东秦岭上宫金矿流体成矿作用:放射成因同位素地球化学研究

赋存于东秦岭熊耳地体熊耳群陆相火山岩中的上宫金矿,是典型的断控脉状造山型金矿床,其成矿物质长期被认为来自结晶基底太华超群(所谓原生矿源层)、盖层熊耳群(所谓衍生矿源层)或燕山期花岗岩,或者下伏地壳或地幔。但是,这些观点与放射成因同位素研究结果相矛盾,因此可以认为成矿物质侧向来源于熊耳地体以南的管道口群栾川群沉积地层,后者沿马超营断裂向北陆内俯冲到熊耳地体之下,通过变质脱水导致上宫金矿成矿流体系统的发育和矿床形成。此外,成矿早阶段石英40Ar/39Ar年龄为222.8Ma±24.9Ma;成矿早、中、晚阶段矿物或岩石的Rb-Sr等时线年龄分别为242Ma±10Ma,165Ma±7Ma和113Ma±6Ma,表明成矿发生在250Ma～100Ma之间,同步于华北与扬子板块的陆陆碰撞造山作用。     

Dislocation structure of the crust-mantle boundary and low-velocity body within the crust beneath the Dabie Shan collision orogen

The Dabie Shan is located on the eastern side of the Qinling-Dabie orogenic belt, which marks a geological boundary between the Sino-Korean and Yangtze cra- ton. Since the 1980s, the discovery of coesite and mi- crodiamond in the Dabie Shan orogen motivates an extensive interest to the ultra-high pressure (UHP)metamorphism and its exhumation[1,2]. Many results about them were published, which deal with different disciplines, including tectonics, petrology and chro- nology[3?8]. Up to now,…     

Seismotectonic Reactions to the Arc-continent Convergence in Central Philippines

Abstract. High seismic activity in the Philippines originates from tectonic convergence related to surface and subsurface seismotectonic features. Based on earthquake data, the archipelago can be divided into the seismically-active Philippine Mobile Belt and the aseismic North Palawan Block. The latter represents a rifted continental fragment of the Eurasian margin that juxtaposed with the rest of island arc units in central Philippines. Earthquake hypocenter plots on planar and in vertical profiles show that the seismic events are associated with known seismotectonic features. In addition, data suggest that the collision zone between the North Palawan Block and the Philippine Mobile Belt is characterized by a decreased amount of hypocenters at > 100 km depths. Although field evidence favors the presence of a subducted slab or slabs beneath western central Philippines, these are difficult to image using the present seismicity distribution dataset.     

Correlation of the Late Cenozoic endogenic events and climatic variations in Central Asia

Trend of climatic changes in geological history of the Earth was determined by gradual decrease in the global surface temperature. Substantial deviations from this trend depended on the prevalent type of volcanism: predominantly explosive volcanism at convergent boundaries between lithospheric plates led to cooling and onset of glacial epochs, while intense intraplate volcanism strengthened greenhouse effect and resulted in global warming. During cold epochs, orogenic processes played an important role in climatic variations. The most frequent and regular climatic variations are controlled by the Earth position in solar orbit (Milankovitch cycles). The Late Cenozoic variations of cold climate were interrelated with orogenic processes caused by collision between the Indian and North Asian lithospheric plates. The first event of considerable cooling in the Northern Hemisphere (2.8–2.5 Ma ago) coincided with a rapid growth of mountains throughout the collision belt. The Tibetan Plateau formed in South Asia. In Central Asia, the large (> 1.5 × 10⁶ km²) Khangai-Altai-Sayan mountain system appeared 3 Ma ago. Total area subjected to orogenic processes in Central and South Asia exceeded 9 × 10⁶ km². The intense intraplate volcanism suggests that sublithospheric mantle was involved into orogenic processes. Alternation of glacial and interglacial climatic epochs during the last 1.8 m.y. is recorded in Central Asia. These climatic variations are compatible with the Milankovitch cycles. As is established, climatic events recognizable in the Baikal sedimentary record are correlative with interglacial and glacial epochs detectable in volcanic lavas of the East Sayan Mountains. There are indications of lava eruptions into ice during the cold periods. It is assumed therefore that all the cooling epochs detectable in the Baikal sedimentary record after 1.8 Ma were associated with development of mountain glaciation that formed glacial sheet up to 3 km thick and 100 000 km² in size. During the Brunhes Chron, there were eight glaciations at least. The endogenic (volcanism and orogeny) and exogenic (glaciation) processes during the last 3 m.y. are shown to be correlative. The intermittent development and degradation of thick ice sheets was responsible for oscillation of lithospheric load on the asthenosphere, and this caused periodical magma generation in marginal parts of volcanic provinces.     

