The soil hydrologic response to forest regrowth: a case study from southwestern Amazonia

As a large and dynamic land‐use category, tropical secondary forests may affect climate, soils, and hydrology in a manner different from primary forests or agricultural areas. We investigated the saturated hydraulic conductivity K_sat of a Kandiudult under different land uses in Rondonia, Brazil. We measured K_sat at four depths (12·5, 20, 30 and 50 cm) under (a) primary forest, (b) a former banana–cacao plantation (SF1), and (c) an abandoned pasture (SF2). At 12·5 cm, all three land uses differ significantly (α = 0·1), but not at the 20 and 30 cm depths. At 50 cm, K_sat was significantly greater in the former pasture than in other land uses. Lateral subsurface flow is expected during intense rainfall (about 30 times per year) at 30 cm depth in SF1 and at 50 cm depth in the forest, whereas the relatively low permeability at shallow 12·5 cm in the SF2 may result not only in lateral subsurface flow, but also saturation overland flow. For modelling purposes, recovering systems seem to have K_sat values distinct from primary forest at shallow depths, whereas at deeper layers (>20 cm) they may be considered similar to forests. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Forced secondary resonances at the 3 : 1 commensurability

For the 3 : 1 Jovian resonance problem, the time scales of the two degrees of freedom of the resonant Hamiltonian are well-separated [5]. With the adiabatic approximation, the solution for the fast oscillations can be found in terms of the slowly varying variables. Thus the rapidly oscillating terms in the slow oscillation equations can be treated as forced terms. We refer to the resonance between the forcing and intrinsic frequencies as a forced secondary one in this paper. We discuss the forced secondary resonances in asteroidal motion at the 3 : 1 commensurability by using Wisdom's method. The results show that the orbits situated originally near the resonance will leave the neighbourhood of resonance and tend to the separatrices and critical points for different energies, respectively. We have not found any stochastic web as expected in this case. Moreover, we study the problem of validity on the approximation of a system.The Project Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.     

Surfaces of section in the Miranda-Umbriel 3:1 inclination problem

The recent numerical simulations of Tittemore and Wisdom (1988, 1989, 1990) and Dermottet al. (1988), Malhotra and Dermott (1990) concerning the tidal evolution through resonances of some pairs of Uranian satellites have revealed interesting dynamical phenomena related to the interactions between close-by resonances. These interactions produce chaotic layers and strong secondary resonances. The slow evolution of the satellite orbits in this dynamical landscape is responsible for temporary capture into resonance, enhancement of eccentricity or inclination and subsequent escape from resonance. The present contribution aims at developing analytical tools for predicting the location and size of chaotic layers and secondary resonances. The problem of the 3:1 inclination resonance between Miranda and Umbriel is analysed.     

淮南煤田次生生物成因气的比例及资源意义

主要利用实验的方法,并结合计算,对淮南煤田各研究矿区次生生物成因和热成因混合煤层气的比例进行了对比估算。结果显示:两种方法估算的研究区煤层气的混合比例较为一致。淮南煤田混合煤层气中次生生物成因气所占比例较大,最高达到了79%,最低的也占到了43%。同时,国内外的研究也表明,煤层中后期次生生物气的生成可明显提高煤储层的含气量。因此,淮南煤田中后期次生生物气的生成对矿区煤层气资源的贡献重大。     

中国铝物质流历史变化分析和再生铝资源利用研究

本文采用物质流分析(Material Flow Analysis, MFA)的方法, 构建了铝全生命周期动态物质流分析框架, 自上而下的追踪了1949—2021年中国铝的流量、存量和供需情况。结果表明: 1)1949—2021年中国铝土矿铝物质累计流入量5.86亿t, 国内开采与进口各占一半左右。实际铝物质累计消费量3.74亿t。生命周期内铝损失严重, 铝物质损失量2.39亿t。2)2021年人均铝物质社会存量208.9 kg/人, 与同经济发展时期的北美、日本基本一致。3)1990年以来中国再生铝产量快速增长, 累计0.77亿t, 以国内生产为主, 占比76.7%。随着含铝产品到达寿命及未来铝需求量的持续走高, 将迎来含铝产品的报废时代。建议从全生命周期的角度出发, 减少铝在各个环节的损失量; 合理布局再生铝产业, 提高再生铝的利用, 优化铝供应结构, 促进铝工业低碳转型, 支撑“双碳”目标的实现。     

