金华山软岩铁路隧道施工过程围岩屈服接近度分析

隧道施工过程中围岩处于复杂应力状态下,隧道围岩屈服区演化特征的确定对于围岩稳定性分析和开挖支护方案优化具有重要的意义。采用屈服接近度指标衡量围岩破坏接近程度可以合理地描述复杂应力状态下围岩的应力危险性,对Mohr-Coulomb类岩体材料的屈服接近度函数进行了相应的推导,并在非线性有限元用户子程序上编程予以实现。介绍了赣州-龙岩铁路DKl33+095～DKl38+237段软弱围岩单线隧道正台阶步施工方案以及湿喷纤维混凝土支护方案。为了对该隧道施工过程中隧道围岩屈服区的演化特征进行合理评价,采用非线性有限元法对软弱围岩条件下的铁路隧道施工过程进行了数值模拟,分析了施工过程中隧道围岩屈服接近度分布特征,判定了隧道台阶步施工过程中隧道围岩的稳定性。分析结果表明:该隧道施工过程中围岩破坏区主要发生在下台阶步施工过程中;屈服接近度指标比传统的塑性区分布提供的信息更加丰富,有利于工程技术人员定量地评价隧道开挖支护方案。     

大岗山水电站主厂房顶拱坍塌体复合支护结构稳定性分析

以大岗山水电站主厂房顶拱坍塌体的复合支护结构为研究背景,分析治理措施的加固效果。基于精细的复合衬砌结构承载力分析方法,给出各层钢拱架和喷射混凝土各自的受力状况,对塌方体复合支护结构的稳定性进行分析。研究表明,顶拱坍塌段治理后,开挖完成后增量位移量值约为90 mm,顶拱部位塑性区基本无变化,后继开挖中锚索内力变化程度较小,开挖结束后各锚索内力与张拉吨位相差不大,且均未超过设计吨位,显示出较好支护效率与安全裕度;开挖完成后,除初期支护在塌腔附近的部分喷射混凝土可能发生潜在的剪切破坏外,作为复合衬砌组主要受力部件的Ⅰ、Ⅱ期治理复合衬砌的钢拱架和喷混凝土受力状态均较为良好,整个复合衬砌组的承载力余量较大。计算结果与监测结果的吻合度良好,较好地反映出岩体变形和支护结构内力随洞室开挖的发展规律。     

某电厂水库岸边取水工程施工实践

为满足某电厂供水需求,需在某水库进行岸边取水工程（含取水竖井、引水隧道、引水明渠3部分）施工。通过短段掘砌逆作工艺,井筒壁溶洞导水并将导出的水作为水源的一部分,实现了井筒干封底,顺利完成井筒施工;采用顶管技术＋管顶注浆技术在破碎岩体、涌水量较大地层成功完成引水隧道施工;通过岩塞爆破成功实现引水隧道和水库的连接;通过船载冲击成槽技术,实现了引水明渠的施工。     

考虑地下水、注浆及衬砌影响的深埋隧洞弹塑性解

对于深埋隧洞,地下水-围岩-注浆圈-衬砌共同形成了一个水压平衡体系,传统的隧洞应力与塑性区计算方法均未同时考虑上述4个因素的共同作用。以深埋隧洞为研究对象,将围岩、注浆圈、衬砌视为均质各向同性连续弹塑性介质,基于地下水动力学、弹塑性力学及摩尔-库仑屈服准则,推导了4个因素共同作用下深埋隧洞轴对称问题的应力弹塑性解与塑性区计算公式;利用Matlab编制程序对某隧洞工程进行了计算,并与传统计算方法进行了对比,验证了公式的正确性,指出了传统计算方法的缺陷;讨论了注浆参数对塑性区的影响规律,提出了最优注浆圈厚度的确定方法。     

小净距公路隧道支护时机对围岩稳定性影响研究

随着西部高速公路的大规模建设,受地形和施工场地的限制,小净距隧道已越来越多地在工程实际中使用。由于小净距隧道施工工艺复杂,围岩变形和破坏机理也较为复杂,隧道的施工和支护时机对围岩和支护结构的稳定性影响很大。结合正在施工的沪－蓉－西高速公路漆树槽分岔隧道小净距段的施工特点,开展隧道在不同荷载释放比例下不同支护时机对围岩稳定性影响的研究。研究结果表明：支护越早,衬砌和锚杆承担的荷载越大,围岩的塑性变形和塑性区范围越小。及时施作二次衬砌,可以显著控制岩柱部位的变形,改善围岩的应力状态。研究成果将对同类条件下小净距隧道的施工和设计具有指导意义。     

