导航电子地图增量式更新服务模式

为了解决导航电子地图数据生产成本高昂、更新周期长等问题,提出了由导航变化数据发现、分析、采集、制作、发布构成的导航电子地图增量式更新闭环服务模式,将公众和导航数据用户等非专业数据生产人员纳入到导航电子地图数据维护和更新框架,可以提高数据的现势性,而且大大地降低生产和应用成本,为导航电子地图服务提供了一种可操作性强的参考...     

东江流域枯水期最长连续无降水日数的变化特征

利用1956-2008年东江流域各降雨站点逐日降雨资料,建立枯水期最长连续无降水日数时间序列（LCDD）,采用经验模态分解（EMD）方法分析该序列的多尺度振荡变化及趋势变化,应用Mann-Kendall法识别突变点,采用R／S分析方法探讨变化趋势的持续性特征,并初步分析LCDD变化的可能原因。结果表明：近53年来,最长...     

Clay mineralogy as a tool for integrated sequence stratigraphic and palaeogeographic reconstructions: Late Oligocene–Early Aquitanian western internal South Iberian Margin,Spain

The different hydrodynamic behaviour of detrital clay minerals in the marine depositional environment allows assessment of relative sea‐level variations in the sedimentary record. Comparison of smectite and kaolinite:illite (S+K:I) changes with the global sea‐level curves and with the third‐order cycles of the eustatic curve for European basins allows assessment of the influence of global eustasy and local tectonics on sequence stratigraphy. In the South Iberian Margin, sedimentation took place both on open‐marine platforms and in deeper water areas. On this margin during the Late Oligocene to Early Aquitanian, the variations in sedimentation were caused not only by global eustasy but also by compressive tectonics. Correlations were made between the S+K:I cycles and the third‐order cycles for European basins, enabling the definition of four third‐order sedimentary sequences (here called C1, C2, C3, and A1) and two lower‐order sequences within C3 and A1 (here called C3a, C3b, A1a, and A1b) related to tectonic movements. High S+K:I values were observed during episodes of maximum flooding in each sequence and lower‐order sequence and in each succession, enabling changes in palaeocoastal morphology to be considered. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

广西凭祥中三叠世盆地沉积特征与构造属性分析

凭祥中三叠世盆地位于印支地块与华南地块碰撞拼合的缝合带内,记录了沿华南地块南缘展布的古特提斯分支洋盆俯冲闭合、印支地块与华南地块碰撞拼合的过程。本文通过大比例尺实测地质剖面,详细测量了凭祥盆地沉积相序及其组合变化,分析了不同相序的沉积环境及其物源,并探讨了盆地构造属性。结果表明,凭祥盆地主要充填有深水盆地相、浊积扇相和三角洲相等不同环境的沉积物。中三叠世期间盆地呈现为一系列因碰撞拼合作用形成的构造高地间夹深谷的岩相古地理面貌。深水盆地相以发育大套深灰色泥页岩和裹夹碎屑流沉积为特征,碎屑流沉积发育于构造高地陡坡一侧。浊积扇相以发育槽模、正粒序、爬升波纹层理、包卷层理、双向交错层理、透镜状层理、平行层理为特征。三角洲相以发育大型板状交错层理、潮沟、厚层透镜状砂体和砖红色泥岩为特征,类似发育于俯冲汇聚环境下的牙买加型扇三角洲,可能发育于构造高地缓坡一侧。沉积作用分析表明,主要存在碎屑流、浊流等重力流作用,并识别出底流作用。古水流分析表明存在向南和向北两个方向的物质搬运。岩相学特征表明盆地砂岩成分成熟度和结构成熟度均较低,物源为再旋回造山带或碰撞造山带。本文研究结果认为：凭祥盆地是一个伴随古特提斯分支洋盆俯冲闭合而被强烈改造的残余弧前盆地,时空上与之相配套是北泗组岛弧型流纹斑岩。该弧盆系统可能于晚二叠世末开始发育,中三叠世末结束沉积充填,暗示印支地块和华南地块最终于中三叠世碰撞拼合。     

西藏扎西康锌多金属矿床地质特征及银的赋存状态研究

扎西康锌多金属矿床位于西藏特提斯喜马拉雅板片的"金锑多金属"成矿带东段。研究显示,矿体主要呈脉状、透镜状产于近南北向的张性断裂中。热液成矿作用主要可划分为早、晚2个成矿阶段,7个成矿亚阶段,早期以铅锌矿化为主,晚期以锑(铅)矿化为主。岩矿石镜下鉴定和电子探针分析表明,扎西康矿床矿石种类繁多,矿物组合和成矿元素均呈现明显的分带现象,由深至浅(W→E)为含锡(铁)闪锌矿+铁锰碳酸盐+少量方铅矿+少量黄铜矿(深部)→(铁)闪锌矿+铁锰碳酸盐+少量方铅矿+黄铁矿+毒砂+少量银黝铜矿+少量石英(中深部)→方铅矿+闪锌矿+脆硫锑铅矿+铁锰碳酸盐+硫锑铅矿+少量银黝铜矿+石英(中部)→辉锑矿+方铅矿+少量闪锌矿+石英+少量铁锰碳酸盐(浅部),对应的元素分带为Zn(Pb+Ag+Cu+Sn)→Zn(Pb+Ag)→Zn+Pb(Sb+Ag)→Pb+Sb+Ag+Zn。矿区银矿化主要集中在Ⅴ号矿体ZK2703-ZK2302、ZK1502-ZK1105和ZK806三个区域,与铅锑矿化关系密切。矿石中银主要以类质同象的形式存在,独立银矿物相对较少。其中,类质同象银主要赋存在方铅矿中,少量赋存在硫锑铅矿、脆硫锑铅矿、毒砂、黄铁矿等金属硫化物中;独立银矿物有少量的银黝铜矿、硫锑铅银矿、银(含银)硫铜锑矿。成矿流体中铅、锌、锑、银的运移和富集沉淀是受体系中温度、压力、浓度、pH值等多种因素综合控制的结果。     

