基于热-流-固耦合模型的石油钻井施工过程数值分析

岩土介质多场耦合问题需考虑诸多因素,温度、渗流及应力之间的耦合关系复杂,试验条件不易控制,且难以实现,因此,辅以数值模拟手段具有重要的意义。基于混合物理论,推导出岩土介质温度、渗流和应力耦合的数学模型及其控制方程,提出该数学模型的求解方法,以MATLAB语言为平台,将Abaqus程序作为一个模块嵌入迭代算法程序中,编制了多场耦合分析程序,并给出了2个典型算例验证该方法的有效性和实用性。然后,将建立的多场耦合模型和计算程序应用于石油钻井施工过程的模拟,重点分析井壁围岩内温度场、渗流场和应力场的变化规律,以及钻井液温度的变化对井壁稳定性的影响。研究成果对我国地下石油、核废料储存等工程设计和施工具有一定的指导意义。     

柯坪地区构造弱信息提取及左行走滑断层证据

通过对柯坪地区TM数据、航天飞机SIR-A数据以及高光谱数据的综合处理和野外调 查研究,充分利用雷达图象对地面结构信息的表现能力,采用多种数据源复合的方法,增强 低序次构造信息和浅覆盖物下的地质体界面信息,从图象上提取有用的构造弱信息。这些信 息显示的一系列证据确定了该区强烈左行走滑活动特征,从而揭示本区地质体在外力作用下 产生的变形格局和运动学过程。     

辽西地区沟系次生晕测量方法的研究

文章介绍了辽西某多金属矿区沟系次生晕测量的应用及效果,探讨了沟系次生晕测量中布点、采样、元素含量统计、异常图编制、异常解释和异常检查的方法与技术.工作成果证明,沟系次生晕测量是一种针对沟系发育、厚层覆盖地区的快速、经济和有效的化探方法,可迅速圈定矿化带、评价矿化带的含矿性.     

苏里格庙地区凝灰质溶蚀作用及其对煤成气储层的影响

苏里格庙地区二叠系煤成气储层非均质性明显,次生孔隙发育,砂岩中含有大量不稳定凝灰质填隙物。溶蚀模拟实验表明,在酸性水环境中,凝灰质填隙物发生明显溶蚀,并且酸性介质浓度越高溶蚀作用越强烈。在有残余粒间孔隙或裂缝沟通的较开放环境里凝灰质填隙物溶蚀作用强烈;而在较封闭的环境中,溶蚀作用不能充分进行,凝灰质填隙物保存较好。凝灰质填隙物溶蚀产生的次生孔隙,改善了煤成气储层的储集性能;但由于异地胶结作用,又在一定程度上损害了煤成气储层的整体连通性,这是鄂尔多斯盆地二叠系煤成气储层强非均质性和低渗透性的根本原因。     

陕西龙门山地震带地质灾害的地质构造约束

汶川8级特大地震发生于龙门山地震带,地震灾害损失惨重,震后诱发大量次生山地地质灾害。通过笔者参加的我省宁强、略阳等县汶川震后次生地质灾害应急排查,结合区域地质、控震构造和地震活动性分析,以期对陕西龙门山地震带次生山地地质灾害特点和地震活动规律的探讨,对我省防灾减灾提供有益的帮助。     

Secondary Silicates as a Barrier to Carbon Capture and Storage in Deccan Basalt

Investigating the immobilization of CO2, previous basalt-water-CO2 interaction studies revealed the formation of carbonates over a short period, but with the extensive formation of secondary silicates (SS). The mechanisms involved in these processes remain unresolved, so the present study was undertaken to understand secondary mineral formation mechanisms. XRPD and Rietveld refinement data for neo-formed minerals show a drastic decrease in the Ca-O bond length, with the calcite structure degenerating after 80 h (hours). However, SEM images and EDS data revealed that a longer interaction time resulted in the formation of chlorite and smectite, adjacent to basalt grains which prevent basalt-water-CO2 interaction to form carbonates, thus restricting carbonate formation. As a result of this, the CO2 mineralization rate is initially high (till 80 h), but it later reduces drastically. It is evident that, for such temperature-controlled transformations, low temperature is conducive to minimizing SS surface coating at the time of mineral carbonation.     

