东濮断陷湖盆下第三系沙二段的冲积扇沉积

东濮凹陷西洼南段沙二段是该区主要的勘探目的层之一。根据地震、测井及岩心分析等资料的综合分析表明,该区沙二段属干旱气候条件下的冲积扇沉积。由于沙二段沉积时期长垣断层的活动减缓,研究区与西斜坡构成一个共同的沉积区域,研究区内主要发育扇中前缘和扇端亚相等细粒沉积部分,扇根和扇中主体等粗粒部分主要堆积在西斜坡上。在地震剖面和测井曲线上可以看出,该区沙二段由3个沉积旋回构成,总体上呈现向上变细的粒序特征。这些旋回在研究区各井中可以进行对比,表明冲积扇的活动受构造和气候因素的影响。     

松辽东缘石碑岭中生代盆地的含煤沉积旋回

松辽东缘石碑岭中生代含煤盆地含煤沉积形成于盆地演化的中期阶段。沼泽体系中粗碎屑(河流)沉积与含煤细碎屑(沼泽)沉积构成了含煤沉积旋回。火山沉积事件对7、6含煤旋回层的形成及煤的聚积具有控制作用。含煤旋回层的研究对层序地层学的亚层序的划分是重要的。      

冻融循环下砂岩损伤演化及本构模型

冻融交替对岩石宏观强度产生弱化。基于冻融循环条件下的压缩试验结果,利用损伤力学研究材料强度特征及损伤演化,建立岩土材料的损伤模型。结果表明:随着循环次数的增加,砂岩的力学强度参数均逐渐减小,抗压强度与弹性模量的降低幅度可以达到49.70%、83.40%,意味着冻融循环对材料力学性质损伤显著;定义岩石综合损伤变量,得到损伤演化特征曲线,基于高斯函数变化特征,构建冻融循环条件下材料损伤本构模型,对比分析试验与模型曲线,发现该模型能够较好地描述试验结果。基于高斯函数的损伤模型能较好地反映材料变形行为特征,研究成果可以为类似本构模型的建立提供参考。     

Tidal exchange between a freshwater tidal marsh and an impacted estuary: the Scheldt estuary, Belgium

Tidal marsh exchange studies are relatively simple tools to investigate the interaction between tidal marshes and estuaries. They have mostly been confined to only a few elements and to saltwater or brackish systems. This study presents mass-balance results of an integrated one year campaign in a freshwater tidal marsh along the Scheldt estuary (Belgium), covering oxygen, nutrients (N, P and Si), carbon, chlorophyll, suspended matter, chloride and sulfate. The role of seepage from the marsh was also investigated. A ranking between the parameters revealed that oxygenation was the strongest effect of the marsh on the estuarine water. Particulate parameters showed overall import. Export of dissolved silica (DSi) was more important than exchange of any other nutrient form. Export of DSi and import of total dissolved nitrogen (DIN) nevertheless contributed about equally to the increase of the Si:N ratio in the seepage water. The marsh had a counteracting effect on the long term trend of nutrient ratios in the estuary.     

Transport of nutrients and organic matter in a mangrove swamp

Field observations of the tidal transport of nutrients and organic matter in a mangrove swamp on Ishigaki Island, Okinawa, Japan revealed that groundwater flow from the swamp plays a significant role in increasing concentration of dissolved inorganic phosphorous and organic matter in a major channel. In contrast, dissolved inorganic nitrogen is transported from the mangrove swamps via surface water flow in the small channels of the swamp.     

