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781.
A set of new parameterizations for the friction velocity and temperature scale over gently
sloped terrain and in calm synoptic conditions are theoretically derived. The friction velocity is
found to be proportional to the product of the square root of the total accumulated heating in the
boundary layer and the sinusoidal function of the slope angle, while the temperature scale is
proportional to the product of the boundary layer depth, the sinusoidal function of the slope angle
and the potential temperature gradient in the free atmosphere. Using the new friction velocity
parameterization, together with a parameterization of eddy diffusivity and an initial potential
temperature profile around sunrise, an improved parameterization for the thermally induced upslope
flow profile is derived by solving the Prandtl equations. The upslope flow profile is found to be
simply proportional to the friction velocity. 相似文献
782.
NIELS RAMEIL ADRIAN IMMENHAUSER GEORG WARRLICH HEIKO HILLGÄRTNER HENK J. DROSTE 《Sedimentology》2010,57(3):883-911
Lithocodium aggregatum and Bacinella irregularis are now extinct, shallow marine life forms of unknown taxonomic origin. Forming part of the tropical platform biota during much of the Mesozoic, these organisms experienced bloom periods and temporarily replaced rudist–coral assemblages during parts of the Early Aptian. Within the limitations of time resolution, this ‘out‐of‐balance’ facies is coeval with the Oceanic Anoxic Event 1a‐related black shale deposition in oceanic basins but the triggering factors remain poorly understood. Here, a platform‐wide comparison of Lithocodium–Bacinella geobodies and morphotypes from the Sultanate of Oman is presented and placed in its environmental, bathymetric and physiographic context. Lithocodium–Bacinella geobodies reach from kilometre‐scale ‘superstructures’ to delicate centimetre‐sized growth forms. Clearly, scale matters and care must be taken when drawing conclusions based on spatially limited observational data. Whilst the factors that cause Lithocodium–Bacinella expansion should probably be considered in a global context, regional to local factors affected growth patterns in a more predictable manner. Here, the unresolved taxonomic relationship remains the main obstacle in any attempt to unravel the response of Lithocodium–Bacinella to specific or interlinked environmental parameters as different organisms respond differently to changing environment. Acknowledging these limitations, the following tentative patterns are observed: (i) Lithocodium–Bacinella tolerated a wide range of hydrodynamic levels and responded to differences in energy level or physiographic settings (margin, intrashelf basin, inner platform) by obtaining characteristic growth forms. (ii) Lithocodium–Bacinella favoured low‐sediment input but had the ability to react to higher sedimentation rates by enhanced upward growth; a feature perhaps pointing to a phototrophic metabolism. Circumstantial evidence for continuous growth within the upper‐sediment column is debated. (iii) The availability of accommodation space had a direct influence on the maximum size of geobodies formed. (iv) Fluctuating nutrient levels and sea water alkalinity may have affected the growth potential of Lithocodium–Bacinella. Understanding the relationship between Lithocodium–Bacinella morphogenesis on a wide range of scales and local environmental parameters allows for better prediction of the spatial distribution of reservoir properties and also results in an improved interpretation of palaeoenvironments. This study might represent a useful first step in this direction. 相似文献
783.
784.
This article aims to identify the large‐scale climate variables that yield significant statistical relationships with precipitation and discharge for a British river basin (Dyfi). Ranked correlation analysis was performed between gridded ERA‐40 atmospheric data and Dyfi precipitation and discharge for individual months. Precipitation and discharge demonstrate significant negative correlation with mean sea level pressure (MSLP). Strongest MSLP correlation areas move from north of Britain in winter to central Britain in summer; this shift is associated with a displacement of geopotential (Z) and zonal wind (U). Movement of significant correlation regions (not captured by the North Atlantic Oscillation Index) highlights the dynamic nature of precipitation and river flow generating weather systems throughout the year. Existence of strong significant correlation shows potential for exploiting large‐scale climate variables in forecasting precipitation and river flow in Britain. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
785.
雷旭友 《物探化探计算技术》1998,20(2):175-178
南宁~昆明铁路共进行了238km路基、隧道、车站、桥址的岩溶综合物探,依据物探结果,进行了3500多个钻孔的岩溶整治,钻孔资料为物探资料的再分析、总结、提高提供了极为丰富翔实的已知资料。本文通过了三个典型的厅状大溶洞电探信息分析,初步总结出该类异常的反映特征和规律。 相似文献
786.
787.
A two‐scale modeling of solute transport in double‐porosity (DP) media under unsaturated water flow conditions is presented. The macroscopic model was developed by applying the asymptotic homogenization method. It is based on theoretical and empirical considerations dealing with the orders of magnitude of characteristic quantities involved in the process. For this purpose a physical model that mimics the behavior of DP medium was built. The resulting two‐equation model relies on a coupling exchange term between micro‐ and macro‐porosity subdomains associated with local non‐equilibrium solute concentrations. The model was numerically implemented (Comsol Multiphysics®) to simulate the macroscopic one‐dimensional physical process taking place into the porous medium of 3D periodic microstructure. A series of dispersion experiments of NaCl solution under unsaturated steady‐state flow conditions were performed. The experimental results were used first to calibrate the dispersion coefficient of the model, and second to validate it through two other independent experiments. The excellent agreement between the numerical simulations and the measurements of the time evolution of the non‐symmetrical breakthrough curves provides a proof of predictive capacity of the developed model. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
788.
基于分形理论的安徽省城市体系规模分布研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
文章通过测算安徽省近20年来城市体系规模分布的分维值,对该省城市体系规模现状及演化进行了具体分析,得出以下结论:现今安徽省城市规模分布较集中,人口分布呈现低水平均衡状态;1988年以来,就城市体系规模结构的演化特点来看可分为两个阶段:1988年-1999年,城市规模分布趋于集中;而进入2000年以来,城市规模分布趋于分散。并分析了这种现状及演化的原因,提出若干优化城市体系和促进经济发展的建议。 相似文献
789.
In order to compare color statistical properties of member galaxies in compact groups with those of field galaxies, we use
a compact group (CG) sample which contains 4217 CGs extracted from the MAIN galaxy sample of the SDSS Data Release 4 (SDSS4),
and construct a random group sample which has the same distributions of redshift and number of member galaxies as those of
the CG sample. It turns out that the mean colors of galaxies in CGs are redder than those of galaxies in random groups. Additionally,
we also find that member galaxies in real CGs have a smaller dispersion of colors than those in random groups-at least for
g-r, r-i, and i-z colors.
Published in Astrofizika, Vol. 50, No. 1, pp. 29–37 (February 2007). 相似文献
790.