小断面长距离输油管道隧洞病害治理施工技术

结合赵家山隧洞工程实践,较详细地介绍了长距离、小断面隧洞病害治理施工技术,对困难条件下的小断面隧洞病害治理施工有一定的参考价值。     

隧道底部隐伏空腔充水对二次衬砌内力影响研究

以某岩溶隧道为工程背景,按弹性阶段相似原则进行模型试验,研究隧道底部隐伏空腔充水情况下的二次衬砌内力特征,以及水压、溶腔和隧道间距的变化对二衬内力的影响规律。试验结果表明:当隧道仰拱底部隐伏空腔充水时,拱肩、边墙和墙脚处轴力为负,拱顶和仰拱底处轴力为正,其中墙脚处负值轴力最大,仰拱底处正值轴力最大;拱肩和仰拱底处弯矩为正,边墙和墙脚处弯矩为负,其中仰拱底处正弯矩最大,墙脚处负弯矩最大。随着溶腔内水压逐渐增大以及充水溶腔与隧道间距离的逐渐减小,特征位置处的轴力和弯矩均有不同程度的增大,对于轴力,拱顶、拱肩和仰拱底处的增量较小,边墙和墙脚处的增量较大;对于弯矩,拱顶、拱肩和边墙处弯矩增量均较小,墙脚和仰拱底处的弯矩增量明显。沿着隧道的轴向,断面越靠近充水溶腔其轴力和弯矩受影响程度就越大。     

青岛地铁3号线二次衬砌混凝土耐久性设计

分析了青岛地铁3号线所在地域的环境作用,并对地铁二次衬砌混凝土的耐久性进行研究。结果表明,青岛地铁要达到100 a设计使用年限,其内陆区域段混凝土强度等级应取C45,水胶比≤0.40;近海区域段混凝土强度等级应取C50,水胶比≤0.36,并分别确定围岩侧与行车侧的混凝土钢筋保护层厚度。     

穿越活断层铰链式衬砌隧道减震措施动力响应研究

鉴于穿越地震活动带逆断层的铁路山岭隧道易受逆断层滑动的影响,且目前铁路隧道穿越多条活动性断层可供借鉴经验较少的现状。文章采用数值分析方法,对活动逆断层错动下的铰链式衬砌隧道在地震荷载作用下围岩加固方式、超挖设计结构的动力响应进行对比分析。结果表明逆断层错动时,对浅部地层变形的影响范围大于深部,但最大附加变形出现在深部断层面附近,且错距越大其最大附加变形值越大,断层活动对隧道结构安全影响较为显著。注浆加固并不改变衬砌在地震中的震动频谱特性,宜采用施作单层衬砌预留修复空间的设计方案。对于是否超挖设计的两种工况下,衬砌位移变化规律一致,衬砌的震动频谱特性一致。经过监控量测发现支护压应力在埋设2个月左右后趋于稳定。所得结论可为今后类似工程结构设计与施工提供参考。     

深埋海底隧洞内水压力下饱和土的动力特性

将衬砌分别视为多孔柔性材料和弹性介质,在频率域内研究内水压力作用下饱和分数导数黏弹性土-深埋圆形隧洞多孔柔性或弹性衬砌系统的耦合简谐振动。土体的宏观力学特性采用多孔介质理论来模拟。通过引入与土体体积分数相关的应力系数,利用衬砌和土体界面处位移连续,分别得到饱和黏弹性土和衬砌的位移、应力和孔隙水压力等的解析表达式。在此基础上,分析了多孔柔性衬砌和弹性衬砌结构的差异,并考察了应力系数、渗透系数、分数阶导数本构参数等对系统动力响应的影响,结果表明:多孔柔性衬砌材料条件下系统的动力响应明显大于弹性衬砌材料条件下系统的动力响应;随着分数导数阶数和材料参数比的增加,系统共振效应明显减弱;衬砌边界透水和不透水只是反映边界渗透性的两种极限状态。     

南京长江四桥引桥悬臂拼装测量技术

以分段施工桥梁——南京长江四桥引桥施工控制为例,针对悬臂拼装过程中的线形控制问题,明确施工过程中的主要控制内容及相应的精度控制目标,着重对施工控制网的建立、架桥机挠度检测、几何控制数据基础的选择、梁段定位测量、误差修正等内容进行研究。以最终线形控制结果为依据,评价所用测控方法,为今后悬臂拼装施工技术在类似工程中的应用提供参考。     

