有机质对海底沉积物中粘土矿物X射线衍射分析结果的影响

X射线衍射法广泛应用于分析粘土矿物的含量和结晶特征,由于粘土矿物易与有机质结合形成有机-粘土复合体,是否去除有机质对分析结果有很大影响,实验结果表明影响最大的是伊-蒙混层矿物(含蒙脱石)和伊利石的含量,为得到可靠实验数据,必须重视对样品的前处理工作,对不同批次样品应该保持一致的处理程序。     

南海高钙沉积物中18种常微量元素的ICP-AES测定方法研究

在利用ICP-AES分析南海高钙沉积物中的常微量元素时,钙、镁常常干扰其它元素测试。通过采用优化仪器工作参数、扣除背景值、谱线干扰校正和基体匹配的步骤,消除了元素干扰和钙、镁基体效应,提高了方法的灵敏度和准确度。通过对南海沉积物样品的大量实验和国家一级标准样验证,建立了适宜高钙海洋沉积物元素含量的ICP-AES测试方法。该方法检出限为1.55~271μg/L,相对标准偏差RSD<4.54%(n=6)。     

黄岛电厂取水工程潮流泥沙数值模拟

建立了基于不规则三角形网格的考虑波浪及其破碎作用的二维潮流场和泥沙场数学模型,对黄岛电厂取水海域的潮流场、泥沙场进行了数值模拟和分析,对电厂取水口的泥淤积强度进行了计算。计算结果表明,电厂取水口附近海区流弱水清,取水口泥沙淤积轻微,对电厂取水基本没有影响。     

Changjiang River sediment delivering into the sea in response to water storage of Sanxia Reservoir in 2003

1 IntroductionHuman activitieshavebeen stronglyaffecting theworld river sedimentsupply to the oceans since the19thor20thcentury(StanleyandW arne,1993;Fanos,1995;Sm ithandW inkley,1996;Stanley,1996;Yang,Shi,etal.,2004;Yang,Zhao,etal.,2002).Thesedi-m enttra…     

Molecular phylogenetic analysis of sulfate-reducing bacteria from deep sediment layers of the tropical West Pacific warm pool

1IntroductionThe tropical West Pacific warm pool(TWP-WP),which spans an area roughly between10°Nto10°S of the equator from Indonesia to the dateline,has the world’s warmest sea surface temperature ofbeing greater than29℃.With the increase of recog-niz…     

LEADAT: a MATLAB-based program for lead-210 data analysis of sediment cores

1Introduction Tracking the history of man s impact on the en-vironment, it is clear that in many places the periodof greatest impact and most dramatic transformationlies within the last 150 a (Oldfield and Appleby,1984). Many aspects of this impact can be…     

海底输油管道底砂床冲刷机理研究

设计了海底输油管道水槽冲刷试验模型,研究了海底输油管道与砂床处于不同相对位置情况下床砂起动流速的变化,采用理想流体映射定理对其进行了理论分析,探讨起动流速变化规律。结合有限元数值模拟对试验进行细化分析,研究了海底管道底砂床砂粒起动的产生机理,根据研究结果将冲刷过程划分为五个阶段。阐明了海底管道暴露冲刷的危害性和实时监测的重要性。     

柘林湾表层沉积物重金属分布及污染初步评价

研究了柘林湾表层沉积物样品中7种重金属元素的质量分数及分布特征,并对其来源进行了分析。结果显示,调查海区Zn的平均质量分数为113.0μg/g±6.5μg/g、Cr为40.1μg/g±8.5μg/g、Mn为837.9μg/g±168.6μg/g、Cu为24.0μg/g±4.3μg/g、Pb为57.7μg/g±11.3μg/g、Ni为24.4μg/g±5.7μg/g、Fe为3.7%±0.4%。重金属主要来源于陆源风化产物,其质量分数反映了粤东地区的地质特点。分别以沉积物质量和香港环保署公布的标准,对柘林湾表层沉积物重金属污染进行了评估,结果表明:只有Pb在部分站位达到中度污染水平,其它重金属元素则只为轻度污染。     

EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION AND ANALYSIS OF HEC-6 RIVER MORPHOLOGICAL MODEL

Only comparatively few experimental studies have been carried out to investigate the performance of the HEC-6 river morphological model. The model was developed by the Hydrologic Engineering Center of the US Army Corps of Engineers. In this study, experiments were carried out in a 20 m long concrete flume 0.6 m wide with varying rectangular cross-sections. The channel bed is paved with uniform sand of D₅₀ = 0.9 mm and D₉₀ = 1.2 mm within the test reach of 12 m. Two types of experiments were carried out with sediment transport, one under steady uniform flow and another under steady non-uniform flow conditions. Nine steady uniform flow experiments were carried out to compare the measured equilibrium relationship of flow and sediment transport rate with two bedload formulae, namely, Du Boys and Meyer–Peter and Muller, and with three total load formulae, namely, Toffaleti, Laursen and Yang. It was found that even though the sediment transport consists of a certain portion of bedload, the total load formulae give satisfactory results and better agreement than the two bedload formulae. Five steady non-uniform flow experiments were carried out under various conditions of varying bed profile and channel width and also with sediment addition and withdrawal. The measured transient water surface and bed profiles are compared with the computed results from the HEC-6 model. It was found that the Toffaleti and Yang total load formulae used in the HEC-6 model give the most satisfactory prediction of actual bed profiles under various conditions of non-uniform flow and sediment transport. The effects of Manning's n, variations of sediment inflow, various sediment transport formulae, sediment grain size and the model numerical parameters, i.e. distance interval Δx and numerical weighting factor, on the computed water surface and bed profiles were determined. It was found that the selection of the sediment transport formulae has the most significant effect on the computed results. It can be concluded that the HEC-6 model can predict satisfactorily a long-term average pattern of local scour and deposition along a channel with either a small abrupt change in geometry or gradually varying cross-sections. However, the accuracy of the model prediction is reduced in the regions where highly non-uniform flow occurs.     

青藏高原不同时段气候变化的研究综述

1 Introduction The annual mean world temperature increased by about 0.6℃ from the late 1800s to the 1980s (Wang, 1994). The global environmental change is marked with “global warming” and its possible effects on the ecosystem as well as the production …