惠州凹陷古近系珠海组-恩平组高分辨率层序格架与储层分布规律

利用高分辨率层序地层学理论和技术方法,综合测井、地震和岩芯资料对惠州凹陷深层储层——珠海组和恩平组进行高分辨率层序地层学分析,从中识别出短期、中期、长期3个级别的基准面旋回层序,进一步分析短期旋回层序结构,划分出向上"变深"非对称型、向上变浅非对称型、对称型3种基本结构类型。依据等时地层对比法则并利用地震资料约束进行不同级次基准面旋回层序的联井对比,建立了珠海组和恩平组的等时地层格架,在等时地层格架内进行了单砂体的对比,并在等时地层格架内分析了储层的时空展布规律。     

压实宽级配砾质土干-湿循环效应研究

为探索在干-湿循环条件下,宽级配砾质土作为垃圾填埋场复合防渗系统中土工织物黏土垫和土工膜（GCLs/GM）防渗衬垫的保护层时其水力特性的变化规律,采用压力膜仪测试了土样干-湿循环作用下的土-水特征曲线参数,并借助van Genuchte方程和Fredlund 3参数方程拟合了0～3次干-湿循环的压实宽级配砾质土样的4条脱湿土-水特征曲线。结果显示：随着干-湿循环次数的增加,试样的土-水特征曲线在0～100 kPa的低吸力区间内逐渐变陡,含水率随吸力增加而逐渐减小,在位于400 kPa附近趋于平缓;干-湿循环过程中,试样的饱和含水率存在峰值,而残余含水率逐渐降低并趋于稳定;两种模型拟合的宽级配砾质土土-水特征曲线的差异不大,van Genuchte模型略优于Fredlund 3参数模型。在此基础上,将试验结果与已有文献中干-湿循环条件下的黏性土以及膨润土的土-水特征曲线进行了比较,表明作为防渗垫保护层的宽级配砾质土更有利于GCLs的吸湿与水化。     

地质事件与高分辨率事件地层学

简要介绍了传统地层学的发展及其局限性,认为传统的生物地层学的相对低分辨率已不适应目前的生产、科研要求;阐述了高分辨率事件地层学的研究对象与研究内容,认为地质事件的广泛性、瞬时性与相对等时性是高分辨率事件地层学的存在基础。通过全方位地开发出地层记录中的各种事件信息,建立综合事件地层剖面和高分辨率事件地层信息数据库,有可能使地层划分对比的精度提高10-50倍。     

Experimental study of the mechanical and thermal properties of lignin fiber-stabilized loess under freeze-thaw cycles北大核心CSCD

冻融循环作用是造成寒区工程病害的主要因素之一。为探究冻融循环对木质素纤维改良黄土力学和热学的影响,通过轻型击实试验、冻融循环试验、不固结不排水三轴剪切试验、热常数分析试验和X射线衍射试验,以木质素纤维掺量、冻融循环次数和围压为变量展开研究。结果表明：随着掺量的增加,改良黄土的最大干密度降低,最优含水率升高;随着冻融循环次数的增加,试样的应力-应变曲线由应变硬化型向应变弱软化型转变;试样的质量损失率、破坏强度、弹性模量、黏聚力、内摩擦角和导热系数均随着冻融循环次数的增加呈下降趋势,在经历第1次冻融循环后衰减率最高,并且总是在掺量为5%时达到最大值;试样的破坏强度和黏聚力在经历6~9次冻融循环后趋于稳定;黄土及掺量为5%的改良黄土在X射线衍射分析中成分相似,未发现新的物质生成,因此,木质素纤维是一种绿色的物理固化材料。该研究成果可为寒区土体加固提供新思路。     

陆面模式中氮循环过程的引入Ⅰ:模式介绍及站点验证（英文）

陆地生态系统氮循环对碳循环过程及其对气候变化的反馈具有重要的影响,但当前陆面模式多数都没有考虑氮循环过程对碳循环过程的限制。本研究基于氮在土壤-植被-大气中的传输交换过程,将氮循环过程引入到陆面模式AVIM(Atmosphere-Vegetation Interaction Model)中,发展形成包含碳氮耦合过程的新版模式AVIM-CN。与2004-05年当雄生态系统定位站通量观测数据相对比,模式中引入氮循环过程后,高寒草甸的总初级生产力模拟值从1.1403 gC m^-2d^-1降到了0.7073 gC m^-2d^-1,前者更接近通量站的观测值0.5407 gC m^-2d^-1。生态系统呼吸的模拟值也从1.7695 gC m^-2d^-1降到了1.0572 gC m^-2d^-1,更接近对应的通量观测值0.8034 gC m^-2d^-1。整体而言,在模式中考虑氮的限制作用后,当雄站的热量通量和碳通量的模拟值更接近实测值。不考虑氮过程对碳过程的限制,模式高估了约40%的陆地生态系统碳通量。     

High-resolution climate variability of southwest China during 57-70 ka reflected in a stalagmite δ18O record from Xinya Cave