贵州苗龙金矿床毒砂中金的赋存状态研究

苗龙矿区赋矿地层为寒武系上统三都组灰岩和泥灰岩,矿体严格受断裂构造控制,矿体主要赋存于东西向Fm₁、Fm₁₄断裂中。矿床成矿作用可划分为3个期次,即沉积成岩期、热液成矿期和表生氧化期。毒砂为热液成矿期主阶段重要产物之一,主要呈菱形体、针状、柱状及放射柱状集合体产出。通过对毒砂进行电子探针分析及面扫描分析,结果表明毒砂中主成分稳定,w(Fe)为32.47%~35.71%,平均34.05%;w(S)为21.01%~26.38%,平均为23.13%;w(As)为38.50%~44.73%,平均为41.86%。其成分(FeAs_0.80S_1.17~FeAs_1.02S_1.21)明显偏离理论毒砂的成分(FeAs_1.12S_1-x≤|0.13|),具有富硫亏砷等低温热液特征。毒砂含金性较好,w(Au)为0.05%~0.14%,平均为0.06%。面扫描图像中,Au元素分布均匀,说明Au主要以晶格金(固溶体金)形式存在于毒砂中。     

沉积型一水硬铝石型铝土矿床勘查评价中 几个问题的探讨—以黔北铝土矿床为例

以黔北铝土矿为例,对沉积型一水硬铝石型铝土矿勘查评价中的4个问题进行讨论,并提出:(1)将勘查类型按普查、详查、勘探阶段分别用初定、暂定、确定来进行定性;(2)用"菱形孔"而非"矩形孔"的布置方法来解决勘查类型的变更与工程控制间距非整倍数的问题;(3)"地表工程间距加密一倍"的适用范围是:露采且处于"剥蚀区"内的矿体。地表露头线呈线状展布且上覆有岩层或虽也强风化,但仍保存原岩层层理迹象的范围,则可与勘查类型和勘查阶段同距同网;(4)普查、详查阶段中工程矿体边界A/S的取值可在1.8～2.6之间,以保证块段矿体中的A/S值达到工业要求即可。     

Granite ages within the Archaean Pilbara Block,Western Australia

Within the Pilbara Block of Western Australia, a complex of migmatite, gneissic and foliated granite near Marble Bar is intruded by a stock of younger massive granite (the Moolyella Granite) with which swarms of tin‐bearing pegmatites are associated. The age of the older granite has been determined by the Rb‐Sr method as 3,125 ± 366 m.y., and that of the Moolyella Granite as 2,670 ± 95 m.y. Initial Sr⁸⁷/Sr⁸⁶ ratios suggest that the older granite is close to primary crustal material, but that the Moolyella Granite consists of reworked material. It probably formed by partial remelting of the older granite.     

Age and origin of laterite and silcrete duricrusts and their relationship to episodic tectonism in the mid‐north of South Australia∗

Differential earth movements occurred during Eocene, Miocene, and late Caino‐zoic times. The faulting formed basins of sedimentation, led to dissection of land‐surfaces in some localities and burial in others, and faulted the Cainozoic sediments.

Laterite and silcrete cap remnants of relict landsurfaces of two different ages. Laterite formed before the Eocene; it was faulted and dissected during the Eocene in the north but continued to develop until the Miocene in the south. Silcrete formed from Eocene to Miocene times; its dissection was promoted by late Cainozoic tectonism.

Since laterite and silcrete formed on the same strata in warm, very moist environments, lithology and climate are not important genetic factors causing laterite to form at one time and silcrete at another. Only base levels of erosion differed. The silcrete surface was largely developed by streams flowing into mid‐Cainozoic lacustrine basins, whereas there is no evidence that these drainage conditions prevailed for laterite formation.     

Holocene sedimentary environments in Lake Eyre,South Australia

In late Pleistocene time Lake Dieri (ancestral ‘Greater Lake Eyre') was permanently filled during a wet climatic phase. Towards the close of Pleistocene time the watertable fell, Lake Dieri dried up, and its sediments deflated. Later the watertable rose, establishing ephemeral Lake Eyre in the deflated area, and Holocene sedimentation commenced. At about this time Lake Eyre tilted to the south and three sedimentary environments developed: (1) a saline playa environment without saltcrusts in the northern end of the lake, where water drains away before wholly evaporating; (2) a terminal salina environment in the south end, where evaporation of brines leaves saltcrusts overlying gypseous sediments; and (3) a saline flocculation environment between the playa and salina environments, where sediments are deposited by flocculation when muddy floodwater from the north meets highly saline water of the southern salina.

In the northern playa environment, sedimentation is limited to the top of the capillary fringe above the watertable, below which sediments remain moist and protected from aeolian erosion, but above which they dry and blow out of the lake. In the southern salina environment sedimentation has not kept pace with the Holocene rise in watertable. If and when it does reach such a level, downward leaching of salt and deflation of exposed sediments is likely to occur. In the flocculation environment new deposits of clay are added but kept permanently wet by rising groundwater. When flocculated sediment builds too high, its excess is transferrred by surface water into the salina deposits to the south.