Quaternary Sporopollen Records and Environmental Evolution in the Dalangtan of Qaidam Basin

正Since the Quaternary,very thick lacustrine sediments have been deposited in Dalangtan of Qaidam Basin.Based on a study of high-resolution sporopollen analysis on the Dalangtan ZK06 drilling,and paleomagnetic dating     

云南建水官厅峨眉山玄武岩喷发旋回划分及其意义

云南省建水县官厅峨眉山玄武岩主要沿着北西向褶皱轴部以及两翼次一级构造裂隙呈裂隙-中心式喷发.利用建水官厅镇荒田、龙德2个矿段的玄武岩岩芯、薄片及其柱状图将峨眉山玄武岩划分为2个喷发旋回.阐述了玄武岩喷发旋回的划分与区域成矿的关系.     

Millennial-scale variations in western Sierra Nevada precipitation during the last glacial cycle MIS 4/3 transition

Dansgaard–Oeschger (D–O) cycles had far-reaching effects on Northern Hemisphere and tropical climate systems during the last glacial period, yet the climatic response to D–O cycles in western North America is controversial, especially prior to 55 ka. We document changes in precipitation along the western slope of the central Sierra Nevada during early Marine Oxygen Isotope Stages (MIS) 3 and 4 (55–67 ka) from a U-series dated speleothem record from McLean's Cave. The timing of our multi-proxy geochemical dataset is coeval with D–O interstadials (15–18) and stadials, including Heinrich Event 6. The McLean's Cave stalagmite indicates warmer and drier conditions during Greenland interstadials (GISs 15–18), signified by elevated δ¹⁸O, δ¹³C, reflectance, and trace element concentrations, and less radiogenic ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr. Our record extends evidence of a strong linkage between high-latitude warming and reduced precipitation in western North America to early MIS 3 and MIS 4. This record shows that the linkage persists in diverse global climate states, and documents the nature of the climatic response in central California to Heinrich Event 6.     

Explosive City Growth in the Modern World-System: An Initial Inventory Derived from Urban Demographic Changes

This is an empirical quantitative study that uses urban demographic data to identify economic change in cities. Unlike previous demographic studies, a strong theoretical framework is provided for the analysis. The research is designed and interpreted through Jacobs's theory of the city as economic process within the framework of Wallerstein's modern world-system. This is the first time Jacobs's theory has been subject to systematic inquiry over big time and big space. We create an inventory of 184 examples of Jacobs's "explosive growth" from 1500 to 2005 within the modern world-system. These results are interpreted in terms of systemic hegemonic cycles with first Dutch, and then British, and finally U.S. cities dominating the inventory lists. It is found that Dutch, British and U.S. city growth spurts are front-loaded in their respective hegemonic cycles: this is strong evidence of hegemony being created and initially sustained through and by these dynamic cities. This study makes a direct contribution to developing world-systems analysis, and in a short conclusion future research on ways of contributing to Jacobs's theory of the city are discussed.     

COMMENTS ON “SPATIAL VARIATION OF HILLSLOPE PROFILES IN THE CUMBERLAND PLATEAU,KENTUCKY” BY EDMUND B. WOOOS

Book Reviewed in this article:

Main Street: Northeastern Oregon: The Founding and Development of Small Towns. Barbara Ruth Bailey.

Food Politics: The Regional Conflict. David N. Balaam and Michael J. Carey, eds.

The International Economy and Industrial Development: Trade and Investment in the Third World. R. Ballance, J. Ansari and H. Singer.

Neighborhoods in Urban America. Ronald H. Bayor, ed.

The English Heartland. By Robert Beckinsale and Monica Beckinsale.

Regional Dimensions of Industrial Policy. Michael E. Bell and Paul S. Lande, eds.

Tension Areas of the World. D. Gordon Bennett, ed.

Latin America: an Introductory Survey. B. W. Blouet and O. M. Blouet, eds.

Integration and Division: Geographical Perspectives on the Northern Ireland Problem. Frederick W. Boal and J. Neville H. Douglas, eds.

Energy and Land Use. Robert W. Burchell and David Listokin, eds.

Slopes and Weathering. Michael Clarke and John Small.

Alaska's Rural Development. Peter G. Cornwall and Gerald McBeath, eds.

The Politics of Park Design: A History of Urban Parks in America. Galen Cranz.

World Congress on Land Policy, 1980, Proceedings. Matthew Cullen and Sharon Woolery, eds.

Oregon Divided: A Regional Geography. Samuel N. Dicken and Emily F. Dicken.

Urban Food Marketing and Third World Rural Development. T. Scarlett Epstein.

South Africa: Spatial Frameworks for Development. T. J. D. Fair.

Institutions and Geographical Patterns. Robin Flowerdew, ed.

Industrialization of U.S. Agriculture, An Interpretive Atlas. Howard F. Gregor.

Planning Theory: Prospects for the 1980s. Patsy Healy, Glen McDougall and Michael J. Thomas, eds.

Neighborhood Mobilization: Redevelopment and Response. Jeffrey R. Henig.

