Paleoproterozoic Granitoids on Liaodong Peninsula,North China Craton

Paleoproterozoic granitoids are an important constituent of the Jiao–Liao–Ji Belt(JLJB). The spatial-temporal distribution and types of Paleoproterozoic granitoids are closely related to the evolution of the JLJB. In this paper, we review the field occurrence, petrography, geochronology, and geochemistry of Paleoproterozoic granitoids on Liaodong Peninsula, northeast China. The Paleoproterozoic granitoids can be divided into pre-tectonic(～2.15 Ga; peak age=2.18 Ga) and post-tectonic(～1.85 Ga) granitoids. The pre-tectonic granitoids are magnetite and hornblende–biotite monzogranites and granodiorites. Pre-tectonic monzogranites are widespread in the JLJB and have A_2-type affinities. In contrast, pretectonic granodiorites are only present in the Simenzi area and have adakitic affinities. The post-tectonic granitoids consist of porphyritic monzogranite, syenite, diorite, granodiorite, quartz monzonite, monzogranite, and granitic pegmatite, which are adakitic rocks and I-, S-, and A_2-type granitoids. The assemblage of pre-tectonic A_2-type granitoids and adakitic rocks indicates the initial tectonic setting of the JLJB was a continental back-arc basin. The assemblage of post-tectonic adakitic rocks and I-, S-, and A_2-type granitoids indicates a post-collisional setting. The 2.20–2.15 Ga A_2-type granitoids and adakitic rocks were associated with the initial stage of back-arc extension, and the peak of back-arc extension is inferred from the subsequent(2.15–2.10 Ga) mafic intrusive activity. The ～1.90 Ga adakitic rocks mark the beginning of the postcollisional stage, which was followed by the intrusion of low-temperature S-and I-type granitoids. High-to low-pressure granitoids(S-type) were generated during the peak of post-collisional lithospheric delamination and asthenospheric upwelling. The emplacement of later granitic pegmatites occurred during the waning of the orogeny.     

内蒙古狼山地区晚志留世石英闪长岩的发现及其地质意义

内蒙古狼山山脉西侧分布零星的早古生代岩浆岩,晚志留世石英闪长岩主要出露于哈日音熬瑞一带。该岩体岩性为石英闪长岩,块状构造,LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄显示,其~(206)Pb/~(238)U年龄加权平均值为419.0±4.0~413.3±1.8Ma。岩石暗色矿物为黑云母,富铁(4.27%~4.65%)、富钠(4.17%~4.45%),富集大离子亲石元素Sr、K、Pb,不同程度亏损高场强元素P、Ti、Nb,轻稀土元素富集,重稀土元素亏损,弱负Eu异常,这些特征与弧岩浆岩的地球化学特征相似;La/Ba-La/Nb图解显示俯冲交代地幔的源区特点;岩石负的ε_(Hf)(t)值(-12.1~-8.8)及较大的T_(DM2)值(1981~2362Ma)反映了古元古代古老地壳熔融的特点。花岗岩类构造判别图解及区域地质资料显示岩体形成于弧陆拼贴的构造背景。对比白乃庙地区新发现的晚志留世弧陆拼贴的石英闪长岩,两者的岩石地球化学特征及同位素特征基本一致,因此,华北地块北缘晚志留世弧陆拼贴作用向西延伸至狼山地区。     

Characteristics of tectonic deformation of the melange zone in the Lachlan Orogen along eastern coast of Australia

The Narooma-Batemans Bay (NBB) area along the southeast coast of Australia is a part of the eastern zone of the Early Paleozoic Lachlan Orogen. In the NBB, a set of rock association consisting of turbidites, siliceous rock, basic lava, and argillaceous melange zone is mainly developed. According to systematic field geological survey, the deformation of 3 stages (D1, D2, and D3) was identified in the NBB. At stage D1, with the original bedding S0 in a nearly east-west trending as the deformation plane, tight folds, isoclinal folds, and other structures formed in the NBB accompanied by structural transposition. As a result, crenulation cleavage developed along the axial plane of the folds and schistosity S1 formed. At stage D2, with north-south-trending schistosity S1 as the deformation plane, a large number of asymmetrical folds and rotated porphyroclasts formed owing to thrusting and shear. At stage D3, left-lateral strike-slip occurred along the main north-south-trending schistosity. Based on the analysis of the characteristics of tectonic deformation in the NBB and summary of previous research results, it is determined that the early-stage (D1) deformation is related to Ordovician Macquarie arc-continent collision and the deformation at stages D2 and D3 is the result of the westward subduction of Paleo-Pacific Plate. That is, it is not the continuous westward subduction of the Paleo-Pacific Plate that constitutes the evolution model of the NBB as previously considered.     

