西安地区第三层古土壤研究

野外观察发现,陕西西安地区的第三层古土壤是由3层构成的复合古土壤。通过对长安双竹村剖面及蓝田段家坡剖面的地层结构、磁化率、颗粒成分以及有机质含量的分析,可以把形成第三层古土壤的中更新世时段(330~272 ka B.P.)分为6个温湿、冷干阶段,构成为3个气候变化旋回。     

BS-100型土壤固化剂在季冻区的路用性能试验研究

采用美国Base-Seal固化剂（BS-100型）,对长春地区典型黏性土进行了固化处理,同时对其加固土的路用性能进行了系统地试验研究。首先,进行了Base-Seal固化剂加固土的最佳配合比筛选试验,在此基础上进行了最佳配合比条件下加固土的无侧限抗压强度、间接抗拉强度、室内回弹模量、冻稳定性、水稳定性和渗透性等路用性能指标方面的试验研究,得出Base-Seal固化剂加固土作为路面基层材料具有早期强度和回弹模量高、抗弯拉性能、冻稳定性能、水稳定性能和抗渗性能好的结论,适合在长春地区及其气候、土质相似地区的道路工程中应用。     

Daily and inter-tidal variations of Fe,Mn and Hg in the water column of a contaminated salt marsh: Halophytes effect

It has been shown that salt marshes may function as efficient sinks for contaminants, namely for mercury. At the rhizo-sediment Hg may be associated with Mn and Fe oxyhydroxides, precipitated as sulphides or incorporated into organic matter. However, to our knowledge, in situ studies have not focused on the related processes at a daily or tidal cycle scales. Thus, the present work aims to study the effect of a common salt marsh halophyte in temperate latitudes (Sarcocornia perennis) on dissolved Fe, Mn and Hg concentrations in the water column. The in situ approach was carried out at a mercury-contaminated salt marsh and at the adjacent non-vegetated area (distance ≤ 4 m), covering two consecutive tidal cycles in order to include the photosynthetic active period and the night processes. During high tide no daily or spatial effects were observed on the concentrations of Mn, Fe and Hg in the water column, due to the dilution effect of the incoming seawater. During low tide the concentrations of Mn, Fe and Hg were significantly higher in the overlaying water column of the salt marsh. At S. perennis mats the concentration of dissolved total Hg was significantly related with the concentration of Mn (r = 0.459, p = 0.028, n = 23), but not with that of Fe (r = 0.367, p = 0.085, n = 23) while no significant relations were found at the adjacent non-vegetated sediments.     

57～48万年前东亚夏季风的神农架石笋记录

应用MC-ICP-MS和MAT-253质谱技术,实测神农架山宝洞一支长达1.2 m石笋(SB32)的3个230Th年龄和236个氧同位素数据。在年龄误差范围内,运用天文轨道调谐方法重建了570~480 kaBP时段百年至千年际分辨率东亚夏季风降水记录。该记录跨越4个完整的岁差旋回,在岁差周期上石笋δ18O平均振幅达4‰。研究时段内东亚夏季风轨道尺度变化仍然受太阳辐射的控制。石笋记录的深海氧同位素阶段MIS14/13转换过程与末次冰消期具有类似特征。一系列千年尺度事件叠加在岁差周期夏季风变化趋势上,表明千年尺度气候变化是地球气候系统内部自我维持的固有频率,可能属于海-陆-气相互作用的结果。     

Fatigue Behaviour of Tubular Joints Made of China-Made Platform Steel

In China, a nationwide research program on fatigue behaviour of tubular joints made of China-made platform steel was carried out from 1983 to 1990, which was set by the Tubular Joint Research Committee for Offshore Structures (TJCOS) of China. This paper gives an outline of the basic properties of the China-made platform steel and fatigue test of tubular joints, including test specimens, test particulars and test results. A p-S-N curve based on the test results was established which reveals that the fatigue strength of tubular joints is fairly good. The thickness effect and effect of corrosion on fatigue strength in sea water are briefly discussed.     

Mesoscale eddies off Peru in altimeter records: Identification algorithms and eddy spatio-temporal patterns

Relatively little is known about coherent vortices in the eastern South-Pacific along the Peruvian coast, even with regard to basic facts about their frequency of occurrence, longevity and structure. This study addresses these issues with nearly 15 years of relatively high-resolution satellite altimetry measurements.We first compare two distinct automated methods for eddy identification. The objective validation protocol shows that the rarely-used geometrical or “winding-angle method”, based on the curvature of the streamline functions, is more accurate than the commonly-used “Okubo–Weiss algorithm”, which defines a vortex as a simple connected region with values of Okubo–Weiss parameter weaker than a given threshold.We then investigate vortices off Peru using more than 20,000 mesoscale eddies identified by the winding-angle method. Coherent eddies, characterized by a high ratio of vorticity to deformation rate, are typically formed along the coast and propagate westward at 3–6 cm s⁻¹. The vortices have a mean radius of 80 km, increasing northward, and are most frequently observed off of Chimbote (9°S) and south of San Juan (15°S). The mean eddy lifetime is about 1 month, but if eddies survive at least 2 months, the probability for surviving an additional week (or month) is constant at 90% (or 67%). Anticyclonic eddies tend to propagate northwestward whereas cyclonic vortices migrate southwestward. In general, cyclones and anticyclones are similar, except for eddies surviving at least 6 months. In this case, after a similar 3–4 months of radius and amplitude growth, amplitudes (or sizes) decay particularly rapidly for anticyclonic (or cyclonic) eddies. In terms of intensity, cyclonic eddies show a rapid decay during the first 3 months before arriving at a quasi-constant value, whereas anticyclones exhibit steady decline. Finally, eddy temporal variations were examined at seasonal and interannual scales in the “coastal” region favorable to the formation of energetic mesoscale structures. On seasonal scales, eddy activity is maximal in fall and minimum in spring. At interannual scales, the eddy activity index was maximal during the strong El Niño of 1997–1998 but another strong maximum of eddy activity also occurred late in 2004. These temporal variations are probably associated with the intensification of the upwelling thermal front and with the passage of coastal-trapped waves which generate baroclinic instabilities. Further investigation of the mechanisms involved on the eddy genesis is needed.     

