An Arrow-Cycle Interpretation of the Redevelopment of Stockholm's Central Business District

Danish Journal of Geography 95: 83–91, 1995.

The core of Stockholm's central business district, Lower Norrmalm, underwent a process of total renewal during the post-war period. This study asks if this renewal process may be interpreted as a manifestation of a logic of cyclicity inherent to the economies of regions and nations. First, time series over construction activity are presented for three geographic levels: Stockholm, the inner city and Lower Norrmalm. Then the observed booms and slumps are analyzed in the following contexts: construction activity on the national scale, transportation and urbanization, and finally, economic and spatial restructuring. Developments on Lower Norrmalm during this period seem to have been part of a regional and national building cycle, and were moulded by adaptation to transportation needs and rapid economic restructuring. But the local effects of these forces would have been very different were it not for the mediating and actively orchestrating roles assumed by local institutions.     

Influence of suction cycles on the soil fabric of compacted swelling soil

The soil fabric plays an important role in complex hydromechanical behaviour of the expansive soils. This article addresses the influence of the wetting and drying paths on the soil fabric of compacted bentonite and silt mixtures at two different initial dry densities corresponding to loose and dense states. To obtain the hydric response of the soil, two suction imposition techniques were used: osmotic technique for the suction range less than 8.5 MPa and the vapour equilibrium or the salt solution technique for the suction range between 8.5 and 287.9 MPa. Additionally, the soil fabric analysis was performed using mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) and nitrogen gas adsorption (BET) techniques. The dense samples produced cumulative swelling strains during the suction cycles, while shrinkage was observed for the loose samples. The suction cycles induced an equilibrium state indicative of the elastic behaviour of the samples. The soil fabric analysis showed that regardless of the soil's initial state (loose or dense), the samples obtained the same soil fabric at the equilibrium state. The experimental results illustrated also the existence of an elastic void ratio (e_0el) where the compacted soils at this state present an elastic hydric behaviour during the successive suction cycles.     

秘鲁南部阿雷基帕段海岸岩基带找矿方向探讨

通过详细的岩相学和锆石U-Pb年龄的研究,秘鲁海岸岩基带阿雷基帕段的填图工作得到了补充,该岩基带岩浆活动可分为7个阶段和4个旋回,各阶段都显示出不同的岩浆容量,其地貌主要表现为岩基和岩脉。旋回Ⅰ和旋回Ⅱ代表侏罗纪岩浆活动阶段（201~145Ma）,岩浆分异为辉长岩到花岗岩;旋回Ⅲ和旋回Ⅳ代表白垩纪岩浆,岩浆分异为英云闪长岩-二长花岗岩、闪长岩与花岗闪长岩及英云闪长岩-花岗闪长岩。对角闪石和黑云母矿物晶体的数量关系研究表明,旋回Ⅰ的侵入岩有大量辉石和角闪石结晶,并伴随金-铁成矿作用;旋回Ⅱ有大量的群集角闪石晶体和呈定向排列或群集的六边形黑云母,且伴随铜-金-铁成矿作用;旋回Ⅲ侵入岩内发育角闪石和黑云母,伴随着金-铜和铁成矿作用;旋回Ⅳ发育大量角闪石和六边形黑云母,岩石更偏长英质,并伴随铜-锌-金-银-铁和铜-金-钼成矿作用。     

季节冻土区黄土路基水分与温度变化规律研究

为研究季节冻土区压实黄土路基变形的影响因素,通过现场监测得到路基水分场与温度场的变化规律,并结合室内试验与数值模拟分析路基变形规律. 结果表明,天然地面以上路堤土体具有明显的季节性,水分场及温度场变化剧烈,而天然地面以下土体温度场及水分场变化较平缓,季节性不强. 路堤最大冻深约1 m,经历强烈的冻融循环和干湿交替过程,含水率变化量为5%~29%. 冻融循环作用在路肩处产生的变形较大,而干湿循环作用在路基中心处产生的变形较大,且后者引起的变形大于前者.     

Sandstone-concrete interface transition zone (ITZ) damage and debonding micromechanisms under freeze-thaw

The sufficient bond between concrete and rock is an important prerequisite to ensure the effect of shotcrete support. However, in cold regions engineering protection system, the bond condition of rock and concrete surface is easily affected by freeze-thaw cycles, resulting in interface damage, debonding and even supporting failure. Understanding the micromechanisms of the damage and debonding of the rock-concrete interface is essential for improving the interface protection.Therefore, the micromorphology, micromechanical properties, and microdebonding evolution of the sandstone-concrete interface transition zone(ITZ) under varying freeze-thaw cycles(0, 5, 10, 15, 20) were studied using scanning electron microscope, stereoscopic microscope, and nano-indentation. Furthermore, the distribution range and evolution process of ITZ affected by freeze-thaw cycles were defined. Major findings of this study are as follows:(1) The microdamage evolution law of the ITZ under increasing freeze-thaw cycles is clarified, and the relationship between the number of cracks in the ITZ and freeze-thaw cycles is established;(2) As the number of freeze-thaw cycles increases, the ITZ's micromechanical strength decreases, and its development width tends to increase;(3) The damage and debonding evolution mechanisms of sandstone-concrete ITZ under freeze-thaw cycles is revealed, and its micromechanical evolution model induced by freeze-thaw cycles is proposed.     

