北极海冰变化特征分析

本文利用NASA的海冰密集度资料(时间为1978年10月～2002年9月,分辨率为1.0×0.25),计算并分析了1978～2002年的北极海冰面积、范围的时间变化趋势以及变化的空间分布。     

Influence of salinity on permeability characteristics of marine sediments

Abstract

Laboratory tests were conducted on compacted marine sediments to study the effect of salt concentration of permeating fluid on its permeability characteristics. Deep sea sediment samples were collected from water depths varying from 3700 to 4500 m off Mauritius coast. Liquid limit and plasticity index varied widely from 45 to 75 and 10 to 35, respectively. Permeability was found at different void ratios with distilled water and 0.2, 0.4, and 0.8 N NaCl solutions as permeating fluid. It was found that permeability increases with an increase in salt concentration for a given void ratio. This is explained by diffused double layer theory. Also, the rate of increase in permeability decreases with increase in salt concentration. The effect of salt concentration seemed to be less at higher void ratios.     

浅海孔底锤击绳索取芯钻探工艺浅析

主要介绍了浅海海域锆钛砂矿勘查中采用孔底锤击绳索取芯钻探工艺的原理、注意事项并简单介绍工程实例。经实践证明该工艺具有较好的使用价值,可以推广到工程钻探中。     

A DIAGNOSTIC ANALYSIS OF AIR TEMPERATURE ANOMALY MODE OVER CHINA IN 2009/2010 WINTER BASED ON GENERALIZED EQUILIBRIUM FEEDBACK ASSESSMENT (GEFA) METHOD

By using the observed monthly mean data over 160 stations of China and NCAR/NCEP reanalysis data, the generalized equilibrium feedback assessment(GEFA) method, combined with the methods of EOF analysis, correlation and composite analysis, is used to explore the influence of different SST modes on a wintertime air temperature pattern in which it is cold in the northeast and warm in the southwest in China. The results show that the 2009/2010 winter air temperature oscillation mode between the northern and southern part of China is closely related to the corresponding sea surface temperature anomalies(SSTA) and its associated atmospheric circulation anomalies. Exhibiting warming in Northeast China and cooling in Southwest China, the mode is significantly forced by the El Nio mode and the North Atlantic SSTA mode, which have three poles. Under the influence of SSTA modes, the surface northerly flow transported cold air to North and Northeast China, resulting in low temperatures in the regions. Meanwhile, the mid-latitude westerlies intensify and the polar cold air stays in high latitudes and cannot affect the Southwest China, resulting in the warming there.     

Observational estimation of heat budgets on drifting ice and open water over the Arctic Ocean

It is of major scientific interests to determine the parameters of momentum, heat and vapor exchange in the planetary boundary layer in order to study the effects of ocean-ice-atmosphere interactions and their feedback mechanisms on global climate[1]. Lin…     

深海液压主从式机械手控制器

深海主从式机械手控制器是一个比较复杂的系统,可靠性要求高.分析了美国Schilling机械手的特点,介绍了研制的一台6自由度的机械手控制器的硬件电路和软件算法.该控制器运行稳定.机械手动作精度、速度满足使用要求.     

夏季季风转换期间南沙群岛海域的温盐分布特征

应用2002年5月9-22日南沙群岛海域的水文观测资料,分析了季风转换期间南沙群岛海域的水文状况,并对比了调查海域不同区域的温盐分布特征。结果表明,夏季风转换期间海洋表层温度较高,基本在30℃以上,垂直结构上温度层结比较稳定。东北一西南走向界线两侧海域的温盐状况有明显的差异：西北部海域温度较高,垂向上有逆盐层现象;东南部海域温度相对较低,盐度的垂向结构上显示有双跃层现象,两海区水文特征的差异与季风结构和局地环流有密切的关系。从连续站温盐的时空剖面图可以看到,跃层以下,不规则的半日周期内潮对温盐分布有显著的影响。     

一种飞机空中积冰潜势诊断指数与检验评估

飞机积冰是影响飞行安全的重要危险天气,准确的积冰诊断对民航运行与安全具有重大意义,特别是对国产大飞机适航取证具有重要作用。本文参考改进的CIP(Current Icing Potential)指数,使用垂直速度和云中液态水含量对积冰潜势诊断指数进行优化得到SCIP(Simplified Current Icing Potential)指数,该指数直接基于大气层结资料给出较为准确地飞机积冰潜势,具有命中率高、实用性强的特点。用2021年2月28日至12月31日民航航空器报告对原CIP指数和SCIP指数进行对比验证评估,发现相比于原CIP指数,SCIP指数具有更优异的ROC曲线(Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve)和TSS评分(True Skill Score)。但是对于不同程度的积冰,原CIP指数和SCIP指数均表现出较一致诊断效果,表明SCIP指数对诊断飞机积冰潜势具有重要作用,但无法判断积冰强度。根据2020年3月16日陕西区域飞机结冰个例验证表明增加垂直速度和云中液态水含量的影响对飞机积冰的描述更加细致,对提升积冰潜势诊断效果具有重要意义...     

Numerical modelling of deep sea air-lift

Deep sea air-lifting of solid particles from depth of 1600 m is simulated with a mathematical model of the three-phase flow in an upward pipe. The computations are carried out for an axisymmetric domain in a transient way. Phase distributions, pressure and velocity profiles together with flow rates for all phases are presented and analysed. The influence of the pipe diameter on the air-lift efficiency was studied for air-lift pipes of different lengths and found to be significant. The lifting efficiency increases with the increase of the pipe diameter due to the reduction of the wall friction influence on the flow. In addition, the efficiency also increases with the increase of the solid particles volume fraction at the inlet. The presented numerical model can be utilized during various stages of the design of the air-lift pumps to help answer fundamental questions on the process, and during their operation to select optimal process parameters and to address possible problems.     

基于迁移学习方法的山东冷云冰晶特征分布研究

为分析冷云中冰晶的分布特征,揭示冰晶增长演变机制,根据冰晶形状和尺度特征分为8类并进行标注,同时标注1类隔断栏进行数据质量控制,将9类标签图像整合并建立图像集,利用迁移学习VGGNet16方法进行识别训练,经训练模型分类准确率达98%。将模型应用到秋季冷云冰晶特征研究中,选取3次积层混合云和3次层状云降水过程,分析冰晶形状在不同温度区间的占比及冰晶谱变化特征,结果表明,温度通过影响冰晶基面与棱面的比值来决定冰晶初始形状分布,相同温度区间积层混合云内球状冰晶和线型冰晶占比高于层状云,低于-12℃后各类冰晶占比相对固定;积层混合云内线型冰晶直径集中在300~800 μm,冰晶谱呈多峰分布,聚合体直径大于600 μm,冰晶谱首尾两端浓度相当,球状冰晶直径集中在120～300 μm,冰晶谱呈单调下降趋势。