渤海湾盆地黄骅坳陷石炭系—二叠系烃源岩生烃演化及与中—新生代构造演化的响应关系

渤海湾盆地石炭系—二叠系为烃源岩的古生界潜山内幕型原生油气藏认识程度低,勘探难度大,明确石炭系—二叠系烃源岩生烃演化过程及与中—新生代构造演化的响应关系对内幕型原生油气藏勘探具有重要意义。笔者等基于三维地震资料、典型井实测镜质体反射率、流体包裹体等数据资料,进一步采用构造解析、潜山埋藏史分析以及盆地生烃模拟等技术手段,探讨了渤海湾盆地黄骅坳陷中—新生代构造运动及对石炭系—二叠系烃源岩生烃演化的控制作用,明确了生烃时期及有利生烃范围。研究表明,黄骅坳陷中—新生代构造活动经历了“两期裂陷,两期抬升”的四个演化阶段,形成多种类型的埋藏史,构造运动引起的古地温变化使南北地区烃源岩进行差异了生烃演化,裂陷建造作用促进地温上升,有利于有机质生烃,挤压改造作用抑制地温上升,有机质生烃中止。乌马营潜山及歧北潜山具有3次生烃阶段,生烃期为早—中三叠纪、早白垩纪、古近纪,港北潜山具有两次生烃阶段,生烃期为早—中三叠纪、古近纪。黄骅坳陷内早期(即早—中三叠纪)生烃范围局限,晚期(即古近纪)生烃最有利,乌马营地区及歧北地区为原生油气藏有利勘探区。     

Anatomical Study of Cretaceous, Permineralized, Bennettitalean Fossils from Heilongjiang Province, NE China

Well-preserved Cretaceous trunk fragments of Cycadeoidea (Cycadeoidaceae) were recently found in Keshan County, Heilongjiang Province, Northeast China. These fossils represent important evidence of the distribution of this group of plants in East Asia. In these trunk fragments, the stem cortices and leaf bases with cones are preserved. The leaf bases are rhombic with cones infrequently distributed among leaf bases. The cortex is broad and consists of fundamental parenchyma cells, numerous secretory ducts and C-shaped leaf traces with adaxial secondary xylem and abaxial secondary phloem. The genus Cycadeoidea, which is widely distributed in the Cretaceous deposits of East Asia, North America and Western Europe, was an important component of Cretaceous floras. Bennettitalean trunk fossils with well-preserved anatomical structures are rarely known from China. These fossils are important for studies of the evolution of genus Cycadeoidea and for stratigraphic correlation.     

基于实时路况数据的原发性交通拥堵点判别——以北京市二环以内为例

以北京市二环内道路为研究区域,将实时路况数据矢量化并构建其路网间拓扑关系,根据原发性拥挤与继发性拥挤时序上的差异,提出定量的拥堵度变化点的判别准则,将拥堵度变化点分为原发性拥堵、继发性拥堵、原发性消散、继发性消散4类.研究发现原发性拥堵的时空分布符合居民出行特征,重点集中于二环内热点区域,发生在岔路口处的概率较大,且验证了继发性较原发性在时空顺序上的滞后性.     

二级生化出水化学法深度除磷实验

以二级生化出水为对象,采用4种常规除磷剂开展了化学法深度除磷和投药量经验系数法研究.研究结果表明,FeCl₃在pH为7.5、投加量为6.5 mg/L条件下,Al₂(SO₄)₃在pH为6、投加量为3.75 mg/L条件下,可使出水总磷小于0.5 mg/L,且处理费用低廉,是生化出水深度除磷的适宜药剂.FeCl₃在除磷的同时,对COD也具有较好的去除效果,可作为总磷和COD均超标的二级生化出水深度处理的有效途径.投药量经验系数法可根据原水和出水的磷质量浓度,估算出除磷剂投加量,在工程实践中具有较大的参考价值.     

昆明西山森林公园旅游垃圾管理研究

采用了情景模拟、现场观测和访谈等方法研究了昆明西山森林公园旅游垃圾管理中存在的问题,研究发现：（1）游道两侧垃圾散落严重,且多分布于隐蔽区域;（2）公园内存在诸多隐形休息区,同时也是旅游垃圾管理的盲区;（3）环卫设施设计忽视人体工学原理;（4）垃圾分类概念模糊,缺乏规范标准;（5）环境教育意识淡薄,多流于形式。研究发现依据旅游垃圾的二次利用性进行分类、重视环境教育、合理设计和布局环卫设施、科学分类收集和合理分类处理等措施有利于西山森林公园旅游垃圾的有效管理。