Analytical approach for circular-jointed shield tunnel lining based on the state space method

This paper presents a new analytical solution to the circular segmental tunnel lining subjected to overburden and surrounding earth pressures. The governing equations are derived by adopting the curved Euler beam theory and the principle of minimum potential energy. Based on the state space method, the displacements and the relevant energy-conjugated internal forces are treated as the fundamental unknown state vector and can be obtained by solving the state function. The inter-segment joints on the lining are modeled by a set of linear springs, including shear, compression, and rotation. The presented method allows for the arbitrary distribution of the segmented joints and loads along the circumferential direction. The most striking advantages of the proposed method include the rigid body displacement treatment, lining-displacement-dependent soil reaction, and internal force direction dependency of the joint stiffness. Using this method, the displacements and internal forces of the entire lining can be obtained conveniently and simultaneously under the arbitrary loading and joint distribution conditions. The verification of the analytical solutions is provided by several examples.     

Cyclic behavior of precast segmental concrete bridge columns with high performance or conventional steel reinforcing bars as energy dissipation bars

The cyclic behavior of precast segmental concrete bridge columns with high performance (HP) steel reinforcing bars and that with conventional steel reinforcing bars as energy dissipation (ED) bars were investigated. The HP steel reinforcing bars are characterized by higher strength, greater ductility, and superior corrosion resistance compared with the conventional steel reinforcing bars. Three large‐scale columns were tested. One was designed with the HP ED bars and two with the conventional ED bars. The HP ED bars were fully bonded to the concrete. The conventional ED bars were fully bonded to the concrete for one column, whereas unbonded for a length to delay fracture of the bars and to increase energy dissipation for the other column. Test results showed that the column with the HP ED bars had greater drift capacity, higher lateral strength, and larger energy dissipation than that with fully bonded conventional ED bars. The column with unbonded conventional ED bars achieved the same drift capacity and similar energy dissipation capacity as that with the HP ED bars. All the three columns showed good self‐centering capability with residual drifts not greater than 0.4% drift. An analytical model referred to as joint bar‐slip rotation method for pushover analysis of segmental columns with ED bars is proposed. The model calculates joint rotation from the slip of the ED bars from two sides of the joint. Good agreement was found between analytical predictions and the envelope responses of the three columns. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

特厚表土层钢板混凝土复合井壁竖向承载力试验研究

通过模型试验和理论分析,对特厚表土层双层钢板高强混凝土复合井壁的竖向受力特性进行了研究。首先,根据相似理论,进行了双层钢板高强混凝土复合井壁结构的模型设计和试件加工;然后,通过加载试验,得到了井壁结构在竖向荷载和侧压共同作用下的竖向应力、变形和强度特性。结果表明：由于内、外钢板筒的约束作用,井壁结构中的混凝土完全处于三向受压应力状态下,其抗压强度提高了1.73～1.92倍,且井壁破坏时混凝土的竖向极限压应变达到-3.9×10-3,表现出较好的延性特性。通过钢板与混凝土的相互约束,改善了各自的力学特性,使井壁竖向承载力显著提高,远比钢板筒和中间混凝土层的竖向极限承载力之和大,并根据理论分析和试验结果推导出了井壁竖向承载力的计算公式,对理论研究和工程应用具有一定的参考价值。     

三维激光扫描技术在米仓山特长隧道施工中的可行性应用研究

巴陕高速米仓山特长隧道为我国目前在建最长公路隧道,全长约13.8km。利用三维激光扫描技术高速率、高精度获取对象表面三维坐标的优势,对米仓山隧道LJ2标段右线施工过程中的超欠挖、二衬厚度、掘进面爆破效果进行了检测,并对开挖断面围岩周边收敛和拱顶下沉进行了变形监测。结果表明,检测段隧道超挖区域比例占到81%,其中超挖0～20cm的占62%,欠挖0～10cm的为14%;二衬厚度选取不同里程、相同位置121个位置进行分析,最大厚度0.662m,最小0.456m,平均厚度0.564m;掘进面爆破深度约为3.048m,爆破方量为254.065m³;K54+030断面围岩周边收敛6d最大收敛变形量为9.5mm,拱顶下沉监测点6d最大变形量为5mm。