Computation of Large Anisotropic Seismic Heterogeneities (CLASH)

A general tomographic technique is designed in order (i) to operate in anisotropic media; (ii) to account for the uneven seismic sampling and (iii) to handle massive data sets in a reasonable computing time. One modus operandi to compute a 3-D body wave velocity model relies on surface wave phase velocity measurements. An intermediate step, shared by other approaches, consists in translating, for each period of a given mode branch, the phase velocities integrated along ray paths into local velocity perturbations. To this end, we develop a method, which accounts for the azimuthal anisotropy in its comprehensive form. The weakly non-linear forward problem allows to use a conjugate gradient optimization. The Earth's surface is regularly discretized and the partial derivatives are assigned to the individual grid points. Possible lack of lateral resolution, due to the inescapable uneven ray path coverage, is taken into account through the a priori covariances on parameters with laterally variable correlation lengths. This method allows to efficiently separate the 2ψ and the 4ψ anisotropic effects from the isotropic perturbations. Fundamental mode and overtone phase velocity maps, derived with real Rayleigh wave data sets, are presented and compared with previous maps. The isotropic models concur well with the results of Trampert & Woodhouse. Large 4ψ heterogeneities are located in the tectonically active regions and over the continental lithospheres such as North America, Antarctica or Australia. At various periods, a significant 4ψ signature is correlated with the Hawaii hotspot track. Finally, concurring with the conclusions of Trampert & Woodhouse, our phase velocity maps show that Rayleigh wave data sets do need both 2ψ and 4ψ anisotropic terms.     

A traveltime reciprocity discrepancy in the Podvin & Lecomte time3d finite difference algorithm

We have found that the extensively used finite difference scheme time3d produces time fields which are 'asymmetric' in the sense that traveltimes computed to the right of the source are faster than traveltimes computed to the left. All finite difference schemes will, as they are approximations to the wave equation, to some extent fail to obey reciprocity perfectly. We show, however, that the errors in time3d may be significant—and unnecessarily large. An asymmetry in the point source initialization has been identified, and after correction time3d produces time fields with an improved reciprocity.     

利用三维地震在戈壁沙漠区解决复杂地质构造问题

在分析戈壁沙漠地区地球物理特征的基础上，针对性的提出了解决煤田地质构造问题的方法，包括三维地震野外施工方法的选取、施工因素的选择、资料处理手段；并以获得的实际地质成果证实三维地震在解决复杂地质构造问题的可行性。     

深层地震勘探激发井深探讨

深层地震勘探野外资料采集的关键是在保证原始资料一定信噪比的基础上,同时兼顾分辨率,激发井深是决定资料品质的重要因素之一。通过对虚反射滤波作用分析,提出了充分利用虚反射能量设计最佳激发井深,增强下传地震波能量的采集方法。理论分析和试验资料表明,在高速层下4～7m的最佳激发岩性深度是深层勘探的理想井深。     

济阳坳陷古潜山地震采集技术研究

济阳坳陷碳酸盐岩古潜山以前地震资料存在信噪比低、速度陷阱、分辨率低、施工过程中缺炮、空道、内幕反射品质差或无反射等问题。造成上述问题除了野外施工工艺、室内处理流程和参数的影响外,在采集参数方面主要影响因素有覆盖次数低、炮检距与方位角不均匀、面元太大等。针对济阳坳陷古潜山三维地震资料采集应以目标设计为指导思想,以基于模型分析的三维采集参数论证为主线,最终优化各种采集参数。建立了拱张褶皱型、断裂块断型和风化残丘型三个具有代表性的古潜山地质理论模型。使用先进的“绿山”地震采集观测系统设计软件,采用“块”来描述任意复杂地质模型结构,分别设计出各自的地震采集观测系统。以林樊家潜山为例,采用12线18炮束状新观测系统模拟单炮发射接收,对各主要目的层能追踪的地层信息比原始6线9炮束状观测系统采集的地震信息丰富,能准确反映地下构造形态与地质体的物理属性。