多种糖类添加物对秘鲁鱿鱼(Loliginidae)肌原纤维蛋白抗冻保水效果及构象变化影响研究

为探索海藻糖类对于冷冻水产品的抗冻保水效果,以秘鲁鱿鱼(Loliginidae)鱼糜为研究对象,以焦磷酸钠保水处理为对照,研究海藻糖、海藻胶寡糖及海藻胶对秘鲁鱿鱼鱼糜蛋白质抗冻保水的作用效果。结果表明,–18°C冻藏6周后,1.0%海藻糖和海藻胶寡糖(500—600Da)处理效果最好,可显著降低冷冻鱿鱼鱼糜解冻汁液流失(5.00%—5.54%),其与焦磷酸钠保水效果无显著性差异(5.02%—5.48%,P0.05)。整个冻藏期内,随着冻藏时间延长,不同处理鱿鱼鱼糜盐溶性蛋白、Ca2+-ATPase活性及总巯基均呈逐渐下降趋势,其中海藻糖、海藻胶寡糖对鱿鱼鱼糜蛋白质特性的保护效果,显著优于蒸馏水、焦磷酸钠处理(P0.05)。本研究可为开发一种安全、高效、节能、环保,适用于冷冻鱿鱼的海藻糖类抗冻保水剂提供参考。     

海藻植物生长素的提取和分离纯化方法

以IAA作为生长素的研究代表 ,结合已有的研究和方法 ,探讨了海藻中生长素的提取和纯化分离方法。确立了以有机溶剂提取海藻中的生长素 ,以乙醚萃取法和柱层析法对生长素进行分离纯化的方法。实验表明本方法适用于大型经济海藻和商业海藻植物生长剂中生长素测定的前处理部分     

Development of a seaweed species-selection index for successful culture in a seaweed-based integrated aquaculture system

Integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA) has been proposed as a concept that combines the cultivation of fed aquaculture species (e.g., finfish/shrimp) with extractive aquaculture species (e.g., shellfish/seaweed). In seaweed-based integrated aquaculture, seaweeds have the capacity to reduce the environmental impact of nitrogen-rich effluents on coastal ecosystems. Thus, selection of optimal species for such aquaculture is of great importance. The present study aimed to develop a seaweed species-selection index for selecting suitable species in seaweed-based integrated aquaculture system. The index was synthesized using available literature-based information, reference data, and physiological seaweed experiments to identify and prioritize the desired species. Undaria pinnatifida, Porphyra yezoensis and Ulva compressa scored the highest according to a seaweed-based integrated aquaculture suitability index (SASI). Seaweed species with the highest scores were adjudged to fit the integrated aquaculture systems. Despite the application of this model limited by local aquaculture environment, it is considered to be a useful tool for selecting seaweed species in IMTA.     

利用生物控制养殖池污染的研究

利用陆基围隔对微生物制剂、底栖滤食性贝类、大型藻类控制养殖池污染进行了研究。研究表明,微生物制剂效果明显,利生健浓度达到6mg/L时即可显著降低池塘底泥的自污染速率,底泥中总氮积累速率仅为对照组的45.4%,对虾存活率提高53.25%,并能有效缓解水体中的氨氮压力。底栖滤食性贝类效果不明显,底播密度过大会加快底质的氮污染。菲律宾蛤仔(Ruditapes philippinarum)适宜底播密度为100g/m2,100g/m2处理组水体中的氨氮含量、水体和底泥中的氮积累速率在各处理组中最低,但差异不显著(p<0.05)。结果还表明,江蓠(Gracilaria tenuistip)在池塘中受到微藻竞争、浮泥以及透明度变化影响,生长较差。同时,本文通过对养殖池塘污染物基本概况的初步分析,提出了养殖环境综合治理的初步设想。     

贝藻类养殖碳汇核算与综合温室潜力评估研究进展

海水养殖可能是实现我国碳中和目标的有效途径之一。贝、藻类养殖是海水养殖的主要组成部分,可以通过碳移除(从海水中收获)、碳固定(形成贝壳)等方式成为有效的碳汇。因此,中国作为海水养殖大国,具有较大的碳汇潜力。然而,目前关于贝、藻类养殖过程中碳汇的计算、评估、监测等还没有统一的标准,对于其碳汇边界的定义(如储藏年限、周转周期等)也不清晰。本文阐述了典型贝、藻类养殖碳汇的潜力,认为碳汇的计算不仅仅要考虑储存碳,还要考虑养殖过程中由于呼吸等过程排放的碳;提出了贝、藻类养殖碳汇测算过程中存在的问题,认为目前常用的称重法等无法准确反应养殖系统的碳汇潜力;建议在未来养殖碳汇测算中首先明确碳汇边界问题(如使用长、短周期碳汇的概念)。最后,本文讨论了贝、藻类养殖生态系统综合温室效应评估的必要性,建议在碳汇核算过程中同时考虑非二氧化碳温室气体(如甲烷、氧化亚氮)的作用。     