A 26-cm-long stalagmite (XY2) from Xinya Cave in northeastern Chongqing of China has been ICP-MS 230Th/U dated, showing a depositional hiatus at 2.3 cm depth from the top. The growth of the 2.3-26 cm interval determined by four dates was between 57 ka and 70 ka, with a linear growth rate of 0.023 mm/a.We have analyzed 190 samples for δ18O and δ13C, mostly in the 2.3-26 cm part. The δ18O and δ13C values between 57 ka and 70 ka reveal decadal-to-centennial climatic variability during the glacial interval of Marine Isotope Stage 4 (MIS4), exhibiting much higher resolution than that of the published Hulu and Dongge records during this interval. Speleothem δ18O in eastern China, including our study area can be used as a proxy of summer monsoon strength, with lighter values pointing to stronger summer monsoon and higher precipitation, and vice versa. Two decreases in the δ18O signature of XY2 record around 59.5 and 64.5 Ka are argued to correspond to the Dansgaard-Oeschger (D-O) events 17 and 18 respectively. The Heinrich event 6 (H6) can be identified in the record as a heavy δ18O peak around 60 ka, indicating significant weakening of the monsoon in Chongqing during the cold period.The XY2 δ18O record shows very rapid change toward to the interstadial condition of the D-O event, but more gradual change toward to the cold stadial condition. This phenomenon found in the Greenland ice core records is rarely observed so clearly in previously published speleothem records. According to SPECMAP δ18O record, the glacial maximum of MIS 4 was around 64.5 ka with the boundary of MIS 3/4 around 60 ka. Unlike the marine record, the speleothem record of XY2, China, exhibits much high frequency variations without an apparent glacial maximum during MIS 4. However, the timing of MIS 3/4 boundary seems to be around 60 ka when the H6 terminated, in agreement with the marine chronology.The growth period of sample XY2 during glacial times probably reflects a local karstic routing of water,rather than having climatic significance.     

Peculiar Temporal Structure of the South China Sea Summer Monsoon

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松嫩平原环境演变与土地盐碱化、荒漠化的成因分析

松嫩平原是我国最大的平原之一,百年前还是一个水草丰盛的大草原,自20世纪下半叶以来,盐碱化十分严重,盐碱荒漠化发展迅速,许多地区经20～30年就变成了不毛之地。以往的研究很少涉及地质历史背景,然而,这是一个极为重要的因素。文章以地质历史的演变为基础,从气候因素、人文因素和全球变化等多种因素对松嫩平原苏打盐分的来源、分布与富集规律及盐碱化、荒漠化的形成原因开展综合研究。应用TM卫星遥感数据、3S技术及环境模拟技术对土地盐碱化、荒漠化的分布、扩展进行量化研究,并首次进行了松嫩平原的盐碱荒漠化评价,揭示了该区生态环境恶化的严重性。从而为振兴东北提供了重要的环境信息,为松嫩平原生态环境保护、治理和土地资源的可持续利用提供了科学依据。     

南海北部晚更新世以来的碳酸盐旋回

碳酸盐的相对含量是深海沉积物最直观的特征变量,也是最重要的古环境信息来源。南海晚更新世以来的碳酸盐旋回已进行了深入的研究,并已总结出溶跃面以上为"大西洋旋回",溶跃面以下为"太平洋旋回"。但经过大量的柱状样研究后发现,也有不少的"例外",溶跃面以上,并没有出现明显的"大西洋旋回"特征,尤其在南海东北部东沙群岛以东海域和琼东南海域。这些"例外"呈明显的区域性分布表明其不是个别现象。研究认为,主要是由于冰期-间冰期陆源物质的供给量的变化所致。南海北部海域,大致可以分为3个区,中区碳酸盐分布具有典型的"大西洋旋回",东区基本没有旋回性,西区总体有一定的旋回特征,但不够典型,且越接近海南岛,旋回特征越差。这主要是由于中区陆架宽、陆坡相对较缓,在冰期旋回中陆源物质供给量的变化明显。东区主要陆源物质可能来自台湾岛,而台西南岛架很窄,在冰期旋回中,陆源物质的供给量变化可能不大。西区,越靠近海南岛,海南岛的物源影响越大,而海南岛西南的岛架比华南的陆架也明显窄得多,而且华南与海南两个不同的物源,可能使琼东南的碳酸盐变得更复杂。     

Effectiveness of introducing crop coefficient and leaf area index to enhance evapotranspiration simulations in hydrologic models

Evapotranspiration (ET) is an essential component of the hydrological cycle and plays a critical role in water resource management. However, ET is often overlooked in order to transform rainfall to runoff for better streamflow simulation. Hydrological models are commonly used to estimate areal actual evapotranspiration (AET) after calibration against observed discharge. However, classical approaches are often inadequate to appropriately simulate other hydrologic components. Hence, it is important to introduce natural heterogeneity to enhance hydrological processes and reduce water balance errors. In this study, the effectiveness of introducing a constant crop coefficient (K_c), flux tower‐based K_c, and leaf area index (LAI) to three hydrological models (Three‐Parametric Hydrologic Model [TPHM], Génie Rural à 4 paramètres Journalier [GR4J], and Catchment hydrologic cycle Assessment Tool [CAT]) is assessed for the simulation of daily streamflow and AET in a mountainous mixed forest watershed (8.54 km²) in South Korea. The results show that the streamflow simulations after introduction of K_c and LAI to the original models are quite similar. However, the effectiveness of the AET estimation was significantly enhanced after introduction of the flux tower‐based K_c and LAI. The information criterion computed to compare the models reveals that the flux tower‐based K_c‐simulated AET demonstrated better agreement with the observed AET. The Pearson's correlation coefficients (R²) of the TPHM (8%), GR4J (55%), and CAT (55%) models also showed improvements that were greater than the constant based K_c simulation. Similarly, the limitations of the three models with respect to capturing seasonal variation as well as high and low flows were enhanced after the introduction of the flux tower‐based K_c, which adequately reproduced hydrological processes with minimum water balance errors and bias. A regression analysis revealed the potential of estimating K_c as a linear function of LAI (R² = 0.84). The results of this study indicate that introduction of K_c and LAI to the conceptual rainfall–runoff models can be considered an effective approach to reduce water balance errors and uncertainties in hydrological models and improve the reliability of climate change studies and water resource management.