High-resolution dating of Co-rich crusts: A comparative study using the methods of orbital pacing and <Superscript>230</Superscript>Th<Subscript>ex</Subscript>/<Superscript>232</Superscript>Th dating

Due to their slow growth rates, seamount Co-rich crusts are very difficult to date with high resolution and precision. This paper is to test the use of orbital pacing on the growth profile of crusts to determine high-resolution age and growth rate. Crust CB14 from the central Pacific Ocean was selected for this study. We first examined the growth pattern in detail under a reflected-light microscope and ascertained that the growth environment was stable for the sub-layer 1 (0–3 mm). We then used electron microprobe line-scanning to obtain elemental profiles. The pattern of the power spectrum analysis of the Al-profile revealed that there are significant cycles of 113.9, 87.8, 51.5, 42.2 and 25.8 μm. These cycles correspond to the Milankovitch cycles of 53.1, 41, 24, 19.7 and 12 ka, respectively, and yield the growth rate of about 2.14 mm/Ma and an age of about 1.40 Ma for the boundary between the sub-layer 1 and sub-layer 2. We also used a drilling machine with a numerically controlled drive to obtain high-resolution samples at 0.1mm intervals, and used the ²³⁰Th_ex/²³²Th method to date the samples. For the uppermost 1.3 mm, the growth rate was about 2.15 mm/Ma, and the age for the layer at the depth of 3 mm was about 1.40 Ma, which coincides perfectly with the results obtained from orbital pacing. Thus, it is considered that orbital pacing is a new and effective method to determine the growth rate of the seamount Co-rich crust. This method is applicable for establishing a high-resolution age frame for the crusts of the world’s oceans. Supported by China Ocean Mineral Resources R & P Association (Grant No. DY105-01-01-08) and National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 40106005, 40476050)     

High-resolution dating of Co-rich crusts: A comparative study using the methods of orbital pacing and ~(230)Th_(ex)/~(232)Th dating

Due to their slow growth rates, seamount Co-rich crusts are very difficult to date with high resolution and precision. This paper is to test the use of orbital pacing on the growth profile of crusts to determine high-resolution age and growth rate. Crust CB14 from the central Pacific Ocean was selected for this study. We first examined the growth pattern in detail under a reflected-light microscope and ascertained that the growth environment was stable for the sub-layer 1 (0-3 mm). We then used electron mic...     

冬季西太平洋雅浦海山(Y3)区次表层叶绿素最大值层分布及其对悬浮体粒度的影响

2014年冬季对西太平洋雅浦(Y3)海山区两条相交断面进行水文和悬浮体调查。利用温盐深仪(CTD)和深水型原位激光粒度仪(LISST-Deep)获取调查区各站位水体剖面的温度、盐度、叶绿素a浓度以及悬浮体体积浓度和粒度分布数据,对上层(350m以浅)水体的水文和悬浮体调查结果进行分析。结果表明:Y3海山对流经该海区的洋流产生影响,在海山顶部水体中形成具有上凸形态的温、盐跃层,在局部海域形成呈下凹形态的涡旋水文结构;受温、盐跃层的影响和控制,Y3海山上层水体中次表层叶绿素最大值层(SCML)的分布与温、盐跃层的水深范围(约50—160m)相一致,其荧光叶绿素a浓度总体小于1μg/L;Y3海山上层水体的悬浮体总体积浓度在0—120μl/L之间变化,其中悬浮体体积浓度的高值水层集中分布在SCML中,且悬浮体粒度分布存在5个峰值粒级,分别为15.4、68.6、95.5、185和304μm;其中15.4μm粒级的悬浮体体积浓度最低,但其与水层中荧光叶绿素a浓度的相关性最好,反映了水层中微型浮游植物的浓度与荧光叶绿素a浓度关系比较密切;其他4个较大峰值粒级悬浮体可能由小型或中型浮游生物(及其絮凝集合体)等构成,体积浓度较高,对水体叶绿素a浓度的影响很小;Y3海山区东侧Y3-14站的悬浮体组成和分布不同于其他站位,可能有未知的环境因素影响该站位的悬浮体组成和分布。本文研究结果可为进一步开展海山区沉积和生态环境研究提供参考和依据。     

八角形FPSO与穿梭油轮串靠外输中碰撞风险分析

针对300 m作业水深下的八角形FPSO,提出采用穿梭油轮串靠的外输作业方案,研究外输过程中穿梭油轮与FPSO之间由于过分纵荡运动而引起的碰撞风险发生概率。建立由八角形FPSO及其系泊系统、穿梭油轮、系泊大缆等组成的浮式多体系统分析模型,在外输海况条件下,得到穿梭油轮与FPSO间距的时历曲线,结合极值理论,对过分纵荡运动进行预报,进而对外输系统的碰撞风险进行分析;揭示海流的方向变化对于外输系统碰撞风险的影响规律。     