Removal of Mercury(Hg(Ⅱ)) from Seaweed Extracts by Electrodialysis and Process Optimization Using Response Surface Methodology

In this work,response surface methodology(RSM)was employed to model and optimize electrodialysis process for mercury(Hg(II))removal from seaweed extracts.Box-Behnken design(BBD)was utilized to evaluate the effects and the interaction of influential variables such as operating voltage,influent flow rate,initial concentration of Hg(II)on the removal rate of Hg(II).The developed regression model for removal rate response was validated by analysis of variance,and presented a good agreement of the experimental data with the quadratic equation with high value coefficient of determination value(R2=0.9913,RAdj 2=0.9678).The optimum operating parameters were determined as 7.17V operating voltage,72.54L h−1 influent flow rate and 5.04mgL−1 initial concentration of mercury.Hg(II)removal rate of 76.45%was acquired under the optimum conditions,which showed good agreement with model-predicted(75.81%)result.The results revealed that electrodialysis can be considered as a promising strategy for removal of Hg(II)from seaweed extracts.     

Viable insertion in agribusiness value chains? Seaweed farming after Typhoon Yolanda (Haiyan) in Iloilo Province,the Philippines

This article provides one of the first academic assessments of upstream agribusiness value chain and rural livelihood challenges after the November 2013 Typhoon Yolanda (Haiyan), which devastated many coastal communities in the central Philippines. Based on a survey and semistructured interviews among fisherfolk, seaweed farmers and other stakeholders in Iloilo Province, this article lays bare the limited viability of the seaweed value chain as a result of the recurring typhoon threat, other environmental pressures and an ineffective regional political economy. Since Typhoon Yolanda, the marginalized communities have depended on horizontal coordination and support from international civil society. The empirical results show that enhanced information dissemination and public sector cooperation are necessary for the seaweed value chain to become more inclusive. The results could also have a wider significance for rural development in other coastal areas in Southeast Asia, namely in the spheres of adaptive strategies amidst vulnerability, upstream vertical coordination and upgrading.     

Mycobiota associated with the rhodophyte alien species Asparagopsis taxiformis (Delile) Trevisan de Saint‐Léon in the Mediterranean Sea

This study is the first to investigate and characterize the mycobiota associated with the alien species Asparagopsis taxiformis, a rhodophyte classified as one of the ‘100 worst invasive species’ in the Mediterranean Sea by the Hellenic Center for Marine Research, as it threatens biodiversity. Fungal endophyte and epiphyte communities were investigated on algal specimens from two sampling sites on the island of Linosa (Marine Protected Area Isole Pelagie, Italy). 87% of the 24 specimens that were analysed for epiphytes displayed a microfungal colonization. No endophytes were found. Only a small amount of microfungi was found to be associated with this alga. Only five fungal taxa were isolated; two of which are sporadically associated with the alga, while three, Eurotium rubrum, Cladosporium cladosporioides and Cladosporium pseudocladosporioides, seem to be related to A. taxiformis. This scarcity could be related to algal chemical composition.     

2种海藻中半挥发性物质的成分分析

选择孔石莼(Uiva pertusa)和蜈蚣藻(Grateloupia filicina)两种海藻在挥发油测定器中用乙酸乙酯通过循环蒸馏萃取,浓缩后用电子轰击(electron impact,EI)源在全扫描检测模式下进行检测。各分离组分采用美国国家标准局NIST147及WILEY7谱库检索定性,采用色谱峰面积归一法进行相对定量。从两种海藻中共鉴定出61种半挥发性化合物,以醛类物质种类最多,半挥发性组分主要是醛类、脂肪酸类和醇类物质。两种海藻中含量最高的均是棕榈酸和十五醛。烘干对鉴定出的半挥发性物质种类没有影响,但对同一类物质,保留时间短的组分烘干后质量分数有增加的趋势,而保留时间长的组分质量分数有减少的趋势。该方法是一种灵敏、准确的分析方法,可以为海洋微藻中半挥发性成分的研究提供科学依据。     

热污染对底栖海藻的影响

报导黄岛电厂冷却水排污口在热污染状况下底栖海藻的群落结构、种群内个体的生长和生殖、优势种群、生物量以及它们的季节分布,并与在自然水温条件下正常生长的海藻作对比。还讨论了变化的原因。