Correlation of the major late Jurassic —early Tertiary low- and highstand cycles of south-west Egypt and north-west Sudan

The mainly continental deposits of northwest Sudan and south-west Egypt have been correlated with coeval shallow marine and marine deposits in northern Egypt along a north-south running cross-section, based on surface and subsurface data. The palaeodepth curve of northern Egypt illustrates the gradual seal-level rise, reaching its maximum during the Late Cretaceous with conspicuous advances during the Aptian and late Cenomanian. A general highstand is also recorded during the Campanian-Maastrichtian in north-west Sudan. A detailed facies correlation is given for the Aptian and late Cenomanian highstand in western Egypt. The correlation of the Cenomanian Bahariya and Maghrabi formations displays short-term relative sealevel fluctuations. The interpretation illustrates the extensiveness of related erosional processes in the hinterland, partly intensified by temporarily uplift of the Uweinat-Aswan High in the south. Regional uplift and constant erosion took place in south-west Egypt during Coniacian and Santonian times. The regional stratigraphic gaps and uncertain interpretation of the Bahariya Uplift are induced by the influence of the Trans-African Lineament, especially during the Late Cretaceous. Low-stand fluvial sheet sandstones characterized by non-cyclic sequence development and high facies stability occur, especially in the Neocomian and early Turonian. During the Barremian and Albian, fluvial architecture changes to more cyclic fluvial sequences and increasing soil formation, due to increasing subsidence, more humid climatic conditions and the generally rising sea level, culminating in the extensive shallow marine Abu Ballas and Maghrabi formations.     

贵州瓮福磷矿床含磷岩系沉积层序的划分

应用层序地层学的概念和方法,从沉积特征研究入手,对该区的含磷岩系——洋水组划分出5个沉积层序(旋回),结合层序界面及层序的归纳描述,确定了层序类型,并认为洋水组是一套海进体系域中由一系列低级别退积型沉积层序(旋回)组成的高级层序(Ⅰ级))。     

冻融试验对土中含水量分布的影响

The silty clay and silty loam are two typical soil types obtained from two test sites along the Qinghai-Tibet railway. The two types of soil have been designed various initial dry densities, water eontents, temperature conditions in repeated freezing and thawing tests with free access to water at the bottom. Afterfreeze-thaw cycles, the moisture content in the freeze-thaw zone increases more than that in the unfrozen zone to the peak approximately at the top of the samples. With comparison of the water contents in the frozen and thawed states, the moisture content in the upper freeze-thaw zone in the frozen state is greater than that in the thawed state, while that in unfrozen zone in the frozen state is smaller than that in the thawed state. Within the region of the frost front, the water content in frozen state is smaller than that in thawed state. These findings help to study the freeze-thaw mechanisms deeply and perfect the forecasting module of moisture transferring in freeze-thaw cycles.     

塔里木盆地二叠系划分对比与火山岩分布

根据全盆地钻井与露头剖面对比和地震剖面追踪解释,探讨了塔里木盆地覆盖区二叠系岩石地层的划分对比。二叠系自下而上由一个自然伽玛曲线加积段、三个自然伽玛曲线退积段组成,加积段为南闸组、退积段分别为库普库兹曼组、开派雷兹克组和沙井子组。南闸组是塔里木盆地最后一次海侵形成的滨浅海灰岩泥岩薄互层为主的沉积。库普库兹曼组和开派雷兹克组是两个基性火山岩-酸性火山岩的旋回或基性火山岩-砂泥岩的旋回。沙井子组是一个与区域构造运动有关的冲积扇、辫状河-曲流河沉积的异旋回。二叠系火山岩在和田河、塔中西部和顺托果勒地区厚度较大,库普库兹曼组火山岩一般0~60m,开派雷兹克组火山岩一般0~200m,局部可超过400m。与库普库兹满组火山岩相比,开派雷兹克组火山岩分布范围由塔西南朝塔东北方向有所迁移。中西部的库普库兹曼组火山岩可能喷发于水下。火山通道多沿着古隆起上的断背斜、断鼻构造分布。火山岩可形成油气藏遮挡,或本身形成储层,但火山活动改造或不同程度地破坏了早期已有油气藏。     

东营凹陷地下水动力场的形成与演化

沉积盆地地下水动力场的理想模式可以归纳为对称型和不对称型两种,其中局部地下水动力单元可以划分为泥岩压榨水离心流,大气水下渗向心流,越流、越流蒸发泄水和滞流4种类型。地下水动力场的演化具有旋回性,每个旋回可以分为两个阶段:盆地沉降沉积时期的泥岩压榨水离心流阶段和盆地抬升剥蚀时期的大气水下渗向心流阶段。随沉积盆地的形成与演化,水动力场也有形成、发展和消亡的过程。东营凹陷地下水动力场在平面上呈对称性:总体上大气水由凹陷边缘向凹陷中心渗入,凹陷内部各洼陷为压榨水形成的离心流区,凹陷边缘南部斜坡带和北部断阶带以及凹陷内部中央断裂带为越流泄水区。纵向上,局部水动力单元强度及演化规律与地层的埋藏深度有关。随着埋藏深度的增加,水动力单元强度逐渐减弱。     