A NEW SPECIES OF ZYGNEMOPSIS(ZYGNEMATACEAE)AND ITS REPRODUCTION CYCLES

The morphology and reproduction cycles of a new species,Zygnemopsis hubeiensis Wei are describedand illustrated for a culture homothallic strain collected from Wuhan,Hubei,China.The asexual reproduction is by parthenospores,aplanospores and akinetes.The major events of the sexual cycle,including the genuflection of reproductive cells,gametangial development,gamete formation,gamete fusion,zygote formation,zygospore development,and zygospore germination are observed.     

米兰科维奇冰期旋回理论中的“4万年周期问题”：回顾与展望

米兰科维奇理论认为地球轨道的天文周期调控北半球高纬地区夏季接收太阳辐射的强度,进而驱动第四纪地表的冰期-间冰期旋回。20世纪60年代以来,米兰科维奇理论预测的天文周期在第四纪海洋沉积物中得到了印证,看似证明了该理论的正确性。但大量新记录的出现给经典米兰科维奇理论带来了挑战,早更新世的“4万年周期问题”——即为何早更新世的冰期旋回中没有岁差周期——就是其中之一。目前对于该问题的两种回答包括：1)南、北半球冰盖分别受当地夏季太阳辐射强度的驱动;2)早更新世冰期受北半球夏季累积太阳辐射量驱动。不难发现,这两种假说均默认了米兰科维奇理论中“高纬地区是驱动地球气候演变关键区域”的假设,争议的点仅在于岁差是否影响了高纬度冰盖的变化,这或许是“4万年周期问题”至今悬而未决的原因。未来要解决早更新世乃至整个第四纪冰期旋回的问题,或许目光要跳出高纬地区,考虑低纬过程以及高-低纬之间的相互作用。

     

银川盆地中更新世以来的孢粉植物群古气候旋回探讨

利用银川地区孢粉时间序列的随机数字滤波分析的研究成果 ,应用频谱分析方法探讨银川盆地孢粉植物群气候波动特征 ,确定 0 .80MaB .P .以来存在 6 0× 10 4 a、30× 10 4 a、10 (或 6 )× 10 4 a的准周期 ,依据孢粉植物群的时空分布建立了该区多重气候旋回模型。该模型将该区 0 .80MaB .P .以来的气候划分为 1个 0 .6 0Ma的气候幕 ,3个 0 .30Ma的气候期 ,10个 0 .10 (0 .0 6 )Ma的气候段。并且讨论了模型与自然环境演变的关系 ,指出 0 .80～ 0 .5 5MaB .P .期间为冷凉旋回 ,0 .5 5～ 0 .2 0MaB .P .期间为暖温旋回 ,0 .2 0MaB .P .～今为冷凉旋回     

Responses of humpback whales to a changing climate in the Southern Hemisphere: Priorities for research efforts

Globally, baleen whales were severely depleted by historic whaling. Recovering populations have been observed to alter their behaviour. These changes have been attributed to climate change in some cases and raise concerns over the successful recovery of baleen whale populations. Current data-driven statistical habitat and behavioural models have proven useful for addressing questions of whale distribution changes within their limitations. Given observed changes in oceanic conditions, a new approach to managing baleen whale population recovery is necessary. Model predictions of future whale movements and distributions under climate change scenarios are vital to enable adequate conservation management. This paper presents a new perspective on understanding the impacts of climate change on humpback whales, arguing the need for a system-based multidisciplinary research approach. Our approach includes coupled, mechanistic models based upon robust ecological principles, and integrates key physical, biogeochemical, biological and ecological modules to address long-term changes associated with climate change. To illustrate the need for this system-based multidisciplinary approach, we focus on Southern Hemisphere humpback whales, the recovery of which may be impacted by rapid changes in habitat conditions brought about by anthropogenic climate change.     

Late Permian- Early Triassic Conodont Biofacies and Bioprovinces in South China and Himalaya

On the basis of existing conodont data, the authors have studied the Late Permian-Early Triassic conodonts of different forms and biofacies in detail. Five conodont biofacies are recognized, from shallow to deep waters 1. Hindeodus conodont biofacies, 2. Pachycladina-Parachi rognathus conodont biofacies, 3. Gondolella -Hindeodus conodont biofacies, 4. Gondolella-Neospathodus conodont biofacies, and 5. Xaniognathus conodont biofacies. Considering the temporal and spatial changes of these conodont biofacies, 3 conodont bloprovinces have been divided. In light of the biofacies changes of each bioprovince, the authors also discuss, in this paper, the regularity of transgression-regression cycles of eastern Tethys and their possible relation to the mass biotic alternation.