构造带综放工作面支架异常压力机理探讨

针对多个综放采场出现的支架立柱压爆、油缸变形等异常矿压显现,通过对综放采场上覆岩层的运动范围及运动特点、顶板结构动态稳定性的分析,探讨了综放工作面异常压力产生的机理。得出了顶板结构局部铰接失稳（滑落失稳）是造成异常压力主要原因的结论。由于滑落失稳的原因不同,可分为水浸蚀型、地质构造型和顶板失稳型。通过对综放采场支架作用力的分析,给出了计算异常压力的公式。利用顶板结构动态稳定性判断准则,可对异常压力的类型进行判别,从而进一步确定异常压力的计算方法,为采场支架选型和现场控制异常压力提供理论依据。     

浅埋偏压隧道洞口施工技术及稳定性分析研究

龙潭隧道是沪－蓉高速公路工程的控制性工程。地质条件复杂,集浅埋、偏压、涌水、涌泥、岩爆等地质问题于一身,是典型的复杂条件下的长大公路隧道。隧道洞口段处在浅埋偏压段时,施工难度相当大。从隧道开挖与支护的安全性出发,论述了浅埋偏压隧道的设计与施工情况。以右线出洞口为例,采用三维快速拉格朗日差分法(FLAC3D),对其施工开挖过程及支护进行了模拟。通过对开挖支护后围岩的应力场、位移场及塑性区特征的分析,得出了一些建设性的结论,对工程的施工具有指导意义。     

黏土不透水层确定及水压力分布规律试验研究

工程上将满足一定条件下的黏土层介质视为隔水层。通过模型试验的方法,对黏土层为不透水层的确定方法以及黏土层内部的水压力分布规律进行了研究。通过试验分析得出了某给定黏土层为隔水层的特定条件：即找出了黏土层的厚度、渗透系数及层上水头高度三者的关系和给定黏土层的起始水力坡降,得到了黏土层内已渗透水部分的水压力分布规律。试验结果对工程实际具有一定的指导作用。     

压力传感器受力的数值模拟分析

由于传感器与周围介质刚度不耦合的原因,埋入式压力传感器所测得读数并不是材料内部真正的受力状态。根据压力传感器的实际结构,采用有限元数值模拟分析方法,计算得出压力传感器的实际受力特征与应力分布规律,提出了压力传感器读数的修正方法,为压力传感器的正确使用提供理论依据和可靠的方法。     

基质吸力对基坑支护结构土压力的影响研究

在进行基坑支护设计时,现行规范采用朗肯土压力理论计算基坑支护结构土压力。这种设计计算方法是基于饱和土力学理论的,误差较大。依据非饱和土力学理论,对基坑非饱和土体主动土压力及被动土压力计算公式进行了推导。在此基础上,以实际工程为例,就基质吸力及施工季节对基坑支护结构土压力的影响进行了探讨。     

软基深埋涵洞土压力和沉降的三维有限元分析

通过软基坝下深埋涵洞的三维有限元计算,对涵洞的土压力及沉降问题进行了分析研究。研究结果表明： （1）在洞顶采用减荷措施时,洞顶竖向土压力明显减小,减荷效果比较显著;而对洞体的最大不均匀沉降率基本没有影响,涵洞周边土压力的分布特征与无减荷时也是相同的。（2）洞基处理深度变化对洞体附近的应力有影响,且随处理深度的增大,洞顶竖向土压力和洞侧面水平土压力分别有缓慢增大和缓慢减少的趋势。（3）洞底沉降随处理深度的增大而有微弱的减小,但不均匀沉降均小于0.5 %,且从总体上看,其量值对工程的影响并无本质的差异,对洞基不进行处理时,洞基的不均匀沉降少许的增大不会对涵洞造成危害。     

Experimental synthesis and phase relations of phengitic muscovite from 6.5 to 11 GPa in a calcareous metapelite from the Dabie Mountains, China