地下气库(LPG)洞室围岩稳定性数值分析

地下气库的围岩稳定性关系到地下气库的安全与使用。影响地下洞室稳定的因素很多,解析法虽然可以得到精确解,但是只能针对圆形洞室。而数值计算方法可以计算各种情况下围岩的应力、变形、塑性分布等情况。利用有限元分析软件分析了洞室形状对围岩稳定性的影响,确定了合理的洞形;讨论了围岩应力应变随深度的变化规律,以及不同的支护类型对围岩变形的影响,确定了经济合理的支护类型。最终为该地质条件下的洞室围岩稳定设计提供了依据。     

Numerical simulation of a discontinuous gallery lining's behavior,and its interaction with rock

Deep excavation in some geological media needs lining of the gallery. This could limit the extent of the so‐called excavation damaged zone and the resulting convergence of the material due to tunneling. Boom clay, the reference potential host rock in Belgium for disposal of high‐level radioactive waste, is one of these media for which lining of the gallery walls is essential. A correct simulation of the lining behavior in the course of the excavation process, where the rock comes into contact with the lining, and in the long term, remains a significant challenge in analysis of the whole coupled phenomena of rock in interaction with the lining. This study aims to numerically model the lining behavior. The main objective is to develop a model that could realistically simulate the behavior of a discontinuous lining made of concrete segments. We propose to numerically analyze the response of the blocks in contact with each other and in interaction with rock, with the use of zero‐thickness interface elements. To validate the developed model and a proposed approach, a particular analysis compares the obtained results with the available in situ measurements. This study then discusses the deficiency of the simplistic model that considers a continuous lining. In addition, regarding the contact mechanism on the interface between the rock and the lining, the obtained results demonstrate an interesting relation between the contact phenomena and the shear banding within the rock around the gallery. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

半空间饱和土中圆形衬砌对弹性压缩波的散射

借助于Biot 波动理论和弹性波的传播理论,采用复变函数和多级坐标法,对半空间饱和土中圆形衬砌结构对弹性稳态压缩波的散射问题进行求解和分析。利用一个半径很大的圆弧来逼近半空间直边界,将待解问题转化为稳态弹性压缩波在一个大圆孔和一个弹性衬砌结构的散射问题。通过引入势函数,将饱和土的Biot波动方程和衬砌的弹性波动方程解耦成Helmholtz 方程,借助复变函数级数展开便可以预先写出该组Helmholtz方程的通解。然后,通过引用复变量,把饱和土和衬砌结构中的应力、位移及孔压用设定的势函数表示出来,再利用半空间饱和土和衬砌结构的连续性条件和近似直边界的圆弧边界和衬砌内边界的边界条件求解出该组势函数的特解。最后,利用势函数的特解,得到饱和土中的位移,应力和孔压及衬砌结构的位移和应力;变换不同的参数求解衬砌结构内外边界的动应力和孔压的集中系数,通过对算例结果的分析得出一系列有益的结论。     

山岭隧道高水压下衬砌结构平面数值分析

采用平面有限元数值模型分析高水压作用下衬砌结构受力特征和围岩稳定性,研究了水压力大小、注浆加固圈厚度、水压力折减系数对衬砌结构受力和围岩塑性区的影响。研究结果表明：衬砌内力与塑性区随着外水压力折减系数的增大明显增大,随着总水压力的增加而增大,随着加固圈厚度的增大而减小;外水压力折减系数是影响衬砌内力和围岩塑性区的重要因素。     

Analytical model for the beam action of a tunnel lining during construction

Measurements on a 14.5‐m diameter bored tunnel have shown that the mechanised assembly of a segmented tunnel lining results in a permanent longitudinal bending moment in the tunnel lining. An analytical model for the beam action of the tunnel lining during the construction phase of bored tunnels is presented. The model incorporates many of the essentials in staged beam construction. It takes into account the influence of forces from the TBM, the loading of the tunnel lining by the grout in the liquid phase, and linear elastic properties of the tunnel lining and soil. Calculations are compared with measurements at the Groene Hart Tunnel (GHT), 20 km south of Amsterdam: the bending moment curve and vertical inclination of tunnel lining segments were compared. The measured bending moment curve is well reproduced. The measured vertical inclination of the lining segments is found to be governed by the beam action of the tunnel lining plus the influence of shear force in the lining. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.