diel signal without considering conservative transport would overestimate in-stream processing.     

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网络城市研究回顾:概念、特征与发展经验

信息化、全球化与网络化的时代背景下,网络城市成为新的城市空间发展模式。通过构建多中心网络城市来促进均衡、可持续的地域发展成为规划界的研究热点。网络城市不仅是构建形态上的网络,更重要的是成为具备关键功能性关联的功能实体。本文将从概念辨析与特征描述、形态与结构演化、功能联系与整合分析、典型案例研究四个方面,系统地回顾国内外网络城市相关研究的进展,从而更好地指导国内城市空间发展的实践。     

新型质子旋进磁传感器的研制

新型质子旋进磁传感器在传统探头的基础上,根据新的观测环境要求对探头进行了改进,在实现无向性观测的同时,进一步提高了探头线圈的Q值及抗干扰能力,为提高观测系统的信噪比、降低仪器功耗创造了重要的条件。     

基于GIS的岩溶塌陷分布式光纤监测系统的研发

结合某地区的岩溶塌陷分布式光纤监测的工程实例,开发出一套基于GIS技术的分布式光纤监测数据管理系统。该系统具有监测数据自动入库、监测数据可视化、监测信息查询与对比、监测点实时预警等功能,是一套集智能化分析与决策化管理为一体的多功能管理系统。     

台资跨境生产网络的空间重组——电脑企业从珠三角到长三角的转移

基于从全球生产网络(GPNs) 层面分析区域发展战略性耦合(strategic coupling)的视角,本文探讨自21 世纪初以来,台资跨境生产网络在中国大陆的空间重组,特别是个人电脑 (计算机) 企业从珠三角向长三角地区再布局的动力机制与格局。通过对相关企业的深度访谈与个案研究,指出台资个人电脑企业在珠三角地区与长三角地区的空间再布局是在各区域地方制度下,GPNs 架构中全球领先企业(global lead firms) 与分布在2 个三角洲区域处于 GPNs 较低层级供应企业(supplier firms) 之间进行不同的战略性耦合之结果。研究阐明在经济全球化背景下‘新区域主义’理论对区域发展仅分析区域内部因素之局限性,因应跨地域 (trans-local) 动力的出现,全球生产网络视角下区域内部与外部因素的战略耦合,已成为理解全球经济化下区域发展的重要理论框架。     

环境监测网络中的ZigBee网关服务器

针对在环境监测网络中使用 PC服务器存在造价高、体积大、不易移动,以及客户端软件安装繁琐等问题,设计并实现了一种基于微处理器STM32F101R8和CGI技术的ZigBee网关服务器。该服务器采用内嵌TCP/IP协议栈的网络接口模块芯片W5100,具有UART/SPI/I\+2C/USB多种硬件接口并在可拆卸U盘中植入系统应用程序;环境监测参数由嵌入式网页发布,用户可通过网页远程控制传感器节点。对系统的实际测试结果表明,该设计具有成本低、可靠性高、操作简单等优点,较PC服务器更能满足环境监测的需要。     

基于GPRS的家庭防盗报警系统设计

为了解决当前防盗系统存在的诸如可靠性较差、易破坏,易误报、漏报、处理时间延后、布线繁琐等问题,提出一种基于GPRS的家庭防盗报警系统的设计方案,该系统采用传感器对家庭住所环境实施监控,当有警情发生时,传感器将脉冲信号传送到单片机中进行处理,从而执行中断程序,在声光报警恐吓盗窃分子的同时,单片机控制GPRS模块,将警情短消息发送到预设号码,自动呼叫预设号码,主人便可采取更进一步的安全措施,使警情得到及时处理,保护生命财产安全,最终实现家庭防盗系统的报警功能。     

基于多参数化学传感器的海底热液探测方法研究

基于热液及其羽状流的化学异常提出了一种海底热液的化学式探测方法。根据自行开发的Eh.Ag/Ag₂S和pH三种化学电极,设计了多参数化学传感器系统。通过海试证明多参数化学传感器可灵敏地检测出由热液异常引起的化学量变化,并在长达半年的多次使用中表现出其稳定性好、寿命长的特点。在东太平洋中脊(EPR)赤道区域和西南印度洋中脊(SWIR)的60条测线中,获得有效测线55条,其中在29条测线上发现明显或可能的热液异常。研究表明,应用多参数化学传感器探测进行海底热液化学异常,是一种有效的方法。