河南省桐柏县围山城成矿带原、次生晕地球化学特征对比分析

围山城成矿带是我国重要的变质碎屑岩型金银成矿带之一,矿带西部有破山大型银矿,中部有银洞坡特大型金矿,新发现的老洞坡-河坎银矿位于其东端,构成围山城金银矿带。矿带普查初期,曾系统开展过万分之一土壤及岩石地化测量,二者的工作方法虽然不同,但异常的形态、强度、规模、连续性、渐变性以及异常与矿体（带）的关系均大同小异,显示二方法所取得的地质效果基本一致。     

Hydraulic traits that buffer deep-rooted plants from changes in hydrology and climate

Groundwater-dependent ecosystems are often defined by the presence of deeply rooted phreatophytic plants. When connected to groundwater, phreatophytes in arid regions decouple ecosystem net primary productivity from precipitation, underscoring a disproportionately high biodiversity and exchange of resources relative to surrounding areas. However, groundwater-dependent ecosystems are widely threatened due to the effects of water diversions, groundwater abstraction, and higher frequencies of episodic drought and heat waves. The resilience of these ecosystems to shifting ecohydrological–climatological conditions will depend largely on the capacity of dominant, phreatophytic plants to cope with dramatic reductions in water availability and increases in atmospheric water demand. This paper disentangles the broad range of hydraulic traits expressed by phreatophytic vegetation to better understand their capacity to survive or even thrive under shifting ecohydrological conditions. We focus on three elements of plant water relations: (a) hydraulic architecture (including root area to leaf area ratios and rooting depth), (b) xylem structure and function, and (c) stomatal regulation. We place the expression of these traits across a continuum of phreatophytic habits from obligate to semi-obligate to semi-facultative to facultative. Although many species occupy multiple phreatophytic niches depending on access to groundwater, we anticipate that populations are largely locally adapted to a narrow range of ecohydrological conditions regardless of gene flow across ecohydrological gradients. Consequently, we hypothesize that reductions in available groundwater and increases in atmospheric water demand will result in either (a) stand replacement of obligate phreatophytic species with more facultative species as a function of widespread mortality in highly groundwater-dependent populations or (b) directional selection in semi-obligate and semi-facultative phreatophytes towards the expression of traits associated with highly facultative phreatophytes in the absence of species replacement. Anticipated shifts in the expression of hydraulic traits may have profound impacts on water cycling processes, species assemblages, and habitat structure of groundwater-dependent woodlands and riparian forests.     

Do young martian ray craters have ages consistent with the crater count system?

McEwen et al. (McEwen, A.S., Preblich, B.S., Turtle, E.P., Artemieva, N.A., Golombek, M.P., Hurst, M., Kirk, R.L., Burr, D.M., Christensen, P. [2005]. Icarus 176, 351-381) developed a useful test for the internal consistency of crater-count chronometry systems. They argued that certain multi-kilometer, fresh-looking martian craters with prominent rays should be the youngest or near-youngest craters in their size range. The “McEwen et al. test” is that the ages determined from crater densities of the smallest superimposed craters (typically diameter D ∼ 5-20 m) should thus be comparable to the expected formation intervals of the host primary. McEwen et al. concluded from MOC data that crater chronometry failed this test by factors of 700-2000. We apply HiRISE and other imagery to eight different young craters in order to re-evaluate their arguments. We use existing crater chronology systems as well as the reported observed production rate of 16 m craters (Malin, M.C., Edgett, K., Posiolova, L., McColley, S., Noe Dobrea, E. [2006]. Science 314, 1573-1557; Hartmann, W.K., Quantin, C., Mangold, N. [2007]. Icarus 186, 11-23; Kreslavsky [2007]. Seventh International Conference on Mars, 3325). Every case passes the McEwen et al. test. We conclude that the huge inconsistencies suggested by McEwen et al. are spurious. Many of these craters show evidence of impact into ice-rich material, and appear to have ice-flow features and sublimation pits on their floors. As production rate data improve, decameter-scale craters will provide a valuable way of dating these young martian geological formations and the processes that modify them.     

关中平原大地等效电导率的间接测量

为准确预报地波传播时延,用电波传播法对关中平原的大地等效电导率进行了间接测量。阐述了电波传播法的测量原理和方法,第一次给出关中平原大地等效电导率的间接测量结果,同时,给出了中国科学院国家授时中心临潼科研楼参考点的BPL信号传播时延测量结果,并对这些测量结果进行了精度分析。