3-D Simulation of Tectonic Loading at Convergent Plate Boundary Zones: Internal Stress Fields in Northeast Japan

The evidence of east-west compression in northeast Japan has been reported by many investigators on the basis of geodetic, geologic and geomorphic data, but its origin still remains far from understood. In the present study we have proposed a mechanical model of tectonic loading at convergent plate boundary zones, and demonstrated its validity through the numerical simulation of internal stress fields in northeast Japan with realistic 3-D geometry of plate interfaces. At convergent plate boundary zones, in general, a part of plate convergence is consumed by steady slip along plate interfaces, and the remaining part by inelastic deformation (seismic faulting, aseismic faulting, and active folding) of overriding plates. Such a plate boundary process to be called ``partial collision' can be quantitatively described by introducing a collision rate defined as c = 1 − steady slip rate at plate interfaces/plate convergence rate. By this definition, we can simply represent the mechanical process of partial collision, which includes total subduction (c = 0) and total collision (c = 1) as two extreme cases, in terms of steady slip rates at plate interfaces. On the basis of elastic dislocation theory, first, we numerically computed the internal stress fields in northeast Japan produced by the total subduction of the Pacific plate beneath the North American plate, however the computed stress pattern was opposite in sense to observations. Then, we computed the internal stress fields by taking c = 0.1 on average, and succeeded in reproducing the observed east-west compression in northeast Japan. This indicates that the concept of partial collision is essential to understand the mechanism of intraplate tectonic loading.     

Metallogenic geodynamic background of Mesozoic gold deposits in granite-greenstone terrains of North China Craton

The spatial distribution map of 65 mid-large gold-deposits hosted in the granite-greenstone terrains of the North China Craton is first drawn. These gold deposits mainly concentrate in the Mesozoic remobilized Yinshan-Yan-shan-Liaoning-Jilin intracontinental collisional orogenic belt, the northern Qinling and the Jiaodong Mesozoic collisional orogenic belts, and the Mesozoic intracontinental fault-magmatic belts developed along the Taihangshan and the Tan-Lu faults; their mineralizing time is predominantly Jurassic-Cretaceous, i. e. the Yanshanian. The metallogenic geodynamic background is exactly the compression-to-extension transition regime during continental collision. The results are partly from the project entitled “The main types of gold mineralizations in China and their metallogenic model” (89-El) supported by the Ministry of Metallurgical Industry of China, and projects “Geology and metallogenesis of the main type gold deposits in East Chinaⁿ” (Grant No. 9488010) and “Study on ore-forming fluids of the Wangfeng gold deposit, Xinjiang” supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 49672119).     

喜马拉雅─祁连山地壳构造与大陆─大陆碰撞过程

在青藏高原,利用远震波形及演所得的Moho界面深度,其横向变化很大．在班公缝合带附近,Moho界面出现10余公里的错断．羌塘块体的Moho界面向北倾斜,而柴达木和巴颜喀拉的Moho界面向南倾斜．利用近震Pn的走时验证远震波形反演所得的Moho界面深度,两者的结果十分吻合．综合近来地球物理观测的结果。我们得到喜马拉雅─祁连山的地壳构造图,它贯穿印度─欧亚的碰撞带和中生代的陆─陆碰撞带．特提斯喜马拉雅和拉萨块体的地壳是由多个双向冲断层所组成,它们可以解释为在不同时期中,印度次大陆曾经数次向拉萨块体地壳挤入,而且羌塘块体的地壳也向拉萨块体的地壳挤入．测量冲断层的水平长度,可以定量估算自50Ma陆─陆碰撞以来,印度次大陆和羌塘块体向特提斯喜马拉雅和拉萨块体地壳挤入的长度．     

Collision structure in the upper crust beneath the southwestern foot of the Hidaka Mountains, Hokkaido, Japan as derived from explosion seismic observations

The P-wave velocity structure of the upper crust beneath a profile ranging from Niikappu to Samani in the southwestern foot of the Hidaka Mountains, Hokkaido, Japan was obtained through analysis of refraction and wide-angle reflection data. The mountains are characterized by high seismicity and a large gravity anomaly. The present profile crosses the source region of the 1982 Urakawa-oki earthquake (M_s 6.8). The length of the profile is 66 km striking northwest and southeast. Along the profile, 64 vertical geophones were set up and 5 shot points were chosen. For each shot, a 400–600 kg charge of dynamite was detonated. The studied area is composed of four major geological belts: Neogene sedimentary rocks, the Kamuikotan belt, the Yezo Group, and the Hidaka belt. The measurement line crosses these geological trend at an oblique angle. The structure obtained is characterized by remarkable velocity variations in the lateral direction and reflects the surface geological characteristics. A thin, high-velocity layer (HVL) was found between low-velocity materials in the central part of the profile, beneath the Kamuikotan Metamorphic Belt, at a depth ranging from 0.5 to 6 km, overthrusting toward the west on the low-velocity materials consisting of Neogene sedimentary rocks, and forming gentle folds. Outlines of the velocity structure of the Hidaka Mountains yielded by other studies have shown a large-scale overthrust structure associated with the collision of the Outer Kurile and the Outer Northern Honshu Arcs. The shallow velocity structure inferred by the present study showed a similar (although small scale) overthrust structure. The obtained structure shows that the composite tectonic force, comprising westward movement of the Outer Kurile Arc and northward movement of the Outer Northern Honshu Arc, plays an important role in the evolution of the tectonic features of the crust and upper mantle in a wide depth range beneath the Hidaka Mountains.     

赣东北信江盆地中生代晚期构造演化研究

在江西上饶地区填图当中,基于岩浆活动、沉积体系分析和地貌景观及深部的构造等信息,本文提出了赣乐北信江盆地中生代晚期的构造演化,可划分为：早熟山陆内碰撞撞造山和中晚燕山陆内裂谷期、坳隐期及反转期两个阶段,主要构造转换的时间在早白晋世早期与早中期的认识。