Structural Safety Assessment for FLNG-LNGC System During Offloading Operation Scenario

The crashworthiness of the cargo containment systems (CCSs) of a floating liquid natural gas (FLNG) and the side structures in side-by-side offloading operations scenario are studied in this paper. An FLNG vessel is exposed to potential threats from collisions with a liquid natural gas carrier (LNGC) during the offloading operations, which has been confirmed by a model test of FLNG-LNGC side-by-side offloading operations. A nonlinear finite element code LS-DYNA is used to simulate the collision scenarios during the offloading operations. Finite element models of an FLNG vessel and an LNGC are established for the purpose of this study, including a detailed LNG cargo containment system in the FLNG side model. Based on the parameters obtained from the model test and potential dangerous accidents, typical collision scenarios are defined to conduct a comprehensive study. To evaluate the safety of the FLNG vessel, a limit state is proposed based on the structural responses of the LNG CCS. The different characteristics of the structural responses for the primary structural components, energy dissipation and collision forces are obtained for various scenarios. Deformation of the inner hull is found to have a great effect on the responses of the LNG CCS, with approximately 160 mm deformation corresponding to the limit state. Densely arranged web frames can absorb over 35% of the collision energy and be proved to greatly enhance the crashwo-rthiness of the FLNG side structures.     

三江特提斯兰坪盆地构造-流体-成矿系统

西南三江中段兰坪地区经历了复杂的碰撞造山过程,导致成矿时间长、强度大、作用多样,复合叠加成矿突出;碰撞造山时空演化格架和成矿作用已有深入探索,而叠加成矿作用及其对碰撞造山过程的响应,构造控矿样式,及金属富集机理尚需研究。本文以碰撞造山过程与成矿系统研究为基础,选取金顶和金满等矿床为重点解剖对象,以盆地卤水和热液铅锌铜银成矿作用为主线,利用锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb和流体包裹体测试分析手段,解析兰坪盆地构造-流体-成矿系统。利用锆石U-Pb同位素定年获得兰坪盆地西侧片麻质花岗岩和二长花岗岩的上交点年龄和加权平均年龄为1067±20Ma和206±1Ma,分别代表了基底岩石前寒武时期变质事件的年龄,以及昌宁-孟连古特提斯洋后碰撞造山事件的年龄。在此基础上,构建了兰坪盆地的前寒武盆地基底形成、中二叠世-中三叠世前陆盆地、晚三叠世裂谷盆地、侏罗纪-白垩纪坳陷盆地、古新世-早渐新世前陆盆地和晚渐新世-中新世走滑拉分盆地等复杂的转化过程。三江特提斯兰坪盆地发育3个与碰撞造山盆地有关的Pb-ZnCu-Ag-Au-Sb-Hg成矿系统:(1)中低温热液脉型Cu-Ag多金属成矿系统,以金满-连城铜钼矿床为代表。成矿铜和铅锌矿化两期叠加,集中于早始新世(56~46Ma)和渐新世-中新世(32~21Ma)。成矿流体盐度变化于0.88%~20.51%NaC leqv之间,成矿温度较低,通常在210~270℃,显示以低温高盐度的盆地卤水为主的特征,可能受到来自富CO2的变质流体影响;(2)浅成低温热液Sb-Au-Hg-As多金属成矿系统,以笔架山锑矿床为代表。成矿时间集中于中-晚始新世。成矿流体盐度6.0%NaC leqv,成矿温度较低,通常在145~200℃,显示以大气降水为主的特征;(3)密西西比河谷型Pb-Zn多金属成矿系统,以金顶超大型铅锌矿床为代表。成矿时间集中于32~21Ma之间。成矿流体盐度变化于1.6%~18%NaC leqv之间,成矿温度较低,通常在80~190℃,显示以低温高盐度的盆地卤水为主的特征,可能有大气降水的贡献。文章最后解析了兰坪盆地构造-流体-成矿过程。研究对兰坪地区盆地卤水–岩浆热液型铅锌铜银成矿系统认识,为大陆碰撞过程及叠加成矿作用进一步研究提供理论支撑。     

兴海地区中高压混杂岩片的发现及其构造意义

分布于昆秦接合部—苦海—赛什塘构造混杂带中的混杂岩片,经历了中高压绿片岩相变质和同期强烈的韧性剪切变形,经推算其变质条件P=0.5～0.7GPa,T=400～450℃,地热梯度为16～22℃/Km,属不典型的中高压变质作用产物。经研究确定,物质沉积混杂的时代为P_1—P_2,变质变形作用时间为263～278Ma,经历最后一次变质并折返时间为220～279Ma,三个时期分别代表着本区经历的古特提斯洋壳俯冲、弧陆碰撞—陆内碰撞和陆内造山作用阶段。