初论苏门答腊（印尼）的岩浆一构造旋回及其板块构造背景

本文将晚古生代以来苏门答腊火成岩划分出四个岩浆-构造旋回或岩浆活动期次（海西期、印支期、燕山期和喜山期）,并讨论其板块构造背景。结果表明：分布于西苏门答腊地体海西期酸性侵入岩属于碰撞后地壳的火山弧I-型花岗岩带,其火山岩为大陆拉张带（初始裂谷）中的安山．玄武岩系列,而分布在东苏门答腊地体的大多数酸性侵入岩具有s-型花岗岩的性质。印支期西苏门答腊地体侵入岩为I-型花岗岩,属于火山弧花岗岩。印支期碰撞后板内岩浆活动带（廖内群岛-班加岛-勿里洞岛）的侵入岩以含锡s-型花岗岩为特色。燕山期以后的深成岩-火山岩活动的岩石类型和分布特征,受大陆拉张带（初始裂谷）及其相邻的洋岛的控制。燕山早期细碧岩属于陆缘裂谷火山岩。喜山期火山岩属于陆缘火山弧,其中橄榄玄粗岩落在洋岛玄武岩与洋中脊玄武岩（MORB）交界线附近。     

材料状态对干砂小应变特性的影响

利用注能虚拟质量(EIVM)共振柱系统进行了干砂小应变特性试验,研究了有效平均正应力、土样密度、剪应变幅值以及荷载往复次数对剪切模量和阻尼比的影响。试验结果表明,剪切模量随有效平均正应力与土样密度的增加而增加,而阻尼比的变化规律则与之相反,并且有效平均正应力对干砂小应变特性的影响程度比土样密度的影响程度大得多;随着剪应变的增加,剪切模量越来越小,而阻尼比越来越大;荷载往复次数对剪切模量基本没有影响,而对阻尼比有较大影响。     

中国大地构造区划及若干问题

在"新全球构造"思想的指导下,以板块构造学说为基础,以大陆动力学为线索,对中国区域地质构造和演化进行讨论并进行构造区划。由于板块构造随着时间的推移不断地发生变化,本文的构造区划以古生代时中国的板块构造格局为基础,同时考虑前古生代和后古生代时期中国的地壳构造演化,将中国划分为7个一级构造单元(板块)和30个二级构造单元,包括克拉通(或微陆块)和不同时期的造山带。在此基础上讨论了它们的边界和相互关系。     

强水动力湖泊夏季分层期氮的生物地球化学循环初步研究:以贵州红枫湖南湖为例

湖泊在夏季由于藻类生长而消耗大量硝酸盐,水体硝酸盐含量一般要低于春季。而红枫湖南湖水体硝酸盐含量却高于春季(比平均含量高0.83mg/L),说明尚有其他重要的硝酸盐来源。据估算,南湖水体硝酸盐含量升高0.83mg/L约需要1.66×105kg硝酸盐,另外有约10.1×105kg硝酸盐随下泻水输出南湖,再加上夏季藻类生长(生产的chla量约为640kg)所消耗的硝酸盐3.52×105kg,共消耗硝酸盐15.28×105kg。扣除河流输入的4.42×105kg硝酸盐,南湖尚存在约10.86×105kg硝酸盐的亏空。利用氮稳定同位素示踪技术,结合硝酸盐及叶绿素a(chla)含量、溶解氧(DO)等的变化,认为这部分硝酸盐来自湖泊中下部(斜温层)有机质的大量矿化(硝化),是水动力驱动高DO的上部水体下沉从而引起下部有机质(硝化)的结果。南湖这种强水动力湖泊整个夏季分层期氮的生物地球化学循环是斜温层有机质矿化(硝化)释放硝酸盐和变温层藻类生长同化硝酸盐为有机质同时发生的特殊类型。     

冻融循环下初始含水率对非饱和膨胀土剪切特性试验

为探究冻融循环条件下初始含水率对膨胀土偏应力-应变关系和剪切特性的影响,本文对不同初始含水率的非饱和膨胀土进行了不固结不排水三轴剪切试验。结果表明：1）非饱和膨胀土的偏应力-应变曲线的形式随含水率增大由应变软化逐渐转变为应变硬化,偏应力峰值随含水率增大而降低;2）非饱和膨胀土的抗剪强度随初始含水率的增加呈线性下降趋势;3）非饱和膨胀土在第1次冻融循环后偏应力及抗剪强度大幅度下降,在3~7次冻融循环后达到稳定。初始含水率是影响非饱和膨胀土力学性质的主要原因。