The stability and phase relations of phengitic muscovite in a metapelitic bulk composition containing a mixed H₂O+CO₂ fluid were investigated at 6.5–11 GPa, 750–1050°C in synthesis experiments performed in a multianvil apparatus. Starting material consisted of a natural calcareous metapelite from the coesite zone of the Dabie Mountains, China, ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic complex that had experienced peak metamorphic pressures greater than 3 GPa. The sample contains a total of 2.1 wt.% H₂O and 6.3 wt.% CO₂ bound in hydrous and carbonate minerals. No additional fluid was added to the starting material. Phengite is stable in this bulk composition from 6.5 to 9 GPa at 900°C and coexists with an eclogitic phase assemblage consisting of garnet, omphacite, coesite, rutile, and fluid. Phengite dehydrates to produce K-hollandite between 8 and 11 GPa, 750–900°C. Phengite melting/dissolution occurs between 900°C and 975°C at 6.5–8 GPa and is associated with the appearance of kyanite in the phase assemblage. The formation of K-hollandite is accompanied by the appearance of magnesite and topaz-OH in the phase assemblage as well as by significant increases in the grossular content of garnet (average X_grs=0.52, X_py=0.19) and the jadeite content of omphacite (X_jd=0.92). Mass balance indicates that the volatile content of the fluid phase changes markedly at the phengite/K-hollandite phase boundary. At P≤8 GPa, fluid coexisting with phengite appears to be relatively CO₂-rich (XCO₂/XH₂O=2.2), whereas fluid coexisting with K-hollandite and magnesite at 11 GPa is rich in H₂O (XCO₂/XH₂O=0.2). Analysis of quench material and mass balance calculations indicate that fluids at all pressures and temperatures examined contain an abundance of dissolved solutes (approximately 40 mol% at 8 GPa, 60 mol% at 11 GPa) that act to dilute the volatile content of the fluid phase. The average phengite content of muscovite is positively correlated with pressure and ranges from 3.62 Si per formula unit (pfu) at 6.5 GPa to 3.80 Si pfu at 9 GPa. The extent of the phengite substitution in muscovite in this bulk composition appears to be limited to a maximum of 3.80–3.85 Si pfu at P=9 GPa. These experiments show that phengite should be stable in metasediments in mature subduction zones to depths of up to 300 km even under conditions in which aH₂O1. Other high-pressure hydrous phases such as lawsonite, MgMgAl-pumpellyite, and topaz-OH that may form in subducted sediments do not occur within the phengite stability field in this system, and may require more H₂O-rich fluid compositions in order to form. The wide range of conditions under which phengite occurs and its participation in mixed volatile reactions that may buffer the composition of the fluid phase suggest that phengite may significantly influence the nature of metasomatic fluids released from deeply subducted sediments at depths of up to 300 km at convergent plate boundaries.     

天然高压矿物研究的新进展及其在地幔矿物学中的意义

对地表陨石坑岩石和陨石的冲击变质效应的研究, 是以往发现天然高压矿物的主要途径。α-PbO2 超斯石英、(Na,K,Ca)AlSi3O8-锰钡矿以及磷灰石高压同质多像变体等是几个近期在陨石中发现的天然高压相,这些高压相很可能存在于地幔之中。天然高压矿物的发现对地幔矿物学研究和发展起了推动作用。     

Small Format Digital Cameras for Aerial Survey: Where Are We Now?

This paper introduces the subject of digital sensors for aerial survey by reviewing the use made of small format digital cameras in such an application. The major advantages and disadvantages of employing such consumer technology for aerial survey are highlighted. Finally, a specification is proposed for a minimum requirement for a digital solution based on a single area array sensor.     

E601型与小型蒸发器对比观测分析

通过对长春国家基准气候站 1 986～ 1 997年夏季 ( 5～ 9月 ) E60 1 型与小型蒸发器1 2年蒸发量及 1 997年冬季 ( 1 0～ 4月 )的冰面蒸发对比观测资料 ,进行相关分析和对比分析 ,得到两种蒸发量的折算系数 ,求出了累年 E60 1 型蒸发量的气候估计值。