佘山地磁台百年磁暴（一）——太阳周期变化

上海佘山地磁台位于中纬度地区,拥有逾百年的连续地磁场观测资料,非常有利于研究地磁活动的周期规律.本文利用该台站1908至2007年的100年磁暴记录,通过时序叠加、傅里叶分析和小波分析研究了磁暴的周期规律.结果表明：强磁暴具有显著的11年、22年和季节变化;弱中等磁暴没有明显的11年周期,并且季节变化的幅度较小.奇/偶太阳活动周相比,强磁暴的季节变化存在一定的差异,低年季节变化不明显,高年季节变化显著,并且偶数周的变化相对复杂.     

干旱半干旱地区草原灌丛荒漠化及其 生物地球化学循环

干旱和半干旱地区草地生态系统木本植物入侵及其导致的草原灌丛化已经成为全球范 围普遍发生的现象, 是草地沙化和荒漠化的一个重要标志。干旱生态系统中, 此种类型的植被变 化将对区域和全球生物地球化学循环产生显著影响。过度放牧、区域气候干旱化和自然火过程是 导致灌丛入侵和发展的主要控制因子。草原灌丛化过程中, 草地生态系统分布较为均匀的土壤养 分及相关元素在水平和垂直方向发生分异, 关键生命元素C、N、P 、S 生物地球化学循环的变化 将对全球气候变化产生显著作用。全球气候变化与草原灌丛荒漠化之间存在潜在的反馈机制, 人 类扰动的影响将使这种反馈作用变得更加迅速和灵敏。     

最后4个冰期旋回中国黄土记录的东亚冬季风变化

开展高分辨率的黄土记录研究, 是揭示过去气候变迁和变率的主要途径.选择黄土高原中部的灵台和赵家川剖面, 对L5以上的黄土-古土壤序列进行了石英颗粒的提取和粒度分析.结果表明, 石英粗颗粒(> 43μm) 体积分数变化揭示了最后4个冰期旋回东亚冬季风存有的快速变化特征, 并同深海氧同位素记录具有良好的对应关系; 然而, 在每一个冰期时段, 石英粗颗粒体积分数的变化幅度和频率存有较大差异, 可能意味着对应的冰期下垫面状况和气候系统内部的非线性响应机制并不相同.值得注意的是由石英粗颗粒体积分数反映的东亚冬季风变化, 在某些时段不仅同磁化率记录的夏季风变化不协调, 而且同深海氧同位素记录存有明显差异.深入研究这种由不同代用指标反映的古气候变化间的差异, 对理解黄土记录的全球性意义显得尤为重要.      

冻融循环作用下砂岩蠕变特性及损伤模型研究

青藏高原高寒地区岩体长期稳定性受冻融作用影响显著,有必要开展冻融岩石的时效性特征研究。为探讨砂岩在冻融循环作用下的蠕变劣化特性,基于不同冻融循环次数后石英砂岩及红砂岩单轴蠕变试验结果,深入分析了冻融循环对砂岩各蠕变阶段的影响特征。研究表明,在非屈服应力条件下,试样在衰减蠕变阶段的蠕变时长随着冻融循环次数的增加而明显减小,对应蠕变量及蠕变速率增大;在屈服应力条件下,试样进入加速蠕变阶段的应力阈值随着冻融循环次数的增加而逐渐降低,对应从稳定蠕变到加速破坏所经历的时间更短,破坏时累计的应变增量更大;在长期荷载作用下,试样的宏观破裂形态随循环次数的增加逐步由单一斜剪切破坏模式向共轭断面拉剪复合型破坏模式演化。根据试验结果,提出了具有冻融与长期受荷劣化特征的非定常性黏弹性系数损伤演化方程,将其引入西原模型构建了考虑冻融损伤的砂岩蠕变本构模型。利用冻融后红砂岩蠕变试验数据对模型进行了参数辨识与比较分析,验证了模型的正确性及适用性。通过对模型参数进行拟合分析,揭示了黏弹性冻融损伤系数随冻融循环次数的变化规律,表明了长期受荷损伤参数具有控制加速蠕变幅度的重要作用。研究结果对于高寒山区岩体长期稳定性评价具有一定意义。