基于遥感数据的多年平均物候不确定性研究

多年平均物候能够反映植被生长发育节律的均衡状态,是植被物候模拟与预测的关键参数之一。遥感已广泛用于地表物候监测,是空间多年平均物候信息的重要来源。然而,基于遥感的多年平均物候存在不同计算方法,如先确定每年时序曲线的物候点再求平均值（平均法）,以及先求多年平均时序曲线再确定物候点（参考曲线法）。上述方法的结果可能存在差异,但目前尚缺乏对这一不确定性及其影响的认识。针对该问题,本研究利用2001年—2016年遥感植被指数数据,分别在平均法和参考曲线法下提取中国森林生长季起始时间的多年平均值（■）,比较■的差异（■）及其空间异质性;进一步选取物候研究中常用指标,即以■为基础的温度“季前时长PD (Preseason Duration)”,分析■不同计算方法对物候—气候关系的潜在影响。结果表明,（1）不同方法下的■差异显著,总体上平均法小于参考曲线法（-2.6±2.2 d,占88%）,其中存在8.0%和6.0%的有效像元其动态平均法和固定平均法小于参考曲线法超过7 d,主要分布在东南丘陵地区。（2）■具有显著的空间异质性,主要表现为随年均温的升高而减小（Slope=0.07 d/℃,P<...     

地理国情普查中地表覆盖分类数据典型问题解析

由于地理国情普查是一个全新的、有别于其他测绘项目的新兴项目,在生产过程中难免会出现各种各样的问题。本文结合生产实际,对于地表覆盖分类数据生产过程中出现的一些特征明显、问题集中的错误进行归类解析。     

基于水平集的海岛（礁）提取

提出了适合航空影像区域分割的水平集运算策略,将原始影像首先进行格网分类,对分类后的海岸线格网进行水平集运算提取精确海岛（礁）边缘,并采用多核编程策略提高运算效率。实验表明该方案效果理想,能够正确提取海岛（礁）区域。     

Soil respiration mapped by exclusively use of MODIS data for forest landscapes of Saskatchewan,Canada

Soil respiration (R_s) is of great importance to the global carbon balance. Remote sensing of R_s is challenging because of (1) the lack of long-term R_s data for model development and (2) limited knowledge of using satellite-based products to estimate R_s. Using 8-years (2002–2009) of continuous R_s measurements with nonsteady-state automated chamber systems at a Canadian boreal black spruce stand (SK-OBS), we found that R_s was strongly correlated with the product of the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and the nighttime land surface temperature (LSTn) derived from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) imagery. The coefficients of the linear regression equation of this correlation between R_s and NDVI × LSTn could be further calibrated using the MODIS leaf area index (LAI) product, resulting in an algorithm that is driven solely by remote sensing observations. Modeled R_s closely tracked the seasonal patterns of measured R_s and explained 74–92% of the variance in R_s with a root mean square error (RMSE) less than 1.0 g C/m²/d. Further validation of the model from SK-OBS site at another two independent sites (SK-OA and SK-OJP, old aspen and old jack pine, respectively) showed that the algorithm can produce good estimates of R_s with an overall R² of 0.78 (p < 0.001) for data of these two sites. Consequently, we mapped R_s of forest landscapes of Saskatchewan using entirely MODIS observations for 2003 and spatial and temporal patterns of R_s were well modeled. These results point to a strong relationship between the soil respiratory process and canopy photosynthesis as indicated from the greenness index (i.e., NDVI), thereby implying the potential of remote sensing data for detecting variations in R_s. A combination of both biological and environmental variables estimated from remote sensing in this analysis may be valuable in future investigations of spatial and temporal characteristics of R_s.     

抵偿高程面任意带高斯投影坐标系统的变形分析及应用

对投影变形问题进行了分析,结合实例,探讨了抵偿高程面任意带高斯投影对控制投影变形的实用性。     

浅析地理国情普查内容分类体系

为确保第一次全国地理国情普查的顺利进行,需要对普查内容分类体系有一致、深入的理解与认识。本文先后分析了地理国情普查内容分类的原则和采用的三级分类与编码体系,讨论了不同门类普查数据的表示方法,提出了基于决策树思想的一级类可靠判译方法,最后通过比较分析,指出了该分类体系与其他已有体系的异同,可为深入理解地理国情普查内容提供有益参考。     

Advances in understanding of the mechanism for generation of earthquake thermal precursors detected by satellites

Stresses building up during an earthquake preparation phase also manifest themselves in the form of a so called increased land surface temperature (LST) leading to a thermal precursor prior to the earthquake event. This phenomenon has now been validated by our observations of short-term thermal anomalies detected by infrared satellite sensors for several recent past earthquakes around the world. The rise in infrared radiance temperature was seen to vary between 5 and 12 °C for different earthquakes. We discuss in this paper different explanations for the generation of such anomalies that have been offered. Emission of gases due to the opening and closure of micropores upon induced stresses and also the participation of ground water have been propounded as a possible cause for generation of thermal anomalies. Seismo-ionosphere coupling, by which gases like radon move to the earth–atmosphere interface and cause air ionization thus bringing about a change in air temperature, relative humidity, etc., has been put forth by some workers. A mechanism of low frequency electromagnetic emission was tested and experimented by scientists with rock masses in stressed conditions as those that exist at tectonic locations. The workers proposed the positive hole pair theory, which received support from several scientific groups. Positive holes (sites of electron deficiency) are activated in stressed rocks from pre-existing yet dormant positive hole pairs (PHPs) and their recombination at rock–air interface leads to a LST rise. A combination of remote sensing detection of rock mechanics behavior with a perception of chemistry and geophysics has been applied to propose the remote sensing rock mechanics theory. Remote sensing detections of such anomalies confirm so far proposed lab theories for such a hotly debated field as earthquake precursor study by providing unbiased observations with consistency in time and space distribution.     

地壳垂直形变模型的研究

本文重点研究了建立整个形变区域的形变速率曲面和形变加速率曲面,同时也研究了求这两种曲面的方法(基于多元逐步回归分析的间接法和直接法),从而使我们对整个形变区域有一个形变的整体概念,也使我们能方便地得出形变区任何一个已知其平面位置的点在任一观测期内的形变量。     

基于人工神经网络面插值的方法研究

前人研究表明三层前向人工神经网络不仅能以任意精度逼近任意函数,还能以任何精度逼近其各阶导数。根据这一特性,本文将反向传播网络（Ｂａｃｋ－Ｐｒｏｐａｇａｔｉｏｎ,简称ＢＰ网络）应用于面插值。本文认定地理要素的空间分布可以用一复杂的非线性函数模拟,该函数是由多种因素综合作用的结果,即地理要素的值是这些因素的函数,如果以各因素的输入、对应地理要素值为期望输出,对网络进行训练可对地理要素的空间分布进行模拟     

联合机载LiDAR数据和潮汐数据自动提取潮位线

首先,联合机载激光雷达(LiDAR)数据提取的海岸带数字表面模型(DSM)与验潮站数据提取的高、低潮面进行相交运算,生成"水陆二值图像",然后对其以提取边缘的方式提取高、低潮潮位线;针对LiDAR光束无法穿透水体导致低潮线附近DSM为无效值的缺陷,采取移动趋势面拟合法外推概略低潮线附近DSM,在此基础上重新提取更精确的低潮潮位线。实验表明,该方法能在较少人工干预的情况下有效提取高、低潮潮位线。