斜向波作用下海底管线周围床沙组成变化

海底管线周围的不平衡输沙影响着海底管线的局部冲刷,进而影响海底管线的安全运营。基于波浪港池实验,考虑规则波的作用,采用中值粒径为0.219 mm的原型沙铺设与波浪传播方向成45°夹角的斜坡,斜坡坡度为1∶15,研究管线局部冲刷坑床沙组成变化情况。实验结果表明:与冲刷深度随时间的发展类似,冲刷宽度随时间的发展也分为初级阶段和次级阶段;管线周围床沙粗化程度最高的地方并不在管线的正下方,而在管线的后下方;周期增加,冲刷坑床沙粗化程度增大;与原始床沙相比,周期较小时,冲刷坑下方床沙细化,周期较大时则粗化,而波高对床沙扰动的影响具有不稳定性。     

桩柱周围海底冲刷深度计算及动力参数的选取

通过６０年代以来研究的桩柱周围海底冲刷深度计算模式的对比分析表明,我国学者王汝凯等人提出的“普遍冲刷深度”、“局部冲刷深度”和“总冲刷深度”的计算模式在科研和生产实践中是可行的,能给设计和施工提供科学的和有价值的参数。各种冲刷深度的计算模式如下：普遍冲刷深度ｌｇ（Ｓｕ０／ｎ＋０．０５）＝－０．６６３＋０．３６４９ｌｇα（１）局部冲刷深度ｌｇ（Ｓｕ１／ｈ）＝－１．２９３５＋０．１９１７ｌｇβ（２）总     

实验室用超声地形测量仪

滩海工程模拟对地形测量的速度和精度要求很高。目前国内测量地形的仪器速度太慢 ,不能满足要求。实验室用超声地形测量仪 (以下简称地形仪 )可以在实验室大水池内快速、精确测量冲刷地形 ,测量精度达到± 2 mm,能在 1.2 m/ s的运动速度下以每厘米一个测点的密度进行测量。能绘出水下地形的三维立体图和二维等高线图 ,是目前国内水工实验室内独有的测量仪器。     

Experimental Study on Local Scour Around Bridge Piers in Tidal Current

Local scour around a bridge pier is an important pm‘mneter for the design of a bridge. Compared with the local scour in a mono-directional current, the local scour in a tidal current has its unique characteristics. In this paper, several aspects of local scour around bridge piers in tidal current, including the scour development process, the plane form of a scour hole and the maximum scour depth, are studied through movable bed flume experiments.     

Scour of the Seabed Under A Pipeline in Oscillating Flow

The scour of the seabed under a pipeline is studied experimentally in this paper. Tests are carried out in a U-shaped oscillatory water tunnel with a box imbedded in the bottom of the test section. By use of the standard sand, clay and plastic grain as the seabed material, the influence of the bed material on the scour is studied. The relationship between the critical initial gap-to-diameter ratio above which no scour occurs and the parameters of the oscillating flow is obtained. The self-burial phenomenon, which occurs for the pipeline not fixed to two sidewalls of the test section, is not observed for the fixed pipeline. The effect of the pipe on sand wave formation is discussed. The maximum equilibrium scour depths for different initial gap-to-diameter ratios, different Kc numbers and different bed sands are also given in this paper.     

东山湾泥沙运移趋势及其对海底冲淤的影响

本文根据1984和1988年东山湾水文泥沙观测资料,研究了该湾水体含沙量分布、运移趋势和泥沙来源。结果表明:泥沙含量较低,其平均值为37.1g/m~3,最高值为531.88/m~3;泥沙含量的分布趋势从漳江口向东山湾口递减;漳江口泥沙淤积严重,其平均淤积速率为13.8cm/a,而东山湾口区处于冲刷状况,东山湾泥沙主要来源于漳江流域和该湾周边区域。此外,浙闽沿岸流也携带来部分泥沙。     

Artificial neural network study of observed pattern of scour depth around bridge piers

An artificial neural networks (ANN) model is developed to study the observed pattern of local scour at bridge piers using an FHWA (Federal Highway Administration) data set composed of 380 measurements at 56 bridges in 13 states. Various ANN estimates of observed pier scour depth on different choices of input variables are examined. Reducing the number of variables from 14 to 9 has negligible effect on the coefficient of determination, R², (0.73 vs. 0.72). Further sensitivity analysis indicates that pier scour depth can be estimated using only four variables: pier shape and skew, flow depth and velocity with a coefficient of determination of 0.81, suggesting that inclusion of some variables actually diminishes the quality of ANN predictions of short term observed pattern of scour. The ANN estimates indicate that flow depth and flow velocity make up 66% of the coefficient of determination.     

单一贴壁四面体框架绕流场三维数值模拟

四面体透水框架群作为一种新型的防冲促淤措施已经在各种河流工程中得到推广应用,由于其特殊的几何形状,仅依靠常见的量测手段确定其绕流场结构存在较大困难,使得对该类方法防护机理的理解受到限制。在CFD通用程序Fluent平台上建立三维水动力数值模型,对单一贴壁四面体透水框架的清水流场进行模拟,并与超声测速仪(ADV)实测结果进行对比验证。研究表明该数值模型有效地补充了三维复杂流场的物理实验结果,有助于理解四面体框架的防护机理。改变水力参数,计算得到阻力系数C_D相对于雷诺数Re的变化曲线,当Re>105时,单一贴壁四面体框架的阻力系数C_D为一常数值,大小为1.557。     

EXPERIMENTS ON FLOW AROUND A CYLINDER IN A SCOURED CRANNEL BED

1 INTRODUCTION'LOcal scour around a pier is a result of the interatiOn amongst the pier, the aPproach flow and theerodible bed. The Presence of a pier results in a stagnation pressure build-up in front of the pier and athree-dimensional tUrbulent flow echaracterized by the downward flow ahead of the pier and the so-called horseshoe vortex along the base of the Pier forms itself The flow modifies the erothe bed inthe vicinity of the pier when local scour takes place (Graf and AJhnakar l…     

SOIL SCOUR RESISTANCE AND ARRANGEMENT OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION SYSTEM IN THE CONTIGUOUS AREA OF SHANXI, SHAANXI AND INNER MONGOLIA 1

ＳＯＩＬＳＣＯＵＲＲＥＳＩＳＴＡＮＣＥＡＮＤＡＲＲＡＮＧＥＭＥＮＴＯＦＳＯＩＬＡＮＤＷＡＴＥＲＣＯＮＳＥＲＶＡＴＩＯＮＳＹＳＴＥＭＩＮＴＨＥＣＯＮＴＩＧＵＯＵＳＡＲＥＡＯＦＳＨＡＮＸＩ,ＳＨＡＡＮＸＩＡＮＤＩＮＮＥＲＭＯＮＧＯＬＩＡ１ＪＩＡＮＧＤｉ...