The American Urban System: A Geographical Perspective. R. J. Johnston.

Climate, History and the Modern World. Hubert H. Lamb.

Climate and History: Studies in Past Climates and Their Impact on Man. T. M. L. Wigley, M. J. Ingram and G. Farmer.

China: Railways and Agricultural Development, 1875–1935. Ernest P. Liang.

A Desirable Energy Future—A National Perspective. Robert S. Livingston, T. D. Anderson, T. M. Besmann, M. Olszewski, A. M. Perry, and C. D. West.

Topothesia: Essays Presented to T. S. Ó Máille. B. S. Mac Aodha, ed.

Transportation for the Poor: Research in Rural Mobility. Hal S. Maggied.

Land Uses in American Cities. Harold M. Mayer and Charles R. Haves.

Industrial Organisation and Location. Philip McDermott and Michael Taylor.

Human Adaptability: an Introduction to Ecological Anthropology. Emilio F. Moran.

Regional Analysis and the New International Division of Labor. Frank Moulaert and Patricia W. Salinas, eds.

The Nuclear War Atlas. Victoriaville, Quebec, Canada:

Urbanization and Environmental Quality. Isao Orishimo.

The Garden of Eden: The Botanic Garden and the Re-Creation of Paradise. John Prest.

Earthfire, The Eruption of Mount St. Helens. Charles Rosenfeld and Robert Cooke.

Contest for the South China Sea. Marwyn S. Samuels.

The Future of the Wetlands: Assessing Visual-Cultural Values. Richard C. Smardon, ed.

Tucson: the Life and Times of An American City. C. L. Sonnichsen.

The Geography of Multinationals. Michael Taylor and Nigel Thrift, eds.

Impact of Marine Pollution on Society. Virginia Tippie and Dana Kester.

Reviving the Industrial City: the Politics of Urban Renewal in Lyon and Birmingham. Jerry A. Webman.

Andean Reflections: Letters from Carl O. Sauer While on a South American Trip under a Grant from the Rockefeller Foundation, 1942. Robert C. West, ed.

Cartographic Drawing with Computers. P. Yoeli.     

Influence of repeated freeze-thaw on dynamic modulus and damping ratio properties of silty sand

Under repeated freezing and thawing in deep seasonal frozen regions, the stability and strength of the soil are imposed in the form of large uneven settlement, instability and strength reduction, which...     

Barodesy: a new hypoplastic approach

It is shown that the asymptotic mechanical behaviour (i.e. stresses asymptotically obtained with constant deformation rates) determines the entire mechanical behaviour of granular materials, such as soil. In this paper, a constitutive model, or rather a new theoretical framework, for sand is derived in terms of rational mechanics. The new theory, called ‘barodesy’, has an outstanding simplicity and comprises previously introduced concepts of Soil Mechanics: critical states and barotropy (i.e. power law dependence of stiffness on stress). Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

温度-湿度-荷载综合作用下路基冻融过程试验研究

为了研究季节冻土路基内部温度场、水分场及应力场综合效应的变化特性,基于自主研发的温度-湿度-荷载综合模型试验测试系统,进行室内路基模型的冻结与融化循环试验,分析了冻融循环过程路基内部土体水、热及力学性能的变化特性.试验表明:冻结过程中,初期温度变化大,温度梯度从顶端向底部逐渐递减;路基顶冻结后,0℃冻结锋面不断往下移动,0℃分界线两段内温度梯度差异大;路基含水率分为冻结区未冻水含量似稳定段、过渡区未冻水快速相变段、未冻结区含水率减小段.融化过程中,温度变化先大后小,未冻结水含量与温度大小相关,路基内部含水量呈现中间增大,两端减小的情形.水热综合作用下,应力场表现:冻融过程中,路基回弹模量随着冻结深度的增大呈线性增加,随融化深度的增加而减小;路基回弹模量随冻融循环次数增加而衰减,当达到6次时,衰减趋于稳定.结果表明,土体水热耦合作用是影响路基土体力学性能的关键因素.     

改良粉土强度的冻融循环效应与微观机制

为了研究冻融循环对改良粉土强度的影响规律及其作用机制,开展了不同初始压实度和初始含水率试样的冻融循环试验。对经历不同冻融循环次数作用后的试样进行无侧限抗压强度试验,探讨了冻融循环作用对改良粉土的长期强度的影响规律。试验结果表明,随着冻融循环次数增加,改良粉土的抗压强度下降,最终在6次冻融循环后趋于稳定;相同的冻融循环次数条件下,初始含水率越大,改良粉土的抗压强度衰减幅度越大。为了寻找冻融循环作用对改良粉土孔隙结构的影响规律,进而揭示冻融循环对试样结构损伤的机制,开展了改良粉土的细观孔隙结构试验。试验结果表明,不同的冻融循环次数和初始含水率对小孔径孔隙（ 10 nm）之间的结构影响不大;冻融循环作用主要损伤了大孔径孔隙（0.01～100 μm）之间的结构,从而降低了改良粉土的强度。