Diel microbial variations at a coastal Northern Adriatic station affected by Po River outflows

Diel sampling was performed during an early spring survey in the Northern Adriatic Sea at a coastal station off the Po River delta. Samples were taken every 6 h at spring tide maxima and minima in the sub-superficial layer, at the maximum fluorescence depth (∼3 m). Variations in microbial community structure and its processes were assessed by considering heterotrophic bacteria, picocyanobacteria, viruses, exoenzymatic activities, microphytoplankton, nanoplankton and bacterial/cyanobacterial Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (DGGE) profiles. A considerable diatom bloom, mostly supported by Skeletonema marinoi was detected. All microbial parameters except viruses, showed a sinusoidal trend with a 12 h period; only picocyanobacteria expressed relative maxima during high tide, showing a phase in opposition to the other parameters. No substantial changes in DGGE band patterns were detected. Even though the results showed bacterial activities to be influenced by the phytoplankton bloom, all microbial parameters' diel trends (except viruses) preferentially followed the tidal fluctuation rather than the light:dark cycle.     

近3万年来南海北部碳酸盐旋回及古气候意义

选取2005年"海洋四号"在南海北部海域溶跃面之上获得的ZHS-176柱状样品,分析了其碳酸钙的含量,结果表明,南海北部海域近3万年来碳酸盐含量在间冰阶时较高,冰阶时降低,其旋回特征自下而上主要分为5个阶段:(Ⅰ)末次冰期以来,碳酸钙含量偏低;(Ⅱ)冰消期,碳酸钙含量升高,出现第一个高峰;(Ⅲ)早冰后期,碳酸钙含量明显降低,出现低谷;(Ⅳ)中冰后期,碳酸钙含量升高,出现第二个高峰;(Ⅴ)晚冰后期,碳酸钙含量略微降低。ZHS-176柱碳酸盐含量变化总体表现出"大西洋型旋回"的特征,但在早冰后期,尤其是在8.5~7.5 ka B P时出现了一次明显的低钙事件,可能与陆源物质输入增加以及深海溶解作用增强有关。     

西太平洋暖池海域热含量场的变异及其影响

基于 1 95 5— 1 999年间太平洋月平均海温资料 ,利用经验正交函数 (EOF)分解法 ,研究了西太平洋暖池海域 ( 1 2 0°E— 1 60°W ,1 8°N— 1 6°S)热含量场的时空变化 ,并分析了该海域东、西区热含量变化与南方涛动、副热带高压及ENSO的关系。结果表明 ,暖池海域热含量场主要包括年变化型、年际变化型和年代际变化型三个模态 ,其主要变化周期依次为 1 .0、3.6和 1 3.7年。相关和合成分析表明 ,暖池东、西区热含量的变化均与南方涛动、副热带高压和ENSO循环有十分密切的关系。     

一个非线性连续培养模型极限环的位置

微生物培养是生化工程中的一个重要课题。研究了一个非线性连续微生物培养动力系统的极限环的相对位置。对带非常数产物系数的连续培养模型进行推广。模型中的极限环对应于发酵和生化培养中的非线性振荡,其相对位置对研究连续培养中振荡产生的时间和范围是有意义的。     

A 640 kyr geomagnetic and palaeoclimatic record from Lake Baikal sediments

Magnetic remanence vectors for 1737 samples from two ∼100 m cores of Lake Baikal sediments are reported along with complete magnetic susceptibility profiles obtained from a pass-through system. Chronological control is established by means of two independent correlations; first, by matching susceptibility variations to the oceanic oxygen isotope record and second, by matching the relative palaeointensity variations to the SINT-800 global reference curve. These both imply an average deposition rate of 15 cm kyr^–1 and a basal age of ∼640 ka. Spectral analysis reveals the presence of Milankovitch signals at ∼100 kyr (eccentricity), ∼41 kyr (obliquity) and ∼23 and ∼19 kyr (precession). Stable remanence vectors are almost all of normal polarity. The few exceptions comprise brief intervals of low and/or negative inclinations which probably represent geomagnetic excursions. However, these are far less numerous than the high sedimentation rate would lead one to expect. Furthermore, only four of them can be readily matched to the—still poorly understood—global pattern. These are the Laschamp, the Albuquerque, the Iceland Basin and perhaps the West Eifel excursions which occurred at ∼38 000, ∼146 000, at 180 000–190 000 and at 480 000–495 